questions.pdf

1. What are Free Radicals in biological aging? Provide a brief description. - Free Radicals are unstable molecules missing an electron, formed during cell metabolism or with Reactive Oxygen Species. They can damage lipids, macromolecules, and proteins. 2. Explain Inflamm-aging and its effects on bio...

1. What are Free Radicals in biological aging? Provide a brief description. - Free Radicals are unstable molecules missing an electron, formed during cell metabolism or with Reactive Oxygen Species. They can damage lipids, macromolecules, and proteins. 2. Explain Inflamm-aging and its effects on biological aging. - Inflamm-aging is caused by inflammation, leading to accelerated biological aging, reduced immunity, rapid cell aging, and increased cytokine production. 3. Describe Mitochondrial Dysfunction in relation to aging. - Mitochondrial Dysfunction and damage occur with aging, causing mutations, errors during replication, and potentially leading to diseases like Alzheimer’s. 4. Define Role Theory in psychosocial theories of aging. - Role Theory states that one's place in society is determined by their role. Successful aging involves completing one's role and having it replaced by another. 5. What is the Activity Theory according to psychosocial theories of aging? - Activity Theory emphasizes staying young and active to maintain well-being, stating that inactivity can have detrimental effects. 6. Explain the Disengagement Theory in psychosocial theories of aging. - Disengagement Theory suggests that as one generation ages, they gradually withdraw and pass power to the younger generation, promoting balance in society. 7. Describe the Continuity Theory in psychosocial theories of aging. - Continuity Theory involves maintaining consistent behavior patterns throughout life. Successful aging means retaining or finding new behaviors. 8. Explain the Social Exchange Theory in psychosocial theories of aging. - Social Exchange Theory focuses on successful aging through active participation in society while maintaining control over financial resources. 9. Define the Modernization Theory in psychosocial theories of aging. - Modernization Theory suggests that as individuals age, they preserve their status, keep kinship groups intact, and retain skills. 10. Define acculturation. - The process by which persons from one culture adapt to another. 11. Give an example of an obstacle to cross-cultural caring. - The belief that 'all old people are forgetful' is an example. 12. True or False: Nurses an expectation to challenge ethnocentrism and negative stereotyping. - True. 13. List behaviors demonstrating cultural proficiency in nursing. - C, D, E (Providing respectful care, using cultural knowledge, recognizing social status). 14. Which ethnic group has traditionally seen aging as a way of survival? - Black Americans 15. What is the main source of retirement income for Blacks according to the video? - Social security 16. What percentage of elderly African American women live in poverty? - 40% 17. Which minority group is the largest minority group in the U.S.? - Hispanics 18. What is the feeling expressed by Asian Americans towards the government? - Mistrust and fear 19. Where do most Native American elderly live according to the notes? - On a reservation 20. What is the scenario for the oldest son taking care of parents in the Asian American community? - 66% of older sons are currently doing so 21. What is the expected ethnic diversity in the aging population by 2050 according to the notes? - African Americans: 20%, Hispanics: 30%, White: 40% 22. Where were the Tuskegee Airman treated poorly? - Clinical settings, public hospitals, private hospitals, and teaching hospitals 23. What disparities occurred in relation to the Tuskegee Airman in those settings? - They were treated poorly just because they were black 24. What is mentioned as a potential challenge when encountering patients with English as a second language? - Communication barriers due to language differences 25. Define culture according to the notes. - Culture are shared or learned beliefs, values, and expectations of a particular group of people. 26. What is one way Gerotranscendence is explained in the notes? - The process of moving from birth to death, with time becoming less of a valued community as we age. 27. What does the term 'valued community' refer to in Gerotranscendence as per the notes? - Time becoming less valued as we age and moving towards thinking about the meaning of life. 28. Name the 6 major ethno-racial groups discussed in the US diversity context according to the notes. - 1. African-American or Black, 2. White, 3. Asian, 4. Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 5. American Indian and Alaskan Native, 6. Hispanic and Latinx. 29. Define health inequities based on the notes. - Avoidable and unjust differences in healthcare outcomes between advantaged and disadvantaged groups. 30. Explain how cultural destructiveness is defined in the notes. - The systematic elimination of another culture, akin to genocide. 31. Define race according to the notes. - Phenotype, genes with observable traits like eye color, facial features, skin tone, and hair texture. 32. What is the Learn Model in cultural assessment in nursing? - Listen actively, explain perceptions, and acknowledge differences and similarities.