Question Set Combined.docx - Past Paper PDF

**Question no 1:** **In this form of encryption algorithm, every individual block contains 64-bit data, and three keys are used, where each key consists of 56 bits. Which is this encryption algorithm?** AES MD5 encryption algorithm IDEA Triple Data Encryption Standard **Question no 2:** **Joh...

**Question no 1:** **In this form of encryption algorithm, every individual block contains 64-bit data, and three keys are used, where each key consists of 56 bits. Which is this encryption algorithm?** AES MD5 encryption algorithm IDEA Triple Data Encryption Standard **Question no 2:** **John, a professional hacker, decided to use DNS to perform data exfiltration on a target network. In this process, he embedded malicious data into the DNS protocol packets that even DNSSEC cannot detect. Using this technique, John successfully injected malware to bypass a firewall and maintained communication with the victim machine and C&C server. What is the technique employed by John to bypass the firewall?** DNS cache snooping DNS enumeration DNSSEC zone walking DNS tunneling method **Question no 3:** **Which of the following information security controls creates an appealing isolated environment for hackers to prevent them from compromising critical targets while simultaneously gathering information about the hacker?** Firewall Honeypot Botnet Intrusion detection system **Question no 4:** **There have been concerns in your network that the wireless network component is not sufficiently secure. You perform a vulnerability scan of the wireless network and find that it is using an old encryption protocol that was designed to mimic wired encryption.** **What encryption protocol is being used?** WEP WPA RADIUS WPA3 **Question no 5:** **Abel, a cloud architect, uses container technology to deploy applications/software including all its dependencies, such as libraries and configuration files, binaries, and other resources that run independently from other processes in the cloud environment. For the containerization of applications, he follows the five-tier container technology architecture. Currently, Abel is verifying and validating image contents, signing images, and sending them to the registries.** **Which of the following tiers of the container technology architecture is Abel currently working in?** Tier-1: Developer machines Tier-2: Testing and accreditation systems Tier-4: Orchestrators Tier-3: Registries **Question no 6:** **Consider the following Nmap output:** **Starting Nmap X.XX (http://nmap.org) at XXX-XX-XX XX:XX EDT Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.42 Host is up (0.00023s latency). Not shown: 932 filtered ports, 56 closed ports** **PORT STATE SERVICE** **21/tcp open ftp 22/tcp open ssh 25/tcp open smtp 53/tcp open domain 80/tcp open http 110/tcp open pop3 143/tcp open imap 443/tcp open https 465/tcp open smtps** **587/tcp open submission 993/tcp open imaps 995/tcp open pop3s** **Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 3.90 seconds** **What command-line parameter could you use to determine the type and version number of** **the web server?** -sV -sS -V -Pn **Question no 7:** **Attacker Steve targeted an organization's network with the aim of redirecting the company's web traffic to another malicious website. To achieve this goal, Steve performed DNS cache poisoning by exploiting the vulnerabilities in the DNS server software and modified the original IP address of the target website to that of a fake website.** **What is the technique employed by Steve to gather information for identity theft?** Pharming Skimming Pretexting Wardriving **Question no 8:** **ohn is investigating web-application firewall logs and observers that someone is attempting to inject the following:** **char buff\[10\]; buff\[10\] = \'a\';** **What type of attack is this?** CSRF XSS SQL injection Buffer overflow **Question no 9:** **Bobby, an attacker, targeted a user and decided to hijack and intercept all their wireless communications. He installed a fake communication tower between two authentic endpoints to mislead the victim. Bobby used this virtual tower to interrupt the data transmission between the user and real tower, attempting to hijack an active session. Upon receiving the user's request, Bobby manipulated the traffic with the virtual tower and redirected the victim to a malicious website.** **What is the attack performed by Bobby in the above scenario?** aLTEr attack Wardriving KRACK attack Jamming signal attack **Question no 10:** **Allen, a professional pen tester, was hired by XpertTech Solutions to perform an attack** **simulation on the organization's network resources. To perform the attack, he took** **advantage of the NetBIOS API and targeted the NetBIOS service. By enumerating NetBIOS,** **he found that port 139 was open and could see the resources that could be accessed or viewed on a remote system. He came across many NetBIOS codes during enumeration.** **Identify the NetBIOS code used for obtaining the messenger service running for the loggedin user?** \< 00 \> \< 03 \> \< 1B \> \< 20 \> **Question no 11:** **You have been authorized to perform a penetration test against a website. You want to use Google dorks to footprint the site but only want results that show file extensions.** **What Google dork operator would you use?** filetype site ext inurl **Question no 12:** **John, a professional hacker, performs a network attack on a renowned organization and gains unauthorized access to the target network. He remains in the network without being detected for a long time and obtains sensitive information without sabotaging the organization.** **Which of the following attack techniques is used by John?** Diversion theft Advanced persistent threat Insider threat Spear-phishing sites Question no 13: **You are a penetration tester working to test the user awareness of the employees of the client XYZ. You harvested two employees' emails from some public sources and are creating a client-side backdoor to send it to the employees via email.** **Which stage of the cyber kill chain are you at?** Exploitation Command and control Weaponization Reconnaissance **Question no 14:** **Garry is a network administrator in an organization. He uses SNMP to manage networked devices from a remote location. To manage nodes in the network, he uses MIB, which contains formal descriptions of all network objects managed by SNMP. He accesses the contents of MIB by using a web browser either by entering the IP address and Lseries.mib or by entering the DNS library name and Lseries.mib. He is currently retrieving information from an MIB that contains object types for workstations and server services. Which of the following types of MIB is accessed by Garry in the above scenario?** LNMIB2.MIB MIB\_II.MIB WINS.MIB DHCP.MIB **Question no 15:** **Ralph, a professional hacker, targeted Jane, who had recently bought new systems for her company. After a few days, Ralph contacted Jane while masquerading as a legitimate customer support executive, informing that her systems need to be serviced for proper functioning and that customer support will send a computer technician. Jane promptly replied positively. Ralph entered Jane's company using this opportunity and gathered** **sensitive information by scanning terminals for passwords, searching for important documents in desks, and rummaging bins.** **What is the type of attack technique Ralph used on Jane?** Shoulder surfing Dumpster diving Eavesdropping Impersonation **Question no 16:** **A penetration tester is performing the footprinting process and is reviewing publicly available information about an organization by using the Google search engine.** **Which of the following advanced operators would allow the pen tester to restrict the** **search to the organization's web domain?** \[location:\] \[link:\] \[allinurl:\] \[site:\] **Question no 17:** **Alice, a professional hacker, targeted an organization's cloud services. She infiltrated the target's MSP provider by sending spear-phishing emails and distributed custom-made** **malware to compromise user accounts and gain remote access to the cloud service. Further, she accessed the target customer profiles with her MSP account, compressed the customer data, and stored them in the MSP. Then, she used this information to launch further attacks on the target organization.** **Which of the following cloud attacks did Alice perform in the above scenario?** Cloudborne attack Cloud hopper attack Cloud cryptojacking Man-in-the-cloud (MITC) attack **Question no 18:** **Attacker Rony installed a rogue access point within an organization's perimeter and attempted to intrude into its internal network. Johnson, a security auditor, identified some unusual traffic in the internal network that is aimed at cracking the authentication mechanism. He immediately turned off the targeted network and tested for any weak and outdated security mechanisms that are open to attack.** **What is the type of vulnerability assessment performed by Johnson in the above scenario?** Host-based assessment Application assessment Distributed assessment Wireless network assessment **Question no 19:** **The network users are complaining because their systems are slowing down. Further, everytime they attempt to go to a website, they receive a series of pop-ups with advertisements. What type of malware have the systems been infected with?** Virus Trojan Spyware Adware **Question no 20:** **Richard, an attacker, aimed to hack IoT devices connected to a target network. In this process, Richard recorded the frequency required to share information between connected devices. After obtaining the frequency, he captured the original data when commands were initiated by the connected devices. Once the original data were collected, he used free tools such as URH to segregate the command sequence. Subsequently, he started injecting the segregated command sequence on the same frequency into the IoT network, which repeats the captured signals of the devices.** **What is the type of attack performed by Richard in the above scenario?** Reconnaissance attack Cryptanalysis attack Side-channel attack Replay attack **Question no 21:** **After an audit, the auditors inform you that there is a critical finding that you must tackle immediately. You read the audit report, and the problem is the service running on port** **389. Which service is this and how can you tackle the problem?** The service is SMTP, and you must change it to SMIME, which is an encrypted way to send emails. The findings do not require immediate actions and are only suggestions. The service is NTP, and you have to change it from UDP to TCP in order to encrypt it. The service is LDAP, and you must change it to 636, which is LDAPS **Question no 22:** **What would be the fastest way to perform content enumeration on a given web server by using the Gobuster tool?** Performing content enumeration using a wordlist Performing content enumeration using the bruteforce mode and 10 threads Skipping SSL certificate verification Performing content enumeration using the bruteforce mode and random file extensions **Question no 23:** **What firewall evasion scanning technique make use of a zombie system that has low network activity as well as its fragment identification numbers?** Spoof source address scanning Decoy scanning Packet fragmentation scanning Idle scanning **Question no 24:** **Which of the following Bluetooth hacking techniques refers to the theft of information from a wireless device through Bluetooth?** Bluesmacking Bluesnarfing Bluejacking Bluebugging **Question no 25:** **Dorian is sending a digitally signed email to Polly. With which key is Dorian signing this message and how is Poly validating it?** Dorian is signing the message with Poly's public key, and Poly will verify that the message came from Dorian by using Dorian's public key. Dorian is signing the message with his private key, and Poly will verify that the message came from Dorian by using Dorian's public key. Dorian is signing the message with his public key, and Poly will verify that the message came from Dorian by using Dorian's private key. Dorian is signing the message with Poly's private key, and Poly will verify that the message came from Dorian by using Dorian's public key Question no 2: Question no 6: Steven connected his iPhone to a public computer that had been infected by Clark, an attacker. After establishing the connection with the public computer, Steven enabled iTunes Wi-Fi sync on the computer so that the device could continue communication with that computer even after being physically disconnected. Now, Clark gains access to Steven's iPhone through the infected computer and is able to monitor and read all of Steven's activity on the iPhone, even after the device is out of the communication zone. Which of the following attacks is performed by Clark in the above scenario? Question no 10: Johnson, an attacker, performed online research for the contact details of reputed cybersecurity firms. He found the contact number of sibertech.org and dialed the number, claiming himself to represent a technical support team from a vendor. He warned that a specific server is about to be compromised and requested sibertech.org to follow the provided instructions. Consequently, he prompted the victim to execute unusual commands and install malicious files, which were then used to collect and pass critical information to Johnson's machine. What is the social engineering technique Steve employed in the above scenario? Question no 13: Suppose that you test an application for the SQL injection vulnerability. You know that the backend database is based on Microsoft SQL Server. In the login/password form, you enter the following credentials: Username: attack' or 1=1 -- Password: 123456 Based on the above credentials, which of the following SQL commands are you expecting to be executed by the server, if there is indeed an SQL injection vulnerability? Question no 16: Clark, a professional hacker, was hired by an organization to gather sensitive information about its competitors surreptitiously. Clark gathers the server IP address of the target organization using Whois footprinting. Further, he entered the server IP address as an input to an online tool to retrieve information such as the network range of the target organization and to identify the network topology and operating system used in the network. What is the online tool employed by Clark in the above scenario? Question no 17: When analyzing the IDS logs, the system administrator noticed an alert was logged when the external router was accessed from the administrator\'s Computer to update the router configuration. What type of an alert is this? Question no 19: Harry, a professional hacker, targets the IT infrastructure of an organization. After preparing for the attack, he attempts to enter the target network using techniques such as sending spear-phishing emails and exploiting vulnerabilities on publicly available servers. Using these techniques, he successfully deployed malware on the target system to establish an outbound connection. What is the APT lifecycle phase that Harry is currently executing? - Cleanup - Initial intrusion - Preparation - Persistence Question no 20: Jim, a professional hacker, targeted an organization that is operating critical industrial infrastructure. Jim used Nmap to scan open ports and running services on systems connected to the organization's OT network. He used an Nmap command to identify Ethernet/IP devices connected to the Internet and further gathered information such as the vendor name, product code and name, device name, and IP address. Which of the following Nmap commands helped Jim retrieve the required information? Question no 21: Alice needs to send a confidential document to her coworker, Bryan. Their company has public key infrastructure set up. Therefore, Alice both encrypts the message and digitally signs it. Alice uses to encrypt the message, and Bryan uses to confirm the digital signature. Question no 22: Sam is working as a system administrator in an organization. He captured the principal characteristics of a vulnerability and produced a numerical score to reflect its severity using CVSS v3.0 to properly assess and prioritize the organization's vulnerability management processes. The base score that Sam obtained after performing CVSS rating was 4.0. What is the CVSS severity level of the vulnerability discovered by Sam in the above scenario? Question no 23: Heather's company has decided to use a new customer relationship management tool. After performing the appropriate research, they decided to purchase a subscription to a cloudhosted solution. The only administrative task that Heather will need to perform is the management of user accounts. The provider will take care of the hardware, operating system, and software administration including patching and monitoring. Which of the following is this type of solution? Question no 24: John wants to send Marie an email that includes sensitive information, and he does not trust the network that he is connected to. Marie gives him the idea of using PGP. What should John do to communicate correctly using this type of encryption? Question no 26: Boney, a professional hacker, targets an organization for financial benefits. He performs an attack by sending his session ID using an MITM attack technique. Boney first obtains a valid session ID by logging into a service and later feeds the same session ID to the target employee. The session ID links the target employee to Boney's account page without disclosing any information to the victim. When the target employee clicks on the link, all the sensitive payment details entered in a form are linked to Boney's account. What is the attack performed by Boney in the above scenario? Question no 27: To create a botnet, the attacker can use several techniques to scan vulnerable machines. The attacker first collects information about a large number of vulnerable machines to create a list. Subsequently, they infect the machines. The list is divided by assigning half of the list to the newly compromised machines. The scanning process runs simultaneously. This technique ensures the spreading and installation of malicious code in little time. Which technique is discussed here? Question no 30: Gerard, a disgruntled ex-employee of Sunglass IT Solutions, targets this organization to perform sophisticated attacks and bring down its reputation in the market. To launch the attacks process, he performed DNS footprinting to gather information about DNS servers and to identify the hosts connected in the target network. He used an automated tool that can retrieve information about DNS zone data including DNS domain names, computer names, IP addresses, DNS records, and network Whois records. He further exploited this information to launch other sophisticated attacks. What is the tool employed by Gerard in the above scenario? Question no 32: Jane, an ethical hacker, is testing a target organization's web server and website to identify security loopholes. In this process, she copied the entire website and its content on a local drive to view the complete profile of the site's directory structure, file structure, external links, images, web pages, and so on. This information helps Jane map the website's directories and gain valuable information. What is the attack technique employed by Jane in the above scenario? Question no 33: A post-breach forensic investigation revealed that a known vulnerability in Apache Struts was to blame for the Equifax data breach that affected 143 million customers. A fix was available from the software vendor for several months prior to the intrusion. This is likely a failure in which of the following security processes? Question no 34: Joe works as an IT administrator in an organization and has recently set up a cloud computing service for the organization. To implement this service, he reached out to a telecom company for providing Internet connectivity and transport services between the organization and the cloud service provider. In the NIST cloud deployment reference architecture, under which category does the telecom company fall in the above scenario? Question no 35: Widespread fraud at Enron, WorldCom, and Tyco led to the creation of a law that was designed to improve the accuracy and accountability of corporate disclosures. It covers accounting firms and third parties that provide financial services to some organizations and came into effect in 2002. This law is known by what acronym? Question no 37: Larry, a security professional in an organization, has noticed some abnormalities in the user accounts on a web server. To thwart evolving attacks, he decided to harden the security of the web server by adopting a few countermeasures to secure the accounts on the web server. Which of the following countermeasures must Larry implement to secure the user accounts on the web server? Question no 38: Scenario: Joe turns on his home computer to access personal online banking. When he enters the URL [www.bank.com,](http://www.bank.com/) the website is displayed, but it prompts him to re-enter his credentials as if he has never visited the site before. When he examines the website URL closer, he finds that the site is not secure and the web address appears different. What type of attack he is experiencing? Question no 40: DDoS attack is performed at layer 7 to take down web infrastructure. Partial HTTP requests are sent to the web infrastructure or applications. Upon receiving a partial request, the target servers opens multiple connections and keeps waiting for the requests to complete. Which attack is being described here? Question no 42: You are a penetration tester tasked with testing the wireless network of your client Brakeme SA. You are attempting to break into the wireless network with the SSID "BrakemeInternal." You realize that this network uses WPA3 encryption. Which of the following vulnerabilities is the promising to exploit? Question no 44: Louis, a professional hacker, had used specialized tools or search engines to encrypt all his browsing activity and navigate anonymously to obtain sensitive/hidden information about official government or federal databases. After gathering the information, he successfully performed an attack on the target government organization without being traced. Which of the following techniques is described in the above scenario? Question no 47: Kevin, a professional hacker, wants to penetrate CyberTech Inc.'s network. He employed a technique, using which he encoded packets with Unicode characters. The company's IDS cannot recognize the packets, but the target web server can decode them. What is the technique used by Kevin to evade the IDS system? Question no 48: Henry is a cyber security specialist hired by BlackEye -- Cyber Security Solutions. He was tasked with discovering the operating system (OS) of a host. He used the Unicornscan tool to discover the OS of the target system. As a result, he obtained a TTL value, which indicates that the target system is running a Windows OS. Identify the TTL value Henry obtained, which indicates that the target OS is Windows. Question no 50: Andrew is an Ethical Hacker who was assigned the task of discovering all the active devices hidden by a restrictive firewall in the IPv4 range in a given target network. Which of the following host discovery techniques must he use to perform the given task? Question no 1: David is a security professional working in an organization, and he is implementing a vulnerability management program in the organization to evaluate and control the risks and vulnerabilities in its IT infrastructure. He is currently executing the process of applying fixes on vulnerable systems to reduce the impact and severity of vulnerabilities. Which phase of the vulnerability-management life cycle is David currently in? Question no 2: Scenario: 1. **Victim opens the attacker\'s web site.** 2. **Attacker sets up a web site which contains interesting and attractive content like \'Do you want to make \$1000 in a day?\'.** 3. **Victim clicks to the interesting and attractive content URL.** 4. **Attacker creates a transparent \'iframe\' in front of the URL which the victim attempts to click, so the victim thinks that he/she clicks on the \'Do you want to make \$1000 in a day?\' URL but actually he/she clicks on the content or URL that exists in the transparent \'iframe\' which is setup by the attacker.** What is the name of the attack which is mentioned in the scenario? Question no 3: mily, an extrovert obsessed with social media, posts a large amount of private information, photographs, and location tags of recently visited places. Realizing this, James, a professional hacker, targets Emily and her acquaintances, conducts a location search to detect their geolocation by using an automated tool, and gathers information to perform other sophisticated attacks. What is the tool employed by James in the above scenario? Question no 4: If you send a TCP ACK segment to a known closed port on a firewall but it does not respond with an RST, what do you know about the firewall you are scanning? Question no 5: ============== Question no 6: ============== What type of malware did the attacker use to bypass the company's application ============================================================================= Question no 7: Jason, an attacker, targeted an organization to perform an attack on its Internet-facing web server with the intention of gaining access to backend servers, which are protected by a firewall. In this process, he used a URL https://xyz.com/feed.php?url=externalsite.com/feed/to to obtain a remote feed and altered the URL input to the local host to view all the local resources on the target server. What is the type of attack Jason performed in the above scenario? Question no 8: What piece of hardware on a computer's motherboard generates encryption keys and only releases a part of the key so that decrypting a disk on a new piece of hardware is not possible? UEFI Question no 9: ============== attacks, and malware. ===================== Question no 10: Wilson, a professional hacker, targets an organization for financial benefit and plans to compromise its systems by sending malicious emails. For this purpose, he uses a tool to track the emails of the target and extracts information such as sender identities, mail servers, sender IP addresses, and sender locations from different public sources. He also checks if an email address was leaked using the haveibeenpwned.com API. Which of the following tools is used by Wilson in the above scenario? Question no 11: Abel, a security professional, conducts penetration testing in his client organization to check for any security loopholes. He launched an attack on the DHCP servers by broadcasting forged DHCP requests and leased all the DHCP addresses available in the DHCP scope until the server could not issue any more IP addresses. This led to a DoS attack, and as a result, legitimate employees were unable to access the client's network. Which of the following attacks did Abel perform in the above scenario? Question no 12: Samuel, a professional hacker, monitored and intercepted already established traffic between Bob and a host machine to predict Bob's ISN. Using this ISN, Samuel sent spoofed packets with Bob's IP address to the host machine. The host machine responded with a packet having an incremented ISN. Consequently, Bob's connection got hung, and Samuel was able to communicate with the host machine on behalf of Bob. What is the type of attack performed by Samuel in the above scenario? Question no 13: =============== What is the attack performed by Robin in the above scenario? ============================================================ Question no 14: This form of encryption algorithm is a symmetric key block cipher that is characterized by a 128-bit block size, and its key size can be up to 256 bits. Which among the following is this encryption algorithm? Question no 15: =============== What kind of attack is possible in this scenario? ================================================= Question no 16: =============== What is the social engineering technique Steve employed in the above scenario? ============================================================================== Question no 17: Bob, an attacker, has managed to access a target IoT device. He employed an online tool to gather information related to the model of the IoT device and the certifications granted to it. Which of the following tools did Bob employ to gather the above information? Question no 18: You are a penetration tester and are about to perform a scan on a specific server. The agreement that you signed with the client contains the following specific condition for the scan: "The attacker must scan every port on the server several times using a set of spoofed source IP addresses." Suppose that you are using Nmap to perform this scan. What flag will you use to satisfy this requirement? Question no 19: SQL injection (SQLi) attacks attempt to inject SQL syntax into web requests, which may bypass authentication and allow attackers to access and/or modify data attached to a web application. Which of the following SQLi types leverages a database server's ability to make DNS requests to pass data to an attacker? Question no 20: =============== What is the component of the Docker architecture used by Annie in the above scenario? ===================================================================================== Question no 21: Judy created a forum. One day, she discovers that a user is posting strange images without writing comments. She immediately calls a security expert, who discovers that the following code is hidden behind those images: \ document.write(\'\); \ What issue occurred for the users who clicked on the image? Question no 22: Attacker Lauren has gained the credentials of an organization's internal server system, and she was often logging in during irregular times to monitor the network activities. The organization was skeptical about the login times and appointed security professional Robert to determine the issue. Robert analyzed the compromised device to find incident details such as the type of attack, its severity, target, impact, method of propagation, and vulnerabilities exploited. What is the incident handling and response (IH&R) phase, in which Robert has determined these issues? Question no 23: =============== What protocol is this port using and how can he secure that traffic? ==================================================================== Question no 24: A newly joined employee, Janet, has been allocated an existing system used by a previous employee. Before issuing the system to Janet, it was assessed by Martin, the administrator. Martin found that there were possibilities of compromise through user directories, registries, and other system parameters. He also identified vulnerabilities such as native configuration tables, incorrect registry or file permissions, and software configuration errors. What is the type of vulnerability assessment performed by Martin? Question no 25: A friend of yours tells you that he downloaded and executed a file that was sent to him by a coworker. Since the file did nothing when executed, he asks you for help because he suspects that he may have installed a trojan on his computer. What tests would you perform to determine whether his computer is infected? Question no 26: To invisibly maintain access to a machine, an attacker utilizes a rootkit that sits undetected in the core components of the operating system. What is this type of rootkit an example of? Hypervisor rootkit Question no 27: =============== Which of the following Nmap commands must John use to perform the TCP SYN ping scan? ==================================================================================== Question no 28: There are multiple cloud deployment options depending on how isolated a customer's resources are from those of other customers. Shared environments share the costs and allow each customer to enjoy lower operations expenses. One solution is for a customer to join with a group of users or organizations to share a cloud environment. What is this cloud deployment option called? Question no 29: Gilbert, a web developer, uses a centralized web API to reduce complexity and increase the integrity of updating and changing data. For this purpose, he uses a web service that uses HTTP methods such as PUT, POST, GET, and DELETE and can improve the overall performance, visibility, scalability, reliability, and portability of an application. What is the type of web-service API mentioned in the above scenario? Question no 30: Robin, an attacker, is attempting to bypass the firewalls of an organization through the DNS tunneling method in order to exfiltrate data. He is using the NSTX tool for bypassing the firewalls. On which of the following ports should Robin run the NSTX tool? Question no 31: =============== Question no 32: =============== Question no 33: Samuel a security administrator, is assessing the configuration of a web server. He noticed that the server permits SSLv2 connections, and the same private key certificate is used on a different server that allows SSLv2 connections. This vulnerability makes the web server vulnerable to attacks as the SSLv2 server can leak key information. Which of the following attacks can be performed by exploiting the above vulnerability? Question no 34: Sam is a penetration tester hired by Inception Tech, a security organization. He was asked to perform port scanning on a target host in the network. While performing the given task, Sam sends FIN/ACK probes and determines that an RST packet is sent in response by the target host, indicating that the port is closed. What is the port scanning technique used by Sam to discover open ports? Question no 35: Sam, a professional hacker, targeted an organization with intention of compromising AWS IAM credentials. He attempted to lure one of the employees of the organization by initiating fake calls while posing as a legitimate employee. Moreover, he sent phishing emails to steal the AWS IAM credentials and further compromise the employee's account. What is the technique used by Sam to compromise the AWS IAM credentials? Question no 36: Jane invites her friends Alice and John over for a LAN party. Alice and John access Jane's wireless network without a password. However, Jane has a long, complex password on her router. What attack has likely occurred? Question no 37: Richard, an attacker, targets an MNC. In this process, he uses a footprinting technique to gather as much information as possible. Using this technique, he gathers domain information such as the target domain name, contact details of its owner, expiry date, and creation date. With this information, he creates a map of the organization's network and misleads domain owners with social engineering to obtain internal details of its network. What type of footprinting technique is employed by Richard? Question no 38: =============== Question no 39: While browsing his Facebook feed, Matt sees a picture one of his friends posted with the caption, "Learn more about your friends!", as well as a number of personal questions. Matt is suspicious and texts his friend, who confirms that he did indeed post it. With assurance that the post is legitimate, Matt responds to the questions on the post. A few days later, Matt's bank account has been accessed, and the password has been changed. What most likely happened? Question no 40: icolas just found a vulnerability on a public-facing system that is considered a zero-day vulnerability. He sent an email to the owner of the public system describing the problem and how the owner can protect themselves from that vulnerability. He also sent an email to Microsoft informing them of the problem that their systems are exposed to. What type of hacker is Nicolas? Question no 41: You start performing a penetration test against a specific website and have decided to start from grabbing all the links from the main page. What is the best Linux pipe to achieve your milestone? Question no 42: =============== Question no 43: =============== Identify the evasion technique used by Daniel in the above scenario. ==================================================================== Question no 44: =============== Which is this wireless security protocol? ========================================= Question no 45: Bella, a security professional working at an IT firm, finds that a security breach has occurred while transferring important files. Sensitive data, employee usernames, and passwords are shared in plaintext, paving the way for hackers to perform successful session hijacking. To address this situation, Bella implemented a protocol that sends data using encryption and digital certificates. Which of the following protocols is used by Bella? Question no 46: George is a security professional working for iTech Solutions. He was tasked with securely transferring sensitive data of the organization between industrial systems. In this process, he used a short-range communication protocol based on the IEEE 203.15.4 standard. This protocol is used in devices that transfer data infrequently at a low rate in a restricted area, within a range of 10--100 m. What is the short-range wireless communication technology George employed in the above scenario? Question no 47: =============== Which of the following regulations is mostly violated? ====================================================== Question no 48: Susan, a software developer, wants her web API to update other applications with the latest information. For this purpose, she uses a user-defined HTTP callback or push APIs that are raised based on trigger events; when invoked, this feature supplies data to other applications so that users can instantly receive real-time information. Which of the following techniques is employed by Susan? Question no 49: =============== Question no 50: =============== Identify the behavior of the adversary in the above scenario. ============================================================= Question no 1: You are using a public Wi-Fi network inside a coffee shop. Before surfing the web, you use your VPN to prevent intruders from sniffing your traffic. If you did not have a VPN, how would you identify whether someone is performing an ARP spoofing attack on your laptop? Question no 5: everox Solutions hired Arnold, a security professional, for the threat intelligence process. Arnold collected information about specific threats against the organization. From this information, he retrieved contextual information about security events and incidents that helped him disclose potential risks and gain insight into attacker methodologies. He collected the information from sources such as humans, social media, and chat rooms as well as from events that resulted in cyberattacks. In this process, he also prepared a report that includes identified malicious activities, recommended courses of action, and warnings for emerging attacks. What is the type of threat intelligence collected by Arnold in the above scenario? Question no 6: Larry, a security professional in an organization, has noticed some abnormalities in the user accounts on a web server. To thwart evolving attacks, he decided to harden the security of the web server by adopting a few countermeasures to secure the accounts on the web server. Which of the following countermeasures must Larry implement to secure the user accounts on the web server? Question no 7: Attacker Steve targeted an organization's network with the aim of redirecting the company's web traffic to another malicious website. To achieve this goal, Steve performed DNS cache poisoning by exploiting the vulnerabilities in the DNS server software and modified the original IP address of the target website to that of a fake website. What is the technique employed by Steve to gather information for identity theft? Question no 8: Eric, a cloud security engineer, implements a technique for securing the cloud resources used by his organization. This technique assumes by default that a user attempting to access the network is not an authentic entity and verifies every incoming connection before allowing access to the network. Using this technique, he also imposed conditions such that employees can access only the resources required for their role. What is the technique employed by Eric to secure cloud resources? Question no 9: Calvin, a software developer, uses a feature that helps him auto-generate the content of a web page without manual involvement and is integrated with SSI directives. This leads to a vulnerability in the developed web application as this feature accepts remote user inputs and uses them on the page. Hackers can exploit this feature and pass malicious SSI directives as input values to perform malicious activities such as modifying and erasing server files. What is the type of injection attack Calvin's web application is susceptible to? Question no 10: Alex, a cloud security engineer working in Eyecloud Inc. is tasked with isolating applications from the underlying infrastructure and stimulating communication via well-defined channels. For this purpose, he used an open-source technology that helped him in developing, packaging, and running applications; further, the technology provides PaaS through OS-level virtualization, delivers containerized software packages, and promotes fast software delivery. What is the cloud technology employed by Alex in the above scenario? Question no 11: Tony wants to integrate a 128-bit symmetric block cipher with key sizes of 128, 192, or 256 bits into a software program, which involves 32 rounds of computational operations that include substitution and permutation operations on four 32-bit word blocks using 8-variable S-boxes with 4-bit entry and 4-bit exit. Which of the following algorithms includes all the above features and can be integrated by Tony into the software program? Question no 12: Consider the following Nmap output: Starting Nmap X.XX (http://nmap.org) at XXX-XX-XX XX:XX EDT Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.42 Host is up (0.00023s latency). Not shown: 932 filtered ports, 56 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 21/tcp open ftp 22/tcp open ssh 25/tcp open smtp 53/tcp open domain 80/tcp open http 110/tcp open pop3 143/tcp open imap 443/tcp open https 465/tcp open smtps 587/tcp open submission 993/tcp open imaps 995/tcp open pop3s Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 3.90 seconds What command-line parameter could you use to determine the type and version number of the web server? Question no 13: Jack, a disgruntled ex-employee of Incalsol Ltd., decided to inject fileless malware into Incalsol's systems. To deliver the malware, he used the current employees' email IDs to send fraudulent emails embedded with malicious links that seem to be legitimate. When a victim employee clicks on the link, they are directed to a fraudulent website that automatically loads Flash and triggers the exploit. What is the technique used by Jack to launch the fileless malware on the target systems? Question no 14: Dayn, an attacker, wanted to detect if any honeypots are installed in a target network. For this purpose, he used a time-based TCP fingerprinting method to validate the response to a normal computer and the response of a honeypot to a manual SYN request. Which of the following techniques is employed by Dayn to detect honeypots? Question no 16: Henry is a penetration tester who works for XYZ organization. While performing enumeration on a client organization, he queries the DNS server for a specific cached DNS record. Further, by using this cached record, he determines the sites recently visited by the organization's user. What is the enumeration technique used by Henry on the organization? Question no 17: Robert, a professional hacker, is attempting to execute a fault injection attack on a target IoT device. In this process, he injects faults into the power supply that can be used for remote execution, also causing the skipping of key instructions. He also injects faults into the clock network used for delivering a synchronized signal across the chip. Which of the following types of fault injection attack is performed by Robert in the above scenario? Question no 18: John, a security analyst working for an organization, found a critical vulnerability on the organization's LAN that allows him to view financial and personal information about the rest of the employees. Before reporting the vulnerability, he examines the information shown by the vulnerability for two days without disclosing any information to third parties or other internal employees. He does so out of curiosity about the other employees and may take advantage of this information later. What would John be considered as? Question no 20: A "Server-Side Includes" attack refers to the exploitation of a web application by injecting scripts in HTML pages or executing arbitrary code remotely. Which web-page file type, if it exists on the web server, is a strong indication that the server is vulnerable to this kind of attack? Question no 25: Which type of malware spreads from one system to another or from one network to another and causes similar types of damage as viruses do to the infected system? Question no 26: Becky has been hired by a client from Dubai to perform a penetration test against one of their remote offices. Working from her location in Columbus, Ohio, Becky runs her usual reconnaissance scans to obtain basic information about their network. When analyzing the results of her Whois search, Becky notices that the IP was allocated to a location in Le Havre, France. Which regional Internet registry should Becky go to for detailed information? Question no 28: You are attempting to run an Nmap port scan on a web server. Which of the following commands would result in a scan of common ports with the least amount of noise in order to evade IDS? Question no 29: YHour organization has signed an agreement with a web hosting provider that requires you to take full responsibility of the maintenance of the cloud-based resources. Which of the following models covers this? Question no 31: Sophia is a shopping enthusiast who spends significant time searching for trendy outfits online. Clark, an attacker, noticed her activities several times and sent a fake email containing a deceptive page link to her social media page displaying all-new and trendy outfits. In excitement, Sophia clicked on the malicious link and logged in to that page using her valid credentials. Which of the following tools is employed by Clark to create the spoofed email? Question no 32: Ben purchased a new smartphone and received some updates on it through the OTA method. He received two messages: one with a PIN from the network operator and another asking him to enter the PIN received from the operator. As soon as he entered the PIN, the smartphone started functioning in an abnormal manner. What is the type of attack performed on Ben in the above scenario? Question no 35: Kevin, an encryption specialist, implemented a technique that enhances the security of keys used for encryption and authentication. Using this technique, Kevin input an initial key to an algorithm that generated an enhanced key that is resistant to brute-force attacks. What is the technique employed by Kevin to improve the security of encryption keys? Question no 37: Which type of attack attempts to overflow the content-addressable memory (CAM) table in an Ethernet switch? Question no 38: Jake, a professional hacker, installed spyware on a target iPhone to spy on the target user's activities. He can take complete control of the target mobile device by jailbreaking the device remotely and record audio, capture screenshots, and monitor all phone calls and SMS messages. What is the type of spyware that Jake used to infect the target device? Question no 39: Bob wants to ensure that Alice can check whether his message has been tampered with. He creates a checksum of the message and encrypts it using asymmetric cryptography. What key does Bob use to encrypt the checksum for accomplishing this goal? Question no 40: An attacker can employ many methods to perform social engineering against unsuspecting employees, including scareware. What is the best example of a scareware attack? Question no 42: Mason, a professional hacker, targets an organization and spreads Emotet malware through malicious script. After infecting the victim's device, Mason further used Emotet to spread the infection across local networks and beyond to compromise as many machines as possible. In this process, he used a tool, which is a self-extracting RAR file, to retrieve information related to network resources such as writable share drives. What is the tool employed by Mason in the above scenario? Question no 43: Which of the following web vulnerabilities would an attacker be attempting to exploit if they delivered the following input? \ \] \> Question no 44: An attacker decided to crack the passwords used by industrial control systems. In this process, he employed a loop strategy to recover these passwords. He used one character at a time to check whether the first character entered is correct; if so, he continued the loop for consecutive characters. If not, he terminated the loop. Furthermore, the attacker checked how much time the device took to finish one complete password authentication process, through which he deduced how many characters entered are correct. What is the attack technique employed by the attacker to crack the passwords of the industrial control systems? Question no 45: A penetration tester is performing the footprinting process and is reviewing publicly available information about an organization by using the Google search engine. Which of the following advanced operators would allow the pen tester to restrict the search to the organization's web domain? Question no 47: Miley, a professional hacker, decided to attack a target organization's network. To perform the attack, she used a tool to send fake ARP messages over the target network to link her MAC address with the target system's IP address. By performing this, Miley received messages directed to the victim's MAC address and further used the tool to intercept, steal, modify, and block sensitive communication to the target system. What is the tool employed by Miley to perform the above attack? BetterCAP Question no 48: Geena, a cloud architect, uses a master component in the Kubernetes cluster architecture that scans newly generated pods and allocates a node to them. This component can also assign nodes based on factors such as the overall resource requirement, data locality, software/hardware/policy restrictions, and internal workload interventions. Which of the following master components is explained in the above scenario? Question no 50: Joel, a professional hacker, targeted a company and identified the types of websites frequently visited by its employees. Using this information, he searched for possible loopholes in these websites and injected a malicious script that can redirect users from the web page and download malware onto a victim's machine. Joel waits for the victim to access the infected web application so as to compromise the victim's machine. Which of the following techniques is used by Joel in the above scenario? **Question no 1:** **Which wireless security protocol replaces the personal pre-shared key (PSK) authentication with Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) and is therefore resistant to offline dictionary attacks?** ZigBee Bluetooth WPA3-Personal WPA2-Enterprise **Question no 2:** **Rebecca, a security professional, wants to authenticate employees who use web services for safe and secure communication. In this process, she employs a component of the Web Service Architecture, which is an extension of SOAP, and it can maintain the integrity and confidentiality of SOAP messages.** **Which of the following components of the Web Service Architecture is used by Rebecca for securing the communication?** WS-Work Processes WS-Security WSDL WS-Policy **Question no 3:** **Your company was hired by a small healthcare provider to perform a technical assessment on the network.** **What is the best approach for discovering vulnerabilities on a Windows-based computer?** Use the built-in Windows Update tool Create a disk image of a clean Windows installation Check MITRE.org for the latest list of CVE findings Use a scan tool like Nessus **Question no 4:** **Sam, a web developer, was instructed to incorporate a hybrid encryption software program into a web application to secure email messages. Sam used an encryption software, which is a free implementation of the OpenPGP standard that uses both symmetric-key cryptography and asymmetric-key cryptography for improved speed and secure key exchange.** **What is the encryption software employed by Sam for securing the email messages?** GPG PGP SMTP S/MIME **Question no 5:** **Techno Security Inc. recently hired John as a penetration tester. He was tasked with identifying open ports in the target network and determining whether the ports are online and any firewall rule sets are encountered. John decided to perform a TCP SYN ping scan on the target network.** **Which of the following Nmap commands must John use to perform the TCP SYN ping scan?** nmap --sn --PA \< target IP address \> nmap --sn --PS \< target IP address \> nmap --sn --PO \< target IP address \> nmap --sn --PP \< target IP address \> **Question no 6:** **A group of hackers were roaming around a bank office building in a city, driving a luxury car. They were using hacking tools on their laptop with the intention to find a free-access wireless network. What is this hacking process known as?** Wardriving GPS mapping Wireless sniffing Spectrum analysis **Question no 7:** **What would be the purpose of running "wget 192.168.0.15 -q -S" against a web server?** Performing content enumeration on the web server to discover hidden folders Downloading all the contents of the web page locally for further examination Flooding the web server with requests to perform a DoS attack Using wget to perform banner grabbing on the webserver **Question no 8:** **CyberTech Inc. recently experienced SQL injection attacks on its official website. The company appointed Bob, a security professional, to build and incorporate defensive strategies against such attacks. Bob adopted a practice whereby only a list of entities such as the data type, range, size, and value, which have been approved for secured access, is accepted.** **What is the defensive technique employed by Bob in the above scenario?** Whitelist validation Blacklist validation Output encoding Enforce least privileges **Question no 9:** **John, a professional hacker, targeted CyberSol Inc., an MNC. He decided to discover the IoT devices connected in the target network that are using default credentials and are** **vulnerable to various hijacking attacks. For this purpose, he used an automated tool to scan the target network for specific types of IoT devices and detect whether they are using the default, factory-set credentials.** **What is the tool employed by John in the above scenario?** AT&T IoT Platform IoT Inspector Azure IoT Central IoTSeeker **Question no 10:** **A post-breach forensic investigation revealed that a known vulnerability in Apache Struts was to blame for the Equifax data breach that affected 143 million customers. A fix was available from the software vendor for several months prior to the intrusion. This is likely a failure in which of the following security processes?** Vendor risk management Patch management Secure development lifecycle Security awareness training **Question no 11:** **arry is a network administrator in an organization. He uses SNMP to manage networked devices from a remote location. To manage nodes in the network, he uses MIB, which contains formal descriptions of all network objects managed by SNMP. He accesses the contents of MIB by using a web browser either by entering the IP address and Lseries.mib or by entering the DNS library name and Lseries.mib. He is currently retrieving information from an MIB that contains object types for workstations and server services.** **Which of the following types of MIB is accessed by Garry in the above scenario?** WINS.MIB LNMIB2.MIB MIB\_II.MIB DHCP.MIB **Question no 12:** **The security team of Debry Inc. decided to upgrade Wi-Fi security to thwart attacks such as dictionary attacks and key recovery attacks. For this purpose, the security team started implementing cutting-edge technology that uses a modern key establishment protocol called the simultaneous authentication of equals (SAE), also known as dragonfly key exchange, which replaces the PSK concept.** **What is the Wi-Fi encryption technology implemented by Debry Inc.?** WPA3 WEP WPA WPA2 **Question no 13:** **Stella, a professional hacker, performs an attack on web services by exploiting a vulnerability that provides additional routing information in the SOAP header to support asynchronous communication. This further allows the transmission of web-service requests and response messages using different TCP connections.** **Which of the following attack techniques is used by Stella to compromise the web services?** Web services parsing attacks SOAPAction spoofing WS-Address spoofing XML injection **Question no 14:** **Mike, a security engineer, was recently hired by BigFox Ltd. The company recently experienced disastrous DoS attacks. The management had instructed Mike to build defensive strategies for the company's IT infrastructure to thwart DoS/DDoS attacks. Mike deployed some countermeasures to handle jamming and scrambling attacks.** **What is the countermeasure Mike applied to defend against jamming and scrambling attacks?** Implement cognitive radios in the physical layer Disable TCP SYN cookie protection Allow the usage of functions such as gets and strcpy Allow the transmission of all types of addressed packets at the ISP level **Question no 15:** **Attacker Rony installed a rogue access point within an organization\'s perimeter and** **attempted to intrude into its internal network. Johnson, a security auditor, identified some unusual traffic in the internal network that is aimed at cracking the authentication mechanism. He immediately turned off the targeted network and tested for any weak and outdated security mechanisms that are open to attack. What is the type of vulnerability assessment performed by Johnson in the above scenario?** Distributed assessment Wireless network assessment Application assessment [Host-based assessment] **Question no 16:** **In an attempt to damage the reputation of a competitor organization, Hailey, a professional hacker, gathers a list of employee and client email addresses and other related information by using various search engines, social networking sites, and web spidering tools. In this process, she also uses an automated tool to gather a list of words from the target website to further perform a brute-force attack on the previously gathered email addresses.** **What is the tool used by Hailey for gathering a list of words from the target website?** Orbot Shadowsocks CeWL Psiphon **Question no 17:** **Roma is a member of a security team. She was tasked with protecting the internal network of an organization from imminent threats. To accomplish this task, Roma fed threat intelligence into the security devices in a digital format to block and identify inbound and outbound malicious traffic entering the organization's network.** **Which type of threat intelligence is used by Roma to secure the internal network?** Technical threat intelligence Strategic threat intelligence Operational threat intelligence Tactical threat intelligence **Question no 18:** **Peter, a system administrator working at a reputed IT firm, decided to work from his home and login remotely. Later, he anticipated that the remote connection could be exposed to session hijacking. To curb this possibility, he implemented a technique that creates a safe and encrypted tunnel over a public network to securely send and receive sensitive information and prevent hackers from decrypting the data flow between the endpoints.** **What is the technique followed by Peter to send files securely through a remote connection?** Switch network SMB signing VPN DMZ **Question no 19:** **After an audit, the auditors inform you that there is a critical finding that you must tackle immediately. You read the audit report, and the problem is the service running on port 389. Which service is this and how can you tackle the problem?** The service is NTP, and you have to change it from UDP to TCP in order to encrypt it. The service is SMTP, and you must change it to SMIME, which is an encrypted way to send emails. The service is LDAP, and you must change it to 636, which is LDAPS. The findings do not require immediate actions and are only suggestions **Question no 20:** **Shiela is an information security analyst working at HiTech Security Solutions. She is performing service version discovery using Nmap to obtain information about the running services and their versions on a target system.** **Which of the following Nmap options must she use to perform service version discovery on the target host?** -sV -sN -sX -sF **Question no 21:** **Andrew is an Ethical Hacker who was assigned the task of discovering all the active devices hidden by a restrictive firewall in the IPv4 range in a given target network. Which of the following host discovery techniques must he use to perform the given task?** ACK flag probe scan UDP scan ARP ping scan TCP Maimon scan **Question no 22:** **Jude, a pen tester working in Keiltech Ltd., performs sophisticated security testing on his company's network infrastructure to identify security loopholes. In this process, he started to circumvent the network protection tools and firewalls used in the company. He employed a technique that can create forged TCP sessions by carrying out multiple SYN, ACK, and** **RST or FIN packets. Further, this process allowed Jude to execute DDoS attacks that can exhaust the network resources.** **What is the attack technique used by Jude for finding loopholes in the above scenario?** Ping-of-death attack UDP flood attack Peer-to-peer attack Spoofed session flood attack **Question no 23:** **Attacker Simon targeted the communication network of an organization and disabled the security controls of NetNTLMv1 by modifying the values of LMCompatibilityLevel,** **NTLMMinClientSec, and RestrictSendingNTLMTraffic. He then extracted all the nonnetwork logon tokens from all the active processes to masquerade as a legitimate user to** **launch further attacks.** **What is the type of attack performed by Simon?** Internal monologue attack Dictionary attack Rainbow table attack Combinator attack **Question no 24:** **louis, a professional hacker, had used specialized tools or search engines to encrypt all his browsing activity and navigate anonymously to obtain sensitive/hidden information about official government or federal databases. After gathering the information, he successfully performed an attack on the target government organization without being traced. Which of the following techniques is described in the above scenario?** Website footprinting VPN footprinting VoIP footprinting Dark web footprinting **Question no 25:** **Which of the following types of SQL injection attacks extends the results returned by the original query, enabling attackers to run two or more statements if they have the same structure as the original one?** Boolean-based blind SQL injection Blind SQL injection Error-based injection Union SQL injection **Question no 26:** **Stephen, an attacker, targeted the industrial control systems of an organization. He generated a fraudulent email with a malicious attachment and sent it to employees of the target organization. An employee who manages the sales software of the operational plant opened the fraudulent email and clicked on the malicious attachment. This resulted in the** **malicious attachment being downloaded and malware being injected into the sales software maintained in the victim's system. Further, the malware propagated itself to other networked systems, finally damaging the industrial automation components.** **What is the attack technique used by Stephen to damage the industrial systems?** HMI-based attack Spear-phishing attack Reconnaissance attack SMishing attack **Question no 27:** **What information security law or standard aims at protecting stakeholders and the general public from accounting errors and fraudulent activities within organizations?** FISMA ISO/IEC 27001:2013 PCI-DSS SOX **Question no 28:** **Which rootkit is characterized by its function of adding code and/or replacing some of the operating-system kernel code to obscure a backdoor on a system?** Library-level rootkit User-mode rootkit Kernel-level rootkit Hypervisor-level rootkit **Question no 29:** **Mirai malware targets IoT devices. After infiltration, it uses them to propagate and create botnets that are then used to launch which types of attack?** Birthday attack MITM attack Password attack DDoS attack **Question no 30:** **You have been authorized to perform a penetration test against a website. You want to use Google dorks to footprint the site but only want results that show file extensions. What Google dork operator would you use?** site ext inurl filetype **Question no 31:** **Ricardo has discovered the username for an application in his target\'s environment. As he has a limited amount of time, he decides to attempt to use a list of common passwords hefound on the Internet. He compiles them into a list and then feeds that list as an argument into his password-cracking application. What type of attack is Ricardo performing?** Brute force Known plaintext Password spraying Dictionary **Question no 32:** **George, an employee of an organization, is attempting to access restricted websites from an official computer. For this purpose, he used an anonymizer that masked his real IP address and ensured complete and continuous anonymity for all his online activities.** **Which of the following anonymizers helps George hide his activities?** [[http://www.guardster.com]](http://www.guardster.com/) https://[[www.wolframalpha.com]](http://www.wolframalpha.com/) https://[[www.baidu.com]](http://www.baidu.com/) [[http://karmadecay.com]](http://karmadecay.com/) **Question no 33:** **To hide the file on a Linux system, you have to start the filename with a specific character. What is the character?** Exclamation mark (!) Tilde (\~) Underscore (\_) Period (.) **Question no 34:** **An organization decided to harden its security against web-application and web-server attacks. John, a security personnel in the organization, employed a security scanner to automate web-application security testing and to guard the organization's web infrastructure against web-application threats. Using that tool, he also wants to detect XSS, directory transversal problems, fault injection, SQL injection, attempts to execute commands, and several other attacks.** **Which of the following security scanners will help John perform the above task?** Cisco ASA AlienVault® OSSIM™ Syhunt Hybrid Saleae Logic Analyzer **Question no 35:** **A bank stores and processes sensitive privacy information related to home loans. However, auditing has never been enabled on the system.** **What is the first step that the bank should take before enabling the audit feature?** Perform a cost/benefit analysis of the audit feature Determine the impact of enabling the audit feature Allocate funds for staffing of audit log review Perform a vulnerability scan of the system **Question no 36:** **Lewis, a professional hacker, targeted the IoT cameras and devices used by a target venturecapital firm. He used an information-gathering tool to collect information about the IoT** **devices connected to a network, open ports and services, and the attack surface area. Using this tool, he also generated statistical reports on broad usage patterns and trends. This tool helped Lewis continually monitor every reachable server and device on the Internet, further allowing him to exploit these devices in the network.** **Which of the following tools was employed by Lewis in the above scenario?** NeuVector Censys Lacework Wapiti **Question no 37:** **A security analyst uses Zenmap to perform an ICMP timestamp ping scan to acquire information related to the current time from the target host machine.** **Which of the following Zenmap options must the analyst use to perform the ICMP timestamp ping scan?** -PU -PP --PY -Pn **Question no 38:** **Gregory, a professional penetration tester working at Sys Security Ltd., is tasked with performing a security test of web applications used in the company. For this purpose, Gregory uses a tool to test for any security loopholes by hijacking a session between a client and server. This tool has a feature of intercepting proxy that can be used to inspect and modify the traffic between the browser and target application. This tool can also perform customized attacks and can be used to test the randomness of session tokens.** **Which of the following tools is used by Gregory in the above scenario?** Burp Suite Nmap Wireshark CxSAST **Question no 39:** **An attacker identified that a user and an access point are both compatible with WPA2 and WPA3 encryption. The attacker installed a rogue access point with only WPA2 compatibility in the vicinity and forced the victim to go through the WPA2 four-way handshake to get connected. After the connection was established, the attacker used automated tools to crack WPA2-encrypted messages.** **What is the attack performed in the above scenario?** Cache-based attack Timing-based attack Side-channel attack Downgrade security attack **Question no 40:** **This type of injection attack does not show any error message. It is difficult to exploit as it returns information when the application is given SQL payloads that elicit a true or false response from the server. By observing the response, an attacker can extract sensitive information.** **What type of attack is this?** Blind SQL injection Time-based SQL injection Error-based SQL injection Union SQL injection **Question no 41:** **You need to deploy a new web-based software package for your organization. The package requires three separate servers and needs to be available on the Internet.** **What is the recommended architecture in terms of server placement?** All three servers need to face the Internet so that they can communicate between themselves A web server facing the Internet, an application server on the internal network, a database server on the internal network All three servers need to be placed internally A web server and the database server facing the Internet, an application server on the internal network **Question no 42:** **Which of the following Google advanced search operators helps an attacker in gathering information about websites that are similar to a specified target URL?** \[info:\] \[inurl:\] \[site:\] \[related:\] **Question no 43:** **According to the NIST cloud deployment reference architecture, which of the following provides connectivity and transport services to consumers?** Cloud provider Cloud connector Cloud carrier Cloud broker **Question no 44:** **Upon establishing his new startup, Tom hired a cloud service provider (CSP) but was dissatisfied with their service and wanted to move to another CSP.** **What part of the contract might prevent him from doing so?** Virtualization Lock-in Lock-up Lock-down **Question no 45:** **Bill has been hired as a penetration tester and cyber security auditor for a major credit card company.** **Which information security standard is most applicable to his role?** PCI-DSS FISMA HITECH Sarbanes--Oxley Act **Question no 46:** **A newly joined employee, Janet, has been allocated an existing system used by a previous employee. Before issuing the system to Janet, it was assessed by Martin, the administrator. Martin found that there were possibilities of compromise through user directories, registries, and other system parameters. He also identified vulnerabilities such as native configuration tables, incorrect registry or file permissions, and software configuration errors.** **What is the type of vulnerability assessment performed by Martin?** Database assessment Distributed assessment Credentialed assessment Host-based assessment **Question no 47:** **Juliet, a security researcher in an organization, was tasked with checking for the authenticity of images to be used in the organization's magazines. She used these images as a search query and tracked the original source and details of the images, which included photographs,** **profile pictures, and memes.** **Which of the following footprinting techniques did Rachel use to finish her task?** Reverse image search Google advanced search Advanced image search Meta search engines **Question no 48:** **BitLocker encryption has been implemented for all the Windows-based computers in an organization. You are concerned that someone might lose their cryptographic key.** **Therefore, a mechanism was implemented to recover the keys from Active Directory. What is this mechanism called in cryptography?** Key renewal Key escrow Certificate rollover Key archival **Question no 49:** **Tony is a penetration tester tasked with performing a penetration test. After gaining initial access to a target system, he finds a list of hashed passwords.** **Which of the following tools would not be useful for cracking the hashed passwords?** Hashcat netcat THC-Hydra John the Rippe **Question no 50:** **Calvin, a grey-hat hacker, targets a web application that has design flaws in its authentication mechanism. He enumerates usernames from the login form of the web application, which requests users to feed data and specifies the incorrect field in case of invalid credentials. Later, Calvin uses this information to perform social engineering.** **Which of the following design flaws in the authentication mechanism is exploited by Calvin?** Insecure transmission of credentials Password reset mechanism Verbose failure messages User impersonation **Question no 51:** **Given below are different steps involved in the vulnerability-management life cycle.** 1. **Remediation** 2. **Identify assets and create a baseline** 3. 4. 5. 6. **Risk assessment** **Identify the correct sequence of steps involved in vulnerability management. Identify the correct sequence of steps involved in vulnerability management. 2\--\>5\--\>6\--\>1\--\>3\--\>4** 1\--\>2\--\>3\--\>4\--\>5\--\>6 2\--\>4\--\>5\--\>3\--\>6\--\>1 2\--\>1\--\>5\--\>6\--\>4\--\>3 **Question no 52:** **Jude, a pen tester, examined a network from a hacker's perspective to identify exploits and vulnerabilities accessible to the outside world by using devices such as firewalls, routers, and servers. In this process, he also estimated the threat of network security attacks and determined the level of security of the corporate network.** **What is the type of vulnerability assessment that Jude performed on the organization?** Application assessment Passive assessment External assessment Host-based assessment **Question no 53:** **An organization is performing a vulnerability assessment for mitigating threats. James, a** **pen tester, scanned the organization by building an inventory of the protocols found on the organization's machines to detect which ports are attached to services such as an email server, a web server, or a database server. After identifying the services, he selected the vulnerabilities on each machine and started executing only the relevant tests.** **What is the type of vulnerability assessment solution that James employed in the above scenario?** Product-based solutions Tree-based assessment Service-based solutions Inference-based assessmen **Question no 54:** **Morris, a professional hacker, performed a vulnerability scan on a target organization by sniffing the traffic on the network to identify the active systems, network services, applications, and vulnerabilities. He also obtained the list of the users who are currently accessing the network. What is the type of vulnerability assessment that Morris performed on the target organization?** External assessment Internal assessment Credentialed assessment Passive assessment **Question no 55:** **lante company has recently hired James as a penetration tester. He was tasked with performing enumeration on an organization's network. In the process of enumeration, James discovered a service that is accessible to external sources. This service runs directly on port 21.** **What is the service enumerated by James in the above scenario?** Network File System (NFS) Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Remote procedure call (RPC) File Transfer Protocol (FTP) **Question no 56:** **Clark, a professional hacker, attempted to perform a Btlejacking attack using an automated tool, BtleJack, and hardware tool, micro:bit. This attack allowed Clark to hijack, read, and export sensitive information shared between connected devices. To perform this attack, Clark executed various btlejack commands.** **Which of the following commands was used by Clark to hijack the connections?** btlejack -f 0x9c68fd30 -t -m 0x1fffffffff btlejack -c any btlejack -f 0x129f3244 -j btlejack -d /dev/ttyACM0 -d /dev/ttyACM2 - **Question no 57:** **Mary, a penetration tester, has found password hashes in a client system she managed to breach. She needs to use these passwords to continue with the test, but she does not have time to find the passwords that correspond to these hashes.** **Which type of attack can she implement in order to continue?** LLMNR/NBT-NS poisoning Internal monologue attack Pass the ticket Pass the hash **Question no 58:** **Richard, an attacker, targets an MNC. In this process, he uses a footprinting technique to gather as much information as possible. Using this technique, he gathers domain information such as the target domain name, contact details of its owner, expiry date, and creation date. With this information, he creates a map of the organization's network and misleads domain owners with social engineering to obtain internal details of its network.** **What type of footprinting technique is employed by Richard?** VoIP footprinting Whois footprinting VPN footprinting Email footprinting **Question no 59:** **Hackers often raise the trust level of a phishing message by modeling the email to look similar to the internal email used by the target company. This includes using logos, formatting, and names of the target company. The phishing message will often use the name of the company CEO, President, or Managers. The time a hacker spends performing** **research to locate this information about a company is known as?** Exploration Reconnaissance Investigation Enumeration **Question no 60:** **Thomas, a cloud security professional, is performing security assessment on cloud services to identify any loopholes. He detects a vulnerability in a bare-metal cloud server that can enable hackers to implant malicious backdoors in its firmware. He also identified that an installed backdoor can persist even if the server is reallocated to new clients or businesses that use it as an IaaS.** **What is the type of cloud attack that can be performed by exploiting the vulnerability discussed in the above scenario?** Cloudborne attack Cloud cryptojacking Man-in-the-cloud (MITC) attack Metadata spoofing attack **Question no 61:** **While performing an Nmap scan against a host, Paola determines the existence of a firewall. In an attempt to determine whether the firewall is stateful or stateless, which of the following** **options would be best to use?** -sT -sA -sX -sF **Question no 62:** **is a type of phishing that targets high-profile executives such as CEOs, CFOs, politicians, and celebrities who have access to confidential and highly valuable information. Whaling** Phishing Vishing Spear phishing **Question no 63:** **AWhat useful information is gathered during a successful Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) enumeration?** Reveals the daily outgoing message limits before mailboxes are locked The two internal commands VRFY and EXPN provide a confirmation of valid users, email addresses, aliases, and mailing lists. A list of all mail proxy server addresses used by the targeted host The internal command RCPT provides a list of ports open to message traffic **Question no 64:** **Kate dropped her phone and subsequently encountered an issue with the phone's internal speaker. Thus, she is using the phone's loudspeaker for phone calls and other activities. Bob, an attacker, takes advantage of this vulnerability and secretly exploits the hardware of** **Kate's phone so that he can monitor the loudspeaker's output from data sources such as voice assistants, multimedia messages, and audio files by using a malicious app to breach speech privacy.** **What is the type of attack Bob performed on Kate in the above scenario?** Spearphone attack Man-in-the-disk attack SIM card attack aLTEr attack **Question no 65:** **Morris, an attacker, wanted to check whether the target AP is in a locked state. He attempted using different utilities to identify WPS-enabled APs in the target wireless network.** **Ultimately, he succeeded with one special command-line utility.** **Which of the following command-line utilities allowed Morris to discover the WPS-enabled APs?** net view wash macof ntptrace **Question no 66:** **Samuel, a professional hacker, monitored and intercepted already established traffic** **between Bob and a host machine to predict Bob's ISN. Using this ISN, Samuel sent spoofed packets with Bob's IP address to the host machine. The host machine responded with a packet having an incremented ISN. Consequently, Bob's connection got hung, and Samuel was able to communicate with the host machine on behalf of Bob.** **What is the type of attack performed by Samuel in the above scenario?** TCP/IP hijacking Forbidden attack Blind hijacking UDP hijacking **Question no 67:** **Josh has finished scanning a network and has discovered multiple vulnerable services. He** **knows that several of these usually have protections against external sources but are frequently susceptible to internal users. He decides to draft an email, spoof the sender as the internal IT team, and attach a malicious file disguised as a financial spreadsheet. Before Josh sends the email, he decides to investigate other methods of getting the file onto the system. For this particular attempt, what was the last stage of the cyber kill chain that Josh performed?** Weaponization Exploitation Delivery Reconnaissanc **Question no 68:** **Jane is working as a security professional at CyberSol Inc. She was tasked with ensuring the authentication and integrity of messages being transmitted in the corporate network. To encrypt the messages, she implemented a security model in which every user in the network maintains a ring of public keys. In this model, a user needs to encrypt a message using the receiver's public key, and only the receiver can decrypt the message using their private key. What is the security model implemented by Jane to secure corporate messages?** Secure Socket Layer (SSL) Zero trust network Web of trust (WOT) Transport Layer Security (TLS) **Question no 69:** **Allen, a professional pen tester, was hired by XpertTech Solutions to perform an attack simulation on the organization's network resources. To perform the attack, he took advantage of the NetBIOS API and targeted the NetBIOS service. By enumerating NetBIOS,** **he found that port 139 was open and could see the resources that could be accessed or viewed on a remote system. He came across many NetBIOS codes during enumeration.** **Identify the NetBIOS code used for obtaining the messenger service running for the loggedin user?** \ \ \ \ **Question no 70:** **James is working as an ethical hacker at Technix Solutions. The management ordered James to discover how vulnerable its network is towards footprinting attacks. James took the help of an open-source framework for performing automated reconnaissance activities. This framework helped James in gathering information using free tools and resources.** **What is the framework used by James to conduct footprinting and reconnaissance activities?** WebSploit Framework OSINT framework SpeedPhish Framework Browser Exploitation Framework **Question no 71:** **Scenario: Joe turns on his home computer to access personal online banking. When he enters the URL [[www.bank.com,]](http://www.bank.com/) the website is displayed, but it prompts him to re-enter his credentials as if he has never visited the site before. When he examines the website URL closer, he finds that the site is not secure and the web address appears different.** **What type of attack he is experiencing?** DHCP spoofing DNS hijacking ARP cache poisoning DoS attack **Question no 72:** **Which of the following allows attackers to draw a map or outline the target organization's network infrastructure to know about the actual environment that they are going to hack. Malware analysis** Enumeration Scanning networks Vulnerability analysis