Geology, Rock and Rock Cycle PDF

GEOLOGY, ROCK and ROCK CYCLE PRESENTED BY:GEN ED INTRUCTOS  Identify the three Understand the basic main types of rocks: concepts of geology. igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Analyze the importance De...

GEOLOGY, ROCK and ROCK CYCLE PRESENTED BY:GEN ED INTRUCTOS  Identify the three Understand the basic main types of rocks: concepts of geology. igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Analyze the importance Describe the rock of rocks and minerals cycle and its in environmental processes. systems. Lesson Objectives:  What do you think geology tells us about our planet?  Geology helps us understand the planet's formation and evolution over billions of years, revealing the age of rocks and fossils through methods like radiometric dating.  Can anyone name a geological event that affected your community? One significant geological event that often affects communities is an earthquake. Importance of Geology in Environmental Science: Understanding natural resources. Predicting geological hazards (earthquakes, landslides). Evaluating soil and rock formations for agriculture and construction. ROCK and ROCK CYCLE Rocks are solid, naturally occurring substances composed of one or more minerals, mineraloids, or organic materials. They are classified into three main types based on their formation processes Igneous Rocks: Formed from the cooling and solidification of molten material (magma or lava). Examples include granite and basalt.  ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL USE Economic Uses Construction Materials Granite: Widely used for countertops, tiles, and monuments due to its durability and aesthetic appeal. Basalt: Commonly used for road construction, concrete aggregates, and as a base material for foundations. Mineral Resources Some igneous rocks contain valuable minerals and ores, such as copper, gold, and nickel, which are economically important for various industries. Environmental Uses -Soil Formation - The weathering of igneous rocks contributes to soil formation, providing essential minerals that support plant growth. -Natural Habitat -Igneous formations can create unique landscapes and habitats that support diverse ecosystems, including plants and animals adapted to these environments. -Water Filtration -Some igneous rocks, like pumice, can be used in filtration systems due to their porous nature, helping to purify water.  Sedimentary Rocks: Created from the accumulation and compaction of mineral and organic particles, often in layers. They can also form through the precipitation of minerals from solution. Examples include sandstone, limestone, and shale.  Fossils are the preserved remains of plants and animals whose bodies were buried in sediments, such as sand and mud, under ancient seas, lakes and rivers. ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL USE Economic Uses Construction Materials - Limestone: Used for cement production, road building, and as a crushed stone aggregate. - Sandstone: Commonly used as a building stone and in paving. Fossil Fuels -Many sedimentary rocks, such as shale, are sources of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas, making them vital for energy production. Industrial Uses -Clay, a sedimentary material, is used in ceramics, bricks, and various industrial applications.  ENVIRONMENTAL USES Soil Formation -Sedimentary rocks contribute to soil development through weathering, providing essential nutrients for agriculture and supporting plant life. Natural Habitat -Sedimentary rock formations often create diverse ecosystems, supporting various species of plants and animals. Erosion Control -Sedimentary rocks can help stabilize landscapes and prevent soil erosion, especially in areas prone to runoff. Water Filtration -The porous nature of some sedimentary rocks allows them to filter and purify water, contributing to cleaner water sources.  Metamorphic Rocks: Result from the transformation of existing rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks) due to heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids. Examples include schist, marble, and gneiss. ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL USE Construction Materials - Marble: Highly valued for its aesthetic qualities, marble is commonly used in buildings, sculptures, and decorative features. - Slate: Used for roofing, flooring, and various architectural applications due to its durability and attractive appearance. Industrial Applications -Metamorphic rocks can be used in the production of materials like asbestos (historically) and certain types of ceramics. Aggregate - Metamorphic rocks like schist and gneiss can be crushed and used as aggregate in construction and road building. ROCK CYCLE 1. Igneous Rocks - When molten rock (magma or lava) cools and hardens, it becomes igneous rock. For example, granite is an igneous rock that forms underground, while basalt forms from lava that cools quickly on the surface. 2. Weathering and Erosion - Over time, igneous rocks can be worn down by weather (like rain and wind) and broken into smaller pieces called sediments. 3. Sedimentary Rocks -Those sediments can get piled up in layers, eventually getting pressed together and cemented to form sedimentary rocks, like sandstone or limestone. 4. Burial and Changes - As more layers build up, the sediments get buried deeper. The heat and pressure from the layers above can change the sediments into something new. 5. Metamorphic Rocks - If the sediments (or even igneous rocks) are subjected to heat and pressure, they can transform into metamorphic rocks, like marble or schist. 6. Melting - If metamorphic rocks get hot enough, they can melt back into magma, starting the cycle all over again. 7. Uplift and Exposure - Tectonic forces can push rocks back up to the surface, where they can start to weather and break down again. Did You Know? The rock cycle doesn’t have a specific beginning or end—rocks can be transformed back and forth between types in countless ways. For example, an igneous rock can become a sedimentary rock through weathering and erosion, then get buried and transformed into a metamorphic rock, which can later melt back into magma, restarting the cycle. This continuous transformation highlights the dynamic nature of our planet.  A question to think How does understanding the rock cycle contribute to improving and preserving the environment, particularly in terms of resource management and natural hazard mitigation?