ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv12) 312-50v12 PDF

ECCouncil 312-50v12 Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv12) Version: 4.1 [ Total Questi...

ECCouncil 312-50v12 Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv12) Version: 4.1 [ Total Questions: 504] Web: www.marks4sure.com Email: [email protected] IMPORTANT NOTICE Feedback We have developed quality product and state-of-art service to ensure our customers interest. If you have any suggestions, please feel free to contact us at [email protected] Support If you have any questions about our product, please provide the following items: exam code screenshot of the question login id/email please contact us at [email protected] and our technical experts will provide support within 24 hours. Copyright The product of each order has its own encryption code, so you should use it independently. Any unauthorized changes will inflict legal punishment. We reserve the right of final explanation for this statement. Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 Exam Topic Breakdown Exam Topic Number of Questions Topic 1 : Exam Pool A 141 Topic 2 : Exam Pool B 182 Topic 3 : Exam Pool C 181 TOTAL 504 Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 1 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 Topic 1, Exam Pool A Question #:1 - (Exam Topic 1) Why should the security analyst disable/remove unnecessary ISAPI filters? A. To defend against social engineering attacks B. To defend against webserver attacks C. To defend against jailbreaking D. To defend against wireless attacks Answer: B Question #:2 - (Exam Topic 1) What is the proper response for a NULL scan if the port is open? A. SYN B. ACK C. FIN D. PSH E. RST F. No response Answer: F Question #:3 - (Exam Topic 1) One of your team members has asked you to analyze the following SOA record. What is the version? Rutgers.edu.SOA NS1.Rutgers.edu ipad.college.edu (200302028 3600 3600 604800 2400.) (Choose four.) A. 200303028 B. 3600 C. 604800 Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 2 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 D. 2400 E. 60 F. 4800 Answer: A Question #:4 - (Exam Topic 1) You are tasked to perform a penetration test. While you are performing information gathering, you find an employee list in Google. You find the receptionist’s email, and you send her an email changing the source email to her boss’s email (boss@company). In this email, you ask for a pdf with information. She reads your email and sends back a pdf with links. You exchange the pdf links with your malicious links (these links contain malware) and send back the modified pdf, saying that the links don’t work. She reads your email, opens the links, and her machine gets infected. You now have access to the company network. What testing method did you use? A. Social engineering B. Piggybacking C. Tailgating D. Eavesdropping Answer: A Explanation Social engineering is the term used for a broad range of malicious activities accomplished through human interactions. It uses psychological manipulation to trick users into making security mistakes or giving away sensitive information. Social engineering attacks typically involve some form of psychological manipulation, fooling otherwise unsuspecting users or employees into handing over confidential or sensitive data. Commonly, social engineering involves email or other communication that invokes urgency, fear, or similar emotions in the victim, leading the victim to promptly reveal sensitive information, click a malicious link, or open a malicious file. Because social engineering involves a human element, preventing these attacks can be tricky for enterprises. Question #:5 - (Exam Topic 1) Which type of security feature stops vehicles from crashing through the doors of a building? A. Bollards B. Receptionist C. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 3 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 C. Mantrap D. Turnstile Answer: A Question #:6 - (Exam Topic 1) Which of the following algorithms can be used to guarantee the integrity of messages being sent, in transit, or stored? A. symmetric algorithms B. asymmetric algorithms C. hashing algorithms D. integrity algorithms Answer: C Question #:7 - (Exam Topic 1) Identify the UDP port that Network Time Protocol (NTP) uses as its primary means of communication? A. 113 B. 69 C. 123 D. 161 Answer: C Explanation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol for clock synchronization between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks. NTP is intended to synchronize all participating computers within a few milliseconds of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). It uses the intersection algorithm, a modified version of Marzullo's algorithm, to select accurate time servers and is designed to mitigate variable network latency effects. NTP can usually maintain time to within tens of milliseconds over the public Internet and achieve better than one millisecond accuracy in local area networks. Asymmetric routes and network congestion can cause errors of 100 ms or more. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 4 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 The protocol is usually described in terms of a client-server model but can easily be used in peer-to-peer relationships where both peers consider the other to be a potential time source. Implementations send and receive timestamps using the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) on port number 123. Question #:8 - (Exam Topic 1) Bob is acknowledged as a hacker of repute and is popular among visitors of "underground" sites. Bob is willing to share his knowledge with those who are willing to learn, and many have expressed their interest in learning from him. However, this knowledge has a risk associated with it, as it can be used for malevolent attacks as well. In this context, what would be the most effective method to bridge the knowledge gap between the "black" hats or crackers and the "white" hats or computer security professionals? (Choose the test answer.) A. Educate everyone with books, articles and training on risk analysis, vulnerabilities and safeguards. B. Hire more computer security monitoring personnel to monitor computer systems and networks. C. Make obtaining either a computer security certification or accreditation easier to achieve so more individuals feel that they are a part of something larger than life. D. Train more National Guard and reservist in the art of computer security to help out in times of emergency or crises. Answer: A Question #:9 - (Exam Topic 1) Which mode of IPSec should you use to assure security and confidentiality of data within the same LAN? A. ESP transport mode B. ESP confidential C. AH permiscuous D. AH Tunnel mode Answer: A Question #:10 - (Exam Topic 1) What is the minimum number of network connections in a multihomed firewall? A. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 5 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 A. 3 B. 5 C. 4 D. 2 Answer: A Question #:11 - (Exam Topic 1) Steve, a scientist who works in a governmental security agency, developed a technological solution to identify people based on walking patterns and implemented this approach to a physical control access. A camera captures people walking and identifies the individuals using Steve’s approach. After that, people must approximate their RFID badges. Both the identifications are required to open the door. In this case, we can say: A. Although the approach has two phases, it actually implements just one authentication factor B. The solution implements the two authentication factors: physical object and physical characteristic C. The solution will have a high level of false positives D. Biological motion cannot be used to identify people Answer: B Question #:12 - (Exam Topic 1) You are the Network Admin, and you get a complaint that some of the websites are no longer accessible. You try to ping the servers and find them to be reachable. Then you type the IP address and then you try on the browser, and find it to be accessible. But they are not accessible when you try using the URL. What may be the problem? A. Traffic is Blocked on UDP Port 53 B. Traffic is Blocked on TCP Port 80 C. Traffic is Blocked on TCP Port 54 D. Traffic is Blocked on UDP Port 80 Answer: A Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 6 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 Explanation Most likely have an issue with DNS. DNS stands for “Domain Name System.” It’s a system that lets you connect to websites by matching human-readable domain names (like example.com) with the server's unique ID where a website is stored. Think of the DNS system as the internet’s phonebook. It lists domain names with their corresponding identifiers called IP addresses, instead of listing people’s names with their phone numbers. When a user enters a domain name like wpbeginner.com on their device, it looks up the IP address and connects them to the physical location where that website is stored. NOTE: Often DNS lookup information will be cached locally inside the querying computer or remotely in the DNS infrastructure. There are typically 8 steps in a DNS lookup. When DNS information is cached, steps are skipped from the DNS lookup process, making it quicker. The example below outlines all 8 steps when nothing is cached. The 8 steps in a DNS lookup: 1. A user types ‘example.com’ into a web browser, and the query travels into the Internet and is received by a DNS recursive resolver; 2. The resolver then queries a DNS root nameserver; 3. The root server then responds to the resolver with the address of a Top-Level Domain (TLD) DNS server (such as.com or.net), which stores the information for its domains. When searching for example.com, our request is pointed toward the.com TLD; 4. The resolver then requests the.com TLD; 5. The TLD server then responds with the IP address of the domain’s nameserver, example.com; 6. Lastly, the recursive resolver sends a query to the domain’s nameserver; 7. The IP address for example.com is then returned to the resolver from the nameserver; 8. The DNS resolver then responds to the web browser with the IP address of the domain requested initially; Once the 8 steps of the DNS lookup have returned the IP address for example.com, the browser can request the web page: 9. The browser makes an HTTP request to the IP address; 10. The server at that IP returns the webpage to be rendered in the browser. NOTE 2: DNS primarily uses the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) on port number 53 to serve requests. And if this port is blocked, then a problem arises already in the first step. But the ninth step is performed without problems. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 7 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 Question #:13 - (Exam Topic 1) A bank stores and processes sensitive privacy information related to home loans. However, auditing has never been enabled on the system. What is the first step that the bank should take before enabling the audit feature? A. Perform a vulnerability scan of the system. B. Determine the impact of enabling the audit feature. C. Perform a cost/benefit analysis of the audit feature. D. Allocate funds for staffing of audit log review. Answer: B Question #:14 - (Exam Topic 1) User A is writing a sensitive email message to user B outside the local network. User A has chosen to use PKI to secure his message and ensure only user B can read the sensitive email. At what layer of the OSI layer does the encryption and decryption of the message take place? A. Application B. Transport C. Session D. Presentation Answer: D Explanation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentation_layer In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the presentation layer is layer 6 and serves as the data translator for the network. It is sometimes called the syntax layer. The presentation layer is responsible for the formatting and delivery of information to the application layer for further processing or display. Encryption is typically done at this level too, although it can be done on the application, session, transport, or network layers, each having its own advantages and disadvantages. Decryption is also handled at the presentation layer. For example, when logging on to bank account sites the presentation layer will decrypt the data as it is received. Question #:15 - (Exam Topic 1) Which of the following tools is used to detect wireless LANs using the 802.11a/b/g/n WLAN standards on a linux platform? Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 8 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 A. Kismet B. Abel C. Netstumbler D. Nessus Answer: A Explanation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismet_(software) Kismet is a network detector, packet sniffer, and intrusion detection system for 802.11 wireless LANs. Kismet will work with any wireless card which supports raw monitoring mode, and can sniff 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n traffic. Question #:16 - (Exam Topic 1) A user on your Windows 2000 network has discovered that he can use L0phtcrack to sniff the SMB exchanges which carry user logons. The user is plugged into a hub with 23 other systems. However, he is unable to capture any logons though he knows that other users are logging in. What do you think is the most likely reason behind this? A. There is a NIDS present on that segment. B. Kerberos is preventing it. C. Windows logons cannot be sniffed. D. L0phtcrack only sniffs logons to web servers. Answer: B Question #:17 - (Exam Topic 1) One of your team members has asked you to analyze the following SOA record. What is the TTL? Rutgers.edu.SOA NS1.Rutgers.edu ipad.college.edu (200302028 3600 3600 604800 2400.) A. 200303028 B. 3600 C. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 9 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 C. 604800 D. 2400 E. 60 F. 4800 Answer: D Question #:18 - (Exam Topic 1) Which DNS resource record can indicate how long any "DNS poisoning" could last? A. MX B. SOA C. NS D. TIMEOUT Answer: B Question #:19 - (Exam Topic 1) Which of the following is a low-tech way of gaining unauthorized access to systems? A. Social Engineering B. Eavesdropping C. Scanning D. Sniffing Answer: A Question #:20 - (Exam Topic 1) Which of the following is a component of a risk assessment? A. Administrative safeguards B. Physical security Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 10 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 C. DMZ D. Logical interface Answer: A Question #:21 - (Exam Topic 1) Let's imagine three companies (A, B and C), all competing in a challenging global environment. Company A and B are working together in developing a product that will generate a major competitive advantage for them. Company A has a secure DNS server while company B has a DNS server vulnerable to spoofing. With a spoofing attack on the DNS server of company B, company C gains access to outgoing e-mails from company B. How do you prevent DNS spoofing? A. Install DNS logger and track vulnerable packets B. Disable DNS timeouts C. Install DNS Anti-spoofing D. Disable DNS Zone Transfer Answer: C Question #:22 - (Exam Topic 1) To determine if a software program properly handles a wide range of invalid input, a form of automated testing can be used to randomly generate invalid input in an attempt to crash the program. What term is commonly used when referring to this type of testing? A. Randomizing B. Bounding C. Mutating D. Fuzzing Answer: D Question #:23 - (Exam Topic 1) A large company intends to use Blackberry for corporate mobile phones and a security analyst is assigned to Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 11 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 evaluate the possible threats. The analyst will use the Blackjacking attack method to demonstrate how an attacker could circumvent perimeter defenses and gain access to the Prometric Online Testing – Reports https://ibt1.prometric.com/users/custom/report_queue/rq_str... corporate network. What tool should the analyst use to perform a Blackjacking attack? A. Paros Proxy B. BBProxy C. Blooover D. BBCrack Answer: B Question #:24 - (Exam Topic 1) The change of a hard drive failure is once every three years. The cost to buy a new hard drive is $300. It will require 10 hours to restore the OS and software to the new hard disk. It will require a further 4 hours to restore the database from the last backup to the new hard disk. The recovery person earns $10/hour. Calculate the SLE, ARO, and ALE. Assume the EF = 1(100%). What is the closest approximate cost of this replacement and recovery operation per year? A. $1320 B. $440 C. $100 D. $146 Answer: D Explanation 1. AV (Asset value) = $300 + (14 * $10) = $440 - the cost of a hard drive plus the work of a recovery person, i.e.how much would it take to replace 1 asset? 10 hours for resorting the OS and soft + 4 hours for DB restore multiplies by hourly rate of the recovery person. 2. SLE (Single Loss Expectancy) = AV * EF (Exposure Factor) = $440 * 1 = $440 3. ARO (Annual rate of occurrence) = 1/3 (every three years, meaning the probability of occurring during 1 years is 1/3) 4. ALE (Annual Loss Expectancy) = SLE * ARO = 0.33 * $440 = $145.2 Question #:25 - (Exam Topic 1) Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 12 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 Which of the following is a command line packet analyzer similar to GUI-based Wireshark? A. nessus B. tcpdump C. ethereal D. jack the ripper Answer: B Explanation Tcpdump is a data-network packet analyzer computer program that runs under a command-line interface. It allows the user to display TCP/IP and other packets being transmitted or received over a network to which the computer is attached. Distributed under the BSD license, tcpdump is free software. https://www.wireshark.org/ Wireshark is a free and open-source packet analyzer. It is used for network troubleshooting, analysis, software and communications protocol development, and education. NOTE: Wireshark is very similar to tcpdump, but has a graphical front-end, plus some integrated sorting and filtering options. Question #:26 - (Exam Topic 1) Bob, a system administrator at TPNQM SA, concluded one day that a DMZ is not needed if he properly configures the firewall to allow access just to servers/ports, which can have direct internet access, and block the access to workstations. Bob also concluded that DMZ makes sense just when a stateful firewall is available, which is not the case of TPNQM SA. In this context, what can you say? A. Bob can be right since DMZ does not make sense when combined with stateless firewalls B. Bob is partially right. He does not need to separate networks if he can create rules by destination IPs, one by one C. Bob is totally wrong. DMZ is always relevant when the company has internet servers and workstations D. Bob is partially right. DMZ does not make sense when a stateless firewall is available Answer: C Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 13 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 Question #:27 - (Exam Topic 1) “........is an attack type for a rogue Wi-Fi access point that appears to be a legitimate one offered on the premises, but actually has been set up to eavesdrop on wireless communications. It is the wireless version of the phishing scam. An attacker fools wireless users into connecting a laptop or mobile phone to a tainted hot-spot by posing as a legitimate provider. This type of attack may be used to steal the passwords of unsuspecting users by either snooping the communication link or by phishing, which involves setting up a fraudulent web site and luring people there.” Fill in the blank with appropriate choice. A. Evil Twin Attack B. Sinkhole Attack C. Collision Attack D. Signal Jamming Attack Answer: A Explanation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evil_twin_(wireless_networks) An evil twin attack is a hack attack in which a hacker sets up a fake Wi-Fi network that looks like a legitimate access point to steal victims’ sensitive details. Most often, the victims of such attacks are ordinary people like you and me. The attack can be performed as a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack. The fake Wi-Fi access point is used to eavesdrop on users and steal their login credentials or other sensitive information. Because the hacker owns the equipment being used, the victim will have no idea that the hacker might be intercepting things like bank transactions. An evil twin access point can also be used in a phishing scam. In this type of attack, victims will connect to the evil twin and will be lured to a phishing site. It will prompt them to enter their sensitive data, such as their login details. These, of course, will be sent straight to the hacker. Once the hacker gets them, they might simply disconnect the victim and show that the server is temporarily unavailable. ADDITION: It may not seem obvious what happened. The problem is in the question statement. The attackers were not Alice and John, who were able to connect to the network without a password, but on the contrary, they were attacked and forced to connect to a fake network, and not to the real network belonging to Jane. Question #:28 - (Exam Topic 1) DHCP snooping is a great solution to prevent rogue DHCP servers on your network. Which security feature on switchers leverages the DHCP snooping database to help prevent man-in-the-middle attacks? A. Spanning tree Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 14 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 B. Dynamic ARP Inspection (DAI) C. Port security D. Layer 2 Attack Prevention Protocol (LAPP) Answer: B Explanation Dynamic ARP inspection (DAI) protects switching devices against Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) packet spoofing (also known as ARP poisoning or ARP cache poisoning). DAI inspects ARPs on the LAN and uses the information in the DHCP snooping database on the switch to validate ARP packets and to protect against ARP spoofing. ARP requests and replies are compared against entries in the DHCP snooping database, and filtering decisions are made based on the results of those comparisons. When an attacker tries to use a forged ARP packet to spoof an address, the switch compares the address with entries in the database. If the media access control (MAC) address or IP address in the ARP packet does not match a valid entry in the DHCP snooping database, the packet is dropped. Question #:29 - (Exam Topic 1) During a black-box pen test you attempt to pass IRC traffic over port 80/TCP from a compromised web enabled host. The traffic gets blocked; however, outbound HTTP traffic is unimpeded. What type of firewall is inspecting outbound traffic? A. Circuit B. Stateful C. Application D. Packet Filtering Answer: C Explanation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is an application layer protocol that facilitates communication in text. The chat process works on a client/server networking model. IRC clients are computer programs that users can install on their system or web-based applications running either locally in the browser or on a third-party server. These clients communicate with chat servers to transfer messages to other clients. IRC is a plaintext protocol that is officially assigned port 194, according to IANA. However, running the service on this port requires running it with root-level permissions, which is inadvisable. As a result, the well-known port for IRC is 6667, a high-number port that does not require elevated privileges. However, an IRC server can also be configured to run on other ports as well. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 15 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 You can't tell if an IRC server is designed to be malicious solely based on port number. Still, if you see an IRC server running on port a WKP such as 80, 8080, 53, 443, it's almost always going to be malicious; the only real reason for IRCD to be running on port 80 is to try to evade firewalls. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_firewall An application firewall is a form of firewall that controls input/output or system calls of an application or service. It operates by monitoring and blocking communications based on a configured policy, generally with predefined rule sets to choose from. The application firewall can control communications up to the OSI model's application layer, which is the highest operating layer, and where it gets its name. The two primary categories of application firewalls are network-based and host-based. Application layer filtering operates at a higher level than traditional security appliances. This allows packet decisions to be made based on more than just source/destination IP Addresses or ports. It can also use information spanning across multiple connections for any given host. Network-based application firewalls Network-based application firewalls operate at the application layer of a TCP/IP stack. They can understand certain applications and protocols such as File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Domain Name System (DNS), or Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). This allows it to identify unwanted applications or services using a non-standard port or detect if an allowed protocol is being abused. Host-based application firewalls A host-based application firewall monitors application system calls or other general system communication. This gives more granularity and control but is limited to only protecting the host it is running on. Control is applied by filtering on a per-process basis. Generally, prompts are used to define rules for processes that have not yet received a connection. Further filtering can be done by examining the process ID of the owner of the data packets. Many host-based application firewalls are combined or used in conjunction with a packet filter. Question #:30 - (Exam Topic 1) is a set of extensions to DNS that provide the origin authentication of DNS data to DNS clients (resolvers) so as to reduce the threat of DNS poisoning, spoofing, and similar types of attacks. A. DNSSEC B. Resource records C. Resource transfer D. Zone transfer Answer: A Explanation The Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) is a suite of Internet Engineering Task Force Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 16 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 (IETF) specifications for securing certain kinds of information provided by DNS for use on IP networks. DNSSEC is a set of extensions to DNS provide to DNS clients (resolvers) origin authentication of DNS data, authenticated denial of existence, and data integrity, but not availability or confidentiality. DNSSEC is necessary because the original DNS design did not include security but was designed to be a scalable distributed system. DNSSEC adds security while maintaining backward compatibility. Question #:31 - (Exam Topic 1) Which address translation scheme would allow a single public IP address to always correspond to a single machine on an internal network, allowing "server publishing"? A. Overloading Port Address Translation B. Dynamic Port Address Translation C. Dynamic Network Address Translation D. Static Network Address Translation Answer: D Question #:32 - (Exam Topic 1) The company ABC recently contracts a new accountant. The accountant will be working with the financial statements. Those financial statements need to be approved by the CFO and then they will be sent to the accountant but the CFO is worried because he wants to be sure that the information sent to the accountant was not modified once he approved it. Which of the following options can be useful to ensure the integrity of the data? A. The CFO can use a hash algorithm in the document once he approved the financial statements B. The CFO can use an excel file with a password C. The financial statements can be sent twice, one by email and the other delivered in USB and the accountant can compare both to be sure is the same document D. The document can be sent to the accountant using an exclusive USB for that document Answer: A Question #:33 - (Exam Topic 1) Which regulation defines security and privacy controls for Federal information systems and organizations? A. HIPAA B. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 17 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 B. EU Safe Harbor C. PCI-DSS D. NIST-800-53 Answer: D Explanation NIST Special Publication 800-53 provides a catalog of security and privacy controls for all U.S. federal information systems except those related to national security. It is published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, which is a non-regulatory agency of the United States Department of Commerce. NIST develops and issues standards, guidelines, and other publications to assist federal agencies in implementing the Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014 (FISMA) and to help with managing cost-effective programs to protect their information and information systems. Question #:34 - (Exam Topic 1) Which results will be returned with the following Google search query? site:target.com – site:Marketing.target.com accounting A. Results from matches on the site marketing.target.com that are in the domain target.com but do not include the word accounting. B. Results matching all words in the query. C. Results for matches on target.com and Marketing.target.com that include the word “accounting” D. Results matching “accounting” in domain target.com but not on the site Marketing.target.com Answer: D Question #:35 - (Exam Topic 1) Which system consists of a publicly available set of databases that contain domain name registration contact information? A. WHOIS B. CAPTCHA C. IANA D. IETF Answer: A Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 18 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 Question #:36 - (Exam Topic 1) What is a NULL scan? A. A scan in which all flags are turned off B. A scan in which certain flags are off C. A scan in which all flags are on D. A scan in which the packet size is set to zero E. A scan with an illegal packet size Answer: A Question #:37 - (Exam Topic 1) What did the following commands determine? A. That the Joe account has a SID of 500 B. These commands demonstrate that the guest account has NOT been disabled C. These commands demonstrate that the guest account has been disabled D. That the true administrator is Joe E. Issued alone, these commands prove nothing Answer: D Question #:38 - (Exam Topic 1) Which of the following tools performs comprehensive tests against web servers, including dangerous files and CGIs? A. Nikto B. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 19 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 B. John the Ripper C. Dsniff D. Snort Answer: A Explanation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikto_(vulnerability_scanner) Nikto is a free software command-line vulnerability scanner that scans web servers for dangerous files/CGIs, outdated server software, and other problems. It performs generic and server types specific checks. It also captures and prints any cookies received. The Nikto code itself is free software, but the data files it uses to drive the program are not. Question #:39 - (Exam Topic 1) A network administrator discovers several unknown files in the root directory of his Linux FTP server. One of the files is a tarball, two are shell script files, and the third is a binary file is named "nc." The FTP server's access logs show that the anonymous user account logged in to the server, uploaded the files, and extracted the contents of the tarball and ran the script using a function provided by the FTP server's software. The “ps” command shows that the “nc” file is running as process, and the netstat command shows the “nc” process is listening on a network port. What kind of vulnerability must be present to make this remote attack possible? A. File system permissions B. Privilege escalation C. Directory traversal D. Brute force login Answer: A Explanation File system permissions Processes may automatically execute specific binaries as part of their functionality or to perform other actions. If the permissions on the file system directory containing a target binary, or permissions on the binary itself, are improperly set, then the target binary may be overwritten with another binary using user-level permissions and executed by the original process. If the original process and thread are running under a higher permissions level, then the replaced binary will also execute under higher-level permissions, which could include SYSTEM. Adversaries may use this technique to replace legitimate binaries with malicious ones as a means of executing Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 20 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 code at a higher permissions level. If the executing process is set to run at a specific time or during a certain event (e.g., system bootup) then this technique can also be used for persistence. Question #:40 - (Exam Topic 1) An attacker with access to the inside network of a small company launches a successful STP manipulation attack. What will he do next? A. He will create a SPAN entry on the spoofed root bridge and redirect traffic to his computer. B. He will activate OSPF on the spoofed root bridge. C. He will repeat this action so that it escalates to a DoS attack. D. He will repeat the same attack against all L2 switches of the network. Answer: A Question #:41 - (Exam Topic 1) A hacker is an intelligent individual with excellent computer skills and the ability to explore a computer’s software and hardware without the owner’s permission. Their intention can either be to simply gain knowledge or to illegally make changes. Which of the following class of hacker refers to an individual who works both offensively and defensively at various times? A. White Hat B. Suicide Hacker C. Gray Hat D. Black Hat Answer: C Question #:42 - (Exam Topic 1) The establishment of a TCP connection involves a negotiation called three-way handshake. What type of message does the client send to the server in order to begin this negotiation? A. ACK B. SYN C. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 21 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 C. RST D. SYN-ACK Answer: B Question #:43 - (Exam Topic 1) Why would you consider sending an email to an address that you know does not exist within the company you are performing a Penetration Test for? A. To determine who is the holder of the root account B. To perform a DoS C. To create needless SPAM D. To illicit a response back that will reveal information about email servers and how they treat undeliverable mail E. To test for virus protection Answer: D Question #:44 - (Exam Topic 1) Shellshock allowed an unauthorized user to gain access to a server. It affected many Internet-facing services, which OS did it not directly affect? A. Linux B. Unix C. OS X D. Windows Answer: D Question #:45 - (Exam Topic 1) While using your bank’s online servicing you notice the following string in the URL bar: “http: // www. MyPersonalBank. com/ account?id=368940911028389&Damount=10980&Camount=21” Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 22 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 You observe that if you modify the Damount & Camount values and submit the request, that data on the web page reflects the changes. Which type of vulnerability is present on this site? A. Cookie Tampering B. SQL Injection C. Web Parameter Tampering D. XSS Reflection Answer: C Question #:46 - (Exam Topic 1) An incident investigator asks to receive a copy of the event logs from all firewalls, proxy servers, and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) on the network of an organization that has experienced a possible breach of security. When the investigator attempts to correlate the information in all of the logs, the sequence of many of the logged events do not match up. What is the most likely cause? A. The network devices are not all synchronized. B. Proper chain of custody was not observed while collecting the logs. C. The attacker altered or erased events from the logs. D. The security breach was a false positive. Answer: A Explanation Many network and system administrators don't pay enough attention to system clock accuracy and time synchronization. Computer clocks can run faster or slower over time, batteries and power sources die, or daylight-saving time changes are forgotten. Sure, there are many more pressing security issues to deal with, but not ensuring that the time on network devices is synchronized can cause problems. And these problems often only come to light after a security incident. If you suspect a hacker is accessing your network, for example, you will want to analyze your log files to look for any suspicious activity. If your network's security devices do not have synchronized times, the timestamps' inaccuracy makes it impossible to correlate log files from different sources. Not only will you have difficulty in tracking events, but you will also find it difficult to use such evidence in court; you won't be able to illustrate a smooth progression of events as they occurred throughout your network. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 23 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 Question #:47 - (Exam Topic 1) PGP, SSL, and IKE are all examples of which type of cryptography? A. Digest B. Secret Key C. Public Key D. Hash Algorithm Answer: C Question #:48 - (Exam Topic 1) A network admin contacts you. He is concerned that ARP spoofing or poisoning might occur on his network. What are some things he can do to prevent it? Select the best answers. A. Use port security on his switches. B. Use a tool like ARPwatch to monitor for strange ARP activity. C. Use a firewall between all LAN segments. D. If you have a small network, use static ARP entries. E. Use only static IP addresses on all PC's. Answer: A B D Question #:49 - (Exam Topic 1) What is the purpose of a demilitarized zone on a network? A. To scan all traffic coming through the DMZ to the internal network B. To only provide direct access to the nodes within the DMZ and protect the network behind it C. To provide a place to put the honeypot D. To contain the network devices you wish to protect Answer: B Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 24 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 Question #:50 - (Exam Topic 1) What is the way to decide how a packet will move from an untrusted outside host to a protected inside that is behind a firewall, which permits the hacker to determine which ports are open and if the packets can pass through the packet-filtering of the firewall? A. Session hijacking B. Firewalking C. Man-in-the middle attack D. Network sniffing Answer: B Question #:51 - (Exam Topic 1) Which of the following represents the initial two commands that an IRC client sends to join an IRC network? A. USER, NICK B. LOGIN, NICK C. USER, PASS D. LOGIN, USER Answer: A Question #:52 - (Exam Topic 1) Which of the following incident handling process phases is responsible for defining rules, collaborating human workforce, creating a back-up plan, and testing the plans for an organization? A. Preparation phase B. Containment phase C. Identification phase D. Recovery phase Answer: A Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 25 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 Question #:53 - (Exam Topic 1) Peter extracts the SIDs list from Windows 2000 Server machine using the hacking tool "SIDExtractor". Here is the output of the SIDs: From the above list identify the user account with System Administrator privileges. A. John B. Rebecca C. Sheela D. Shawn E. Somia F. Chang G. Micah Answer: F Question #:54 - (Exam Topic 1) Your company performs penetration tests and security assessments for small and medium-sized business in the local area. During a routine security assessment, you discover information that suggests your client is involved with human trafficking. What should you do? A. Confront the client in a respectful manner and ask her about the data. B. Copy the data to removable media and keep it in case you need it. C. Ignore the data and continue the assessment until completed as agreed. D. Immediately stop work and contact the proper legal authorities. Answer: D Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 26 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 Question #:55 - (Exam Topic 1) What is not a PCI compliance recommendation? A. Use a firewall between the public network and the payment card data. B. Use encryption to protect all transmission of card holder data over any public network. C. Rotate employees handling credit card transactions on a yearly basis to different departments. D. Limit access to card holder data to as few individuals as possible. Answer: C Explanation https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/pci_security/maintaining_payment_security Build and Maintain a Secure Network 1. Install and maintain a firewall configuration to protect cardholder data. 2. Do not use vendor-supplied defaults for system passwords and other security parameters. Protect Cardholder Data 3. Protect stored cardholder data. 4. Encrypt transmission of cardholder data across open, public networks. Maintain a Vulnerability Management Program 5. Use and regularly update anti-virus software or programs. 6. Develop and maintain secure systems and applications. Implement Strong Access Control Measures 7. Restrict access to cardholder data by business need-to-know. 8. Assign a unique ID to each person with computer access. 9. Restrict physical access to cardholder data. Regularly Monitor and Test Networks 10. Track and monitor all access to network resources and cardholder data. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 27 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 11. Regularly test security systems and processes. Maintain an Information Security Policy 12. Maintain a policy that addresses information security for employees and contractors. Question #:56 - (Exam Topic 1) CompanyXYZ has asked you to assess the security of their perimeter email gateway. From your office in New York, you craft a specially formatted email message and send it across the Internet to an employee of CompanyXYZ. The employee of CompanyXYZ is aware of your test. Your email message looks like this: From: [email protected] To: [email protected] Subject: Test message Date: 4/3/2017 14:37 The employee of CompanyXYZ receives your email message. This proves that CompanyXYZ’s email gateway doesn’t prevent what? A. Email Masquerading B. Email Harvesting C. Email Phishing D. Email Spoofing Answer: D Explanation Email spoofing is the fabrication of an email header in the hopes of duping the recipient into thinking the email originated from someone or somewhere other than the intended source. Because core email protocols do not have a built-in method of authentication, it is common for spam and phishing emails to use said spoofing to trick the recipient into trusting the origin of the message. The ultimate goal of email spoofing is to get recipients to open, and possibly even respond to, a solicitation. Although the spoofed messages are usually just a nuisance requiring little action besides removal, the more malicious varieties can cause significant problems and sometimes pose a real security threat. Question #:57 - (Exam Topic 1) A technician is resolving an issue where a computer is unable to connect to the Internet using a wireless access point. The computer is able to transfer files locally to other machines, but cannot successfully reach the Internet. When the technician examines the IP address and default gateway they are both on the 192.168.1.0/24. Which of the following has occurred? Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 28 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 A. The computer is not using a private IP address. B. The gateway is not routing to a public IP address. C. The gateway and the computer are not on the same network. D. The computer is using an invalid IP address. Answer: B Explanation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_network In IP networking, a private network is a computer network that uses private IP address space. Both the IPv4 and the IPv6 specifications define private IP address ranges. These addresses are commonly used for local area networks (LANs) in residential, office, and enterprise environments. Private network addresses are not allocated to any specific organization. Anyone may use these addresses without approval from regional or local Internet registries. Private IP address spaces were originally defined to assist in delaying IPv4 address exhaustion. IP packets originating from or addressed to a private IP address cannot be routed through the public Internet. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has directed the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) to reserve the following IPv4 address ranges for private networks: · 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 · 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 · 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 Backbone routers do not allow packets from or to internal IP addresses. That is, intranet machines, if no measures are taken, are isolated from the Internet. However, several technologies allow such machines to connect to the Internet. · Mediation servers like IRC, Usenet, SMTP and Proxy server · Network address translation (NAT) · Tunneling protocol NOTE: So, the problem is just one of these technologies. Question #:58 - (Exam Topic 1) What is the role of test automation in security testing? A. It is an option but it tends to be very expensive. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 29 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 B. It should be used exclusively. Manual testing is outdated because of low speed and possible test setup inconsistencies. C. Test automation is not usable in security due to the complexity of the tests. D. It can accelerate benchmark tests and repeat them with a consistent test setup. But it cannot replace manual testing completely. Answer: D Question #:59 - (Exam Topic 1) What is the proper response for a NULL scan if the port is closed? A. SYN B. ACK C. FIN D. PSH E. RST F. No response Answer: E Question #:60 - (Exam Topic 1) You have the SOA presented below in your Zone. Your secondary servers have not been able to contact your primary server to synchronize information. How long will the secondary servers attempt to contact the primary server before it considers that zone is dead and stops responding to queries? collegae.edu.SOA, cikkye.edu ipad.college.edu. (200302028 3600 3600 604800 3600) A. One day B. One hour C. One week D. One month Answer: C Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 30 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 Question #:61 - (Exam Topic 1) What is the following command used for? net use \targetipc$ "" /u:"" A. Grabbing the etc/passwd file B. Grabbing the SAM C. Connecting to a Linux computer through Samba. D. This command is used to connect as a null session E. Enumeration of Cisco routers Answer: D Question #:62 - (Exam Topic 1) Why is a penetration test considered to be more thorough than vulnerability scan? A. Vulnerability scans only do host discovery and port scanning by default. B. A penetration test actively exploits vulnerabilities in the targeted infrastructure, while a vulnerability scan does not typically involve active exploitation. C. It is not – a penetration test is often performed by an automated tool, while a vulnerability scan requires active engagement. D. The tools used by penetration testers tend to have much more comprehensive vulnerability databases. Answer: B Question #:63 - (Exam Topic 1) Bob, a network administrator at BigUniversity, realized that some students are connecting their notebooks in the wired network to have Internet access. In the university campus, there are many Ethernet ports available for professors and authorized visitors but not for students. He identified this when the IDS alerted for malware activities in the network. What should Bob do to avoid this problem? A. Disable unused ports in the switches Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 31 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 B. Separate students in a different VLAN C. Use the 802.1x protocol D. Ask students to use the wireless network Answer: C Question #:64 - (Exam Topic 1) Although FTP traffic is not encrypted by default, which layer 3 protocol would allow for end-to-end encryption of the connection? A. SFTP B. Ipsec C. SSL D. FTPS Answer: B Explanation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPsec Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a secure network protocol suite that authenticates and encrypts the packets of data to provide secure encrypted communication between two computers over an Internet Protocol network. It is used in virtual private networks (VPNs). IPsec includes protocols for establishing mutual authentication between agents at the beginning of a session and negotiation of cryptographic keys to use during the session. IPsec can protect data flows between a pair of hosts (host-to-host), between a pair of security gateways (network-to-network), or between a security gateway and a host (network-to-host). IPsec uses cryptographic security services to protect communications over Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It supports network-level peer authentication, data-origin authentication, data integrity, data confidentiality (encryption), and replay protection. The initial IPv4 suite was developed with few security provisions. As a part of the IPv4 enhancement, IPsec is a layer 3 OSI model or internet layer end-to-end security scheme. In contrast, while some other Internet security systems in widespread use operate above layer 3, such as Transport Layer Security (TLS) that operates at the Transport Layer and Secure Shell (SSH) that operates at the Application layer, IPsec can automatically secure applications at the IP layer. Question #:65 - (Exam Topic 1) You need to deploy a new web-based software package for your organization. The package requires three Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 32 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 separate servers and needs to be available on the Internet. What is the recommended architecture in terms of server placement? A. All three servers need to be placed internally B. A web server facing the Internet, an application server on the internal network, a database server on the internal network C. A web server and the database server facing the Internet, an application server on the internal network D. All three servers need to face the Internet so that they can communicate between themselves Answer: B Question #:66 - (Exam Topic 1) If a token and 4-digit personal identification number (PIN) are used to access a computer system and the token performs off-line checking for the correct PIN, what type of attack is possible? A. Birthday B. Brute force C. Man-in-the-middle D. Smurf Answer: B Question #:67 - (Exam Topic 1) Which of the following tools can be used for passive OS fingerprinting? A. nmap B. tcpdump C. tracert D. ping Answer: B Question #:68 - (Exam Topic 1) Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 33 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 What is the known plaintext attack used against DES which gives the result that encrypting plaintext with one DES key followed by encrypting it with a second DES key is no more secure than using a single key? A. Man-in-the-middle attack B. Meet-in-the-middle attack C. Replay attack D. Traffic analysis attack Answer: B Explanation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meet-in-the-middle_attack The meet-in-the-middle attack (MITM), a known plaintext attack, is a generic space–time tradeoff cryptographic attack against encryption schemes that rely on performing multiple encryption operations in sequence. The MITM attack is the primary reason why Double DES is not used and why a Triple DES key (168-bit) can be bruteforced by an attacker with 256 space and 2112 operations. The intruder has to know some parts of plaintext and their ciphertexts. Using meet-in-the-middle attacks it is possible to break ciphers, which have two or more secret keys for multiple encryption using the same algorithm. For example, the 3DES cipher works in this way. Meet-in-the-middle attack was first presented by Diffie and Hellman for cryptanalysis of DES algorithm. Question #:69 - (Exam Topic 1) By using a smart card and pin, you are using a two-factor authentication that satisfies A. Something you are and something you remember B. Something you have and something you know C. Something you know and something you are D. Something you have and something you are Answer: B Explanation Two-factor Authentication or 2FA is a user identity verification method, where two of the three possible authentication factors are combined to grant access to a website or application.1) something the user knows, 2) something the user has, or 3) something the user is. The possible factors of authentication are: · Something the User Knows: Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 34 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 This is often a password, passphrase, PIN, or secret question. To satisfy this authentication challenge, the user must provide information that matches the answers previously provided to the organization by that user, such as “Name the town in which you were born.” · Something the User Has: This involves entering a one-time password generated by a hardware authenticator. Users carry around an authentication device that will generate a one-time password on command. Users then authenticate by providing this code to the organization. Today, many organizations offer software authenticators that can be installed on the user’s mobile device. · Something the User Is: This third authentication factor requires the user to authenticate using biometric data. This can include fingerprint scans, facial scans, behavioral biometrics, and more. For example: In internet security, the most used factors of authentication are: something the user has (e.g., a bank card) and something the user knows (e.g., a PIN code). This is two-factor authentication. Two-factor authentication is also sometimes referred to as strong authentication, Two-Step Verification, or 2FA. The key difference between Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) and Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) is that, as the term implies, Two-Factor Authentication utilizes a combination of two out of three possible authentication factors. In contrast, Multi-Factor Authentication could utilize two or more of these authentication factors. Question #:70 - (Exam Topic 1) As a securing consultant, what are some of the things you would recommend to a company to ensure DNS security? A. Use the same machines for DNS and other applications B. Harden DNS servers C. Use split-horizon operation for DNS servers D. Restrict Zone transfers E. Have subnet diversity between DNS servers Answer: B C D E Question #:71 - (Exam Topic 1) Session splicing is an IDS evasion technique in which an attacker delivers data in multiple, small sized packets Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 35 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 to the target computer, making it very difficult for an IDS to detect the attack signatures. Which tool can be used to perform session splicing attacks? A. tcpsplice B. Burp C. Hydra D. Whisker Answer: D Explanation «Many IDS reassemble communication streams; hence, if a packet is not received within a reasonable period, many IDS stop reassembling and handling that stream. If the application under attack keeps a session active for a longer time than that spent by the IDS on reassembling it, the IDS will stop. As a result, any session after the IDS stops reassembling the sessions will be susceptible to malicious data theft by attackers. The IDS will not log any attack attempt after a successful splicing attack. Attackers can use tools such as Nessus for session splicing attacks.» Did you know that the EC-Council exam shows how well you know their official book? So, there is no "Whisker" in it. In the chapter "Evading IDS" -> "Session Splicing", the recommended tool for performing a session-splicing attack is Nessus. Where Wisker came from is not entirely clear, but I will assume the author of the question found it while copying Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusion_detection_system_evasion_techniques One basic technique is to split the attack payload into multiple small packets so that the IDS must reassemble the packet stream to detect the attack. A simple way of splitting packets is by fragmenting them, but an adversary can also simply craft packets with small payloads. The 'whisker' evasion tool calls crafting packets with small payloads 'session splicing'. By itself, small packets will not evade any IDS that reassembles packet streams. However, small packets can be further modified in order to complicate reassembly and detection. One evasion technique is to pause between sending parts of the attack, hoping that the IDS will time out before the target computer does. A second evasion technique is to send the packets out of order, confusing simple packet re-assemblers but not the target computer. NOTE: Yes, I found scraps of information about the tool that existed in 2012, but I can not give you unverified information. According to the official tutorials, the correct answer is Nessus, but if you know anything about Wisker, please write in the QA section. Maybe this question will be updated soon, but I'm not sure about that. Question #:72 - (Exam Topic 1) Which Intrusion Detection System is the best applicable for large environments where critical assets on the network need extra scrutiny and is ideal for observing sensitive network segments? A. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 36 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 A. Honeypots B. Firewalls C. Network-based intrusion detection system (NIDS) D. Host-based intrusion detection system (HIDS) Answer: C Question #:73 - (Exam Topic 1) Study the snort rule given below: From the options below, choose the exploit against which this rule applies. A. WebDav B. SQL Slammer C. MS Blaster D. MyDoom Answer: C Question #:74 - (Exam Topic 1) You have gained physical access to a Windows 2008 R2 server which has an accessible disc drive. When you attempt to boot the server and log in, you are unable to guess the password. In your toolkit, you have an Ubuntu 9.10 Linux LiveCD. Which Linux-based tool can change any user’s password or activate disabled Windows accounts? Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 37 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 A. John the Ripper B. SET C. CHNTPW D. Cain & Abel Answer: C Question #:75 - (Exam Topic 1) What does a firewall check to prevent particular ports and applications from getting packets into an organization? A. Transport layer port numbers and application layer headers B. Presentation layer headers and the session layer port numbers C. Network layer headers and the session layer port numbers D. Application layer port numbers and the transport layer headers Answer: A Question #:76 - (Exam Topic 1) Hackers often raise the trust level of a phishing message by modeling the email to look similar to the internal email used by the target company. This includes using logos, formatting, and names of the target company. The phishing message will often use the name of the company CEO, President, or Managers. The time a hacker spends performing research to locate this information about a company is known as? A. Exploration B. Investigation C. Reconnaissance D. Enumeration Answer: C Explanation Cyber Kill Chain Methodology 1. Reconnaissance - Gathering information about the target. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 38 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 Question #:77 - (Exam Topic 1) A zone file consists of which of the following Resource Records (RRs)? A. DNS, NS, AXFR, and MX records B. DNS, NS, PTR, and MX records C. SOA, NS, AXFR, and MX records D. SOA, NS, A, and MX records Answer: D Question #:78 - (Exam Topic 1) What does the –oX flag do in an Nmap scan? A. Perform an eXpress scan B. Output the results in truncated format to the screen C. Output the results in XML format to a file D. Perform an Xmas scan Answer: C Explanation https://nmap.org/book/man-output.html -oX - Requests that XML output be directed to the given filename. Question #:79 - (Exam Topic 1) You are a Network Security Officer. You have two machines. The first machine (192.168.0.99) has snort installed, and the second machine (192.168.0.150) has kiwi syslog installed. You perform a syn scan in your network, and you notice that kiwi syslog is not receiving the alert message from snort. You decide to run wireshark in the snort machine to check if the messages are going to the kiwi syslog machine. What Wireshark filter will show the connections from the snort machine to kiwi syslog machine? A. tcp.srcport= = 514 && ip.src= = 192.168.0.99 B. tcp.srcport= = 514 && ip.src= = 192.168.150 C. tcp.dstport= = 514 && ip.dst= = 192.168.0.99 D. tcp.dstport= = 514 && ip.dst= = 192.168.0.150 Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 39 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 Answer: D Question #:80 - (Exam Topic 1) Which of the following tools are used for enumeration? (Choose three.) A. SolarWinds B. USER2SID C. Cheops D. SID2USER E. DumpSec Answer: B D E Question #:81 - (Exam Topic 1) When you are getting information about a web server, it is very important to know the HTTP Methods (GET, POST, HEAD, PUT, DELETE, TRACE) that are available because there are two critical methods (PUT and DELETE). PUT can upload a file to the server and DELETE can delete a file from the server. You can detect all these methods (GET, POST, HEAD, DELETE, PUT, TRACE) using NMAP script engine. What Nmap script will help you with this task? A. http-methods B. http enum C. http-headers D. http-git Answer: A Question #:82 - (Exam Topic 1) Tess King is using the nslookup command to craft queries to list all DNS information (such as Name Servers, host names, MX records, CNAME records, glue records (delegation for child Domains), zone serial number, TimeToLive (TTL) records, etc) for a Domain. What do you think Tess King is trying to accomplish? Select the best answer. A. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 40 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 A. A zone harvesting B. A zone transfer C. A zone update D. A zone estimate Answer: B Question #:83 - (Exam Topic 1) The “Gray-box testing” methodology enforces what kind of restriction? A. Only the external operation of a system is accessible to the tester. B. The internal operation of a system in only partly accessible to the tester. C. Only the internal operation of a system is known to the tester. D. The internal operation of a system is completely known to the tester. Answer: D Explanation White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box testing, and structural testing) is a method of software testing that tests internal structures or workings of an application, as opposed to its functionality (i.e. black-box testing). In white-box testing, an internal perspective of the system, as well as programming skills, are used to design test cases. The tester chooses inputs to exercise paths through the code and determine the expected outputs. This is analogous to testing nodes in a circuit, e.g. in-circuit testing (ICT). White-box testing can be applied at the unit, integration and system levels of the software testing process. Although traditional testers tended to think of white-box testing as being done at the unit level, it is used for integration and system testing more frequently today. It can test paths within a unit, paths between units during integration, and between subsystems during a system-level test. Though this method of test design can uncover many errors or problems, it has the potential to miss unimplemented parts of the specification or missing requirements. Where white-box testing is design-driven, that is, driven exclusively by agreed specifications of how each component of the software is required to behave (as in DO-178C and ISO 26262 processes) then white-box test techniques can accomplish assessment for unimplemented or missing requirements. White-box test design techniques include the following code coverage criteria: · Control flow testing · Data flow testing · Branch testing Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 41 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 · Statement coverage · Decision coverage · Modified condition/decision coverage · Prime path testing · Path testing Question #:84 - (Exam Topic 1) Based on the following extract from the log of a compromised machine, what is the hacker really trying to steal? A. har.txt B. SAM file C. wwwroot D. Repair file Answer: B Question #:85 - (Exam Topic 1) Which of the following statements about a zone transfer is correct? (Choose three.) A. A zone transfer is accomplished with the DNS B. A zone transfer is accomplished with the nslookup service C. A zone transfer passes all zone information that a DNS server maintains D. A zone transfer passes all zone information that a nslookup server maintains E. A zone transfer can be prevented by blocking all inbound TCP port 53 connections F. Zone transfers cannot occur on the Internet Answer: A C E Question #:86 - (Exam Topic 1) Your company was hired by a small healthcare provider to perform a technical assessment on the network. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 42 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 What is the best approach for discovering vulnerabilities on a Windows-based computer? A. Use the built-in Windows Update tool B. Use a scan tool like Nessus C. Check MITRE.org for the latest list of CVE findings D. Create a disk image of a clean Windows installation Answer: B Question #:87 - (Exam Topic 1) Eve is spending her day scanning the library computers. She notices that Alice is using a computer whose port 445 is active and listening. Eve uses the ENUM tool to enumerate Alice machine. From the command prompt, she types the following command. What is Eve trying to do? A. Eve is trying to connect as a user with Administrator privileges B. Eve is trying to enumerate all users with Administrative privileges C. Eve is trying to carry out a password crack for user Administrator D. Eve is trying to escalate privilege of the null user to that of Administrator Answer: C Question #:88 - (Exam Topic 1) Todd has been asked by the security officer to purchase a counter-based authentication system. Which of the following best describes this type of system? A. A biometric system that bases authentication decisions on behavioral attributes. B. A biometric system that bases authentication decisions on physical attributes. C. An authentication system that creates one-time passwords that are encrypted with secret keys. D. An authentication system that uses passphrases that are converted into virtual passwords. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 43 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 Answer: C Question #:89 - (Exam Topic 1) Which of the following programs is usually targeted at Microsoft Office products? A. Polymorphic virus B. Multipart virus C. Macro virus D. Stealth virus Answer: C Explanation A macro virus is a virus that is written in a macro language: a programming language which is embedded inside a software application (e.g., word processors and spreadsheet applications). Some applications, such as Microsoft Office, allow macro programs to be embedded in documents such that the macros are run automatically when the document is opened, and this provides a distinct mechanism by which malicious computer instructions can spread. (Wikipedia) NB: The virus Melissa is a well-known macro virus we could find attached to word documents. Question #:90 - (Exam Topic 1) Which definition among those given below best describes a covert channel? A. A server program using a port that is not well known. B. Making use of a protocol in a way it is not intended to be used. C. It is the multiplexing taking place on a communication link. D. It is one of the weak channels used by WEP which makes it insecure Answer: B Question #:91 - (Exam Topic 1) Bob is doing a password assessment for one of his clients. Bob suspects that security policies are not in place. He also suspects that weak passwords are probably the norm throughout the company he is evaluating. Bob is familiar with password weaknesses and key loggers. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 44 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 Which of the following options best represents the means that Bob can adopt to retrieve passwords from his clients hosts and servers? A. Hardware, Software, and Sniffing. B. Hardware and Software Keyloggers. C. Passwords are always best obtained using Hardware key loggers. D. Software only, they are the most effective. Answer: A Question #:92 - (Exam Topic 1) Which of the following describes the characteristics of a Boot Sector Virus? A. Modifies directory table entries so that directory entries point to the virus code instead of the actual program. B. Moves the MBR to another location on the RAM and copies itself to the original location of the MBR. C. Moves the MBR to another location on the hard disk and copies itself to the original location of the MBR. D. Overwrites the original MBR and only executes the new virus code. Answer: C Question #:93 - (Exam Topic 1) Which of the following is the BEST way to defend against network sniffing? A. Using encryption protocols to secure network communications B. Register all machines MAC Address in a Centralized Database C. Use Static IP Address D. Restrict Physical Access to Server Rooms hosting Critical Servers Answer: A Explanation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sniffing_attack Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 45 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 To prevent networks from sniffing attacks, organizations and individual users should keep away from applications using insecure protocols, like basic HTTP authentication, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Telnet. Instead, secure protocols such as HTTPS, Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), and Secure Shell (SSH) should be preferred. In case there is a necessity for using any insecure protocol in any application, all the data transmission should be encrypted. If required, VPN (Virtual Private Networks) can be used to provide secure access to users. NOTE: I want to note that the wording "best option" is valid only for the EC-Council's exam since the other options will not help against sniffing or will only help from some specific attack vectors. The sniffing attack surface is huge. To protect against it, you will need to implement a complex of measures at all levels of abstraction and apply controls at the physical, administrative, and technical levels. However, encryption is indeed the best option of all, even if your data is intercepted - an attacker cannot understand it. Question #:94 - (Exam Topic 1) Which of the following is not a Bluetooth attack? A. Bluedriving B. Bluesmacking C. Bluejacking D. Bluesnarfing Answer: A Explanation https://github.com/verovaleros/bluedriving Bluedriving is a bluetooth wardriving utility. It can capture bluetooth devices, lookup their services, get GPS information and present everything in a nice web page. It can search for and show a lot of information about the device, the GPS address and the historic location of devices on a map. The main motivation of this tool is to research about the targeted surveillance of people by means of its cellular phone or car. With this tool you can capture information about bluetooth devices and show, on a map, the points where you have seen the same device in the past. Question #:95 - (Exam Topic 1) Susan has attached to her company's network. She has managed to synchronize her boss's sessions with that of the file server. She then intercepted his traffic destined for the server, changed it the way she wanted to and then placed it on the server in his home directory. What kind of attack is Susan carrying on? A. A sniffing attack B. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 46 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 B. A spoofing attack C. A man in the middle attack D. A denial of service attack Answer: C Question #:96 - (Exam Topic 1) Which of the following tools can be used to perform a zone transfer? A. NSLookup B. Finger C. Dig D. Sam Spade E. Host F. Netcat G. Neotrace Answer: A C D E Question #:97 - (Exam Topic 1) Bob received this text message on his mobile phone: “Hello, this is Scott Smelby from the Yahoo Bank. Kindly contact me for a vital transaction on: [email protected]”. Which statement below is true? A. This is a scam as everybody can get a @yahoo address, not the Yahoo customer service employees. B. This is a scam because Bob does not know Scott. C. Bob should write to [email protected] to verify the identity of Scott. D. This is probably a legitimate message as it comes from a respectable organization. Answer: A Question #:98 - (Exam Topic 1) Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 47 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 A large mobile telephony and data network operator has a data center that houses network elements. These are essentially large computers running on Linux. The perimeter of the data center is secured with firewalls and IPS systems. What is the best security policy concerning this setup? A. Network elements must be hardened with user ids and strong passwords. Regular security tests and audits should be performed. B. As long as the physical access to the network elements is restricted, there is no need for additional measures. C. There is no need for specific security measures on the network elements as long as firewalls and IPS systems exist. D. The operator knows that attacks and down time are inevitable and should have a backup site. Answer: A Question #:99 - (Exam Topic 1) What is correct about digital signatures? A. A digital signature cannot be moved from one signed document to another because it is the hash of the original document encrypted with the private key of the signing party. B. Digital signatures may be used in different documents of the same type. C. A digital signature cannot be moved from one signed document to another because it is a plain hash of the document content. D. Digital signatures are issued once for each user and can be used everywhere until they expire. Answer: A Question #:100 - (Exam Topic 1) Suppose your company has just passed a security risk assessment exercise. The results display that the risk of the breach in the main company application is 50%. Security staff has taken some measures and implemented the necessary controls. After that, another security risk assessment was performed showing that risk has decreased to 10%. The risk threshold for the application is 20%. Which of the following risk decisions will be the best for the project in terms of its successful continuation with the most business profit? A. Accept the risk B. Introduce more controls to bring risk to 0% Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 48 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 C. Mitigate the risk D. Avoid the risk Answer: A Explanation Risk Mitigation Risk mitigation can be defined as taking steps to reduce adverse effects. There are four types of risk mitigation strategies that hold unique to Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery. When mitigating risk, it’s important to develop a strategy that closely relates to and matches your company’s profile. A picture containing diagram Description automatically generated Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 49 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 Risk Acceptance Risk acceptance does not reduce any effects; however, it is still considered a strategy. This strategy is a common option when the cost of other risk management options such as avoidance or limitation may outweigh the cost of the risk itself. A company that doesn’t want to spend a lot of money on avoiding risks that do not have a high possibility of occurring will use the risk acceptance strategy. Risk Avoidance Risk avoidance is the opposite of risk acceptance. It is the action that avoids any exposure to the risk whatsoever. It’s important to note that risk avoidance is usually the most expensive of all risk mitigation options. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 50 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 Risk Limitation Risk limitation is the most common risk management strategy used by businesses. This strategy limits a company’s exposure by taking some action. It is a strategy employing a bit of risk acceptance and a bit of risk avoidance or an average of both. An example of risk limitation would be a company accepting that a disk drive may fail and avoiding a long period of failure by having backups. Risk Transference Risk transference is the involvement of handing risk off to a willing third party. For example, numerous companies outsource certain operations such as customer service, payroll services, etc. This can be beneficial for a company if a transferred risk is not a core competency of that company. It can also be used so a company can focus more on its core competencies. Question #:101 - (Exam Topic 1) Which of the following viruses tries to hide from anti-virus programs by actively altering and corrupting the chosen service call interruptions when they are being run? A. Macro virus B. Stealth/Tunneling virus C. Cavity virus D. Polymorphic virus Answer: B Question #:102 - (Exam Topic 1) What is one of the advantages of using both symmetric and asymmetric cryptography in SSL/TLS? A. Supporting both types of algorithms allows less-powerful devices such as mobile phones to use symmetric encryption instead. B. Symmetric algorithms such as AES provide a failsafe when asymmetric methods fail. C. Symmetric encryption allows the server to security transmit the session keys out-of-band. D. Asymmetric cryptography is computationally expensive in comparison. However, it is well-suited to securely negotiate keys for use with symmetric cryptography. Answer: A Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 51 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 Question #:103 - (Exam Topic 1) Under what conditions does a secondary name server request a zone transfer from a primary name server? A. When a primary SOA is higher that a secondary SOA B. When a secondary SOA is higher that a primary SOA C. When a primary name server has had its service restarted D. When a secondary name server has had its service restarted E. When the TTL falls to zero Answer: A Question #:104 - (Exam Topic 1) During a recent security assessment, you discover the organization has one Domain Name Server (DNS) in a Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) and a second DNS server on the internal network. What is this type of DNS configuration commonly called? A. DynDNS B. DNS Scheme C. DNSSEC D. Split DNS Answer: D Question #:105 - (Exam Topic 1) What ports should be blocked on the firewall to prevent NetBIOS traffic from not coming through the firewall if your network is comprised of Windows NT, 2000, and XP? A. 110 B. 135 C. 139 D. 161 E. 445 F. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 52 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 F. 1024 Answer: B C E Question #:106 - (Exam Topic 1) The following is an entry captured by a network IDS. You are assigned the task of analyzing this entry. You notice the value 0x90, which is the most common NOOP instruction for the Intel processor. You figure that the attacker is attempting a buffer overflow attack. You also notice "/bin/sh" in the ASCII part of the output. As an analyst what would you conclude about the attack? A. The buffer overflow attack has been neutralized by the IDS B. The attacker is creating a directory on the compromised machine C. The attacker is attempting a buffer overflow attack and has succeeded D. The attacker is attempting an exploit that launches a command-line shell Answer: D Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 53 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 Question #:107 - (Exam Topic 1) Which of the following tools is used to analyze the files produced by several packet-capture programs such as tcpdump, WinDump, Wireshark, and EtherPeek? A. tcptrace B. Nessus C. OpenVAS D. tcptraceroute Answer: A Question #:108 - (Exam Topic 1) If a tester is attempting to ping a target that exists but receives no response or a response that states the destination is unreachable, ICMP may be disabled and the network may be using TCP. Which other option could the tester use to get a response from a host using TCP? A. Traceroute B. Hping C. TCP ping D. Broadcast ping Answer: B Explanation https://tools.kali.org/information-gathering/hping3 http://www.carnal0wnage.com/papers/LSO-Hping2-Basics.pdf Question #:109 - (Exam Topic 1) Joseph was the Web site administrator for the Mason Insurance in New York, who's main Web site was located at www.masonins.com. Joseph uses his laptop computer regularly to administer the Web site. One night, Joseph received an urgent phone call from his friend, Smith. According to Smith, the main Mason Insurance web site had been vandalized! All of its normal content was removed and replaced with an attacker's message ''Hacker Message: You are dead! Freaks!” From his office, which was directly connected to Mason Insurance's internal network, Joseph surfed to the Web site using his laptop. In his browser, the Web site looked completely intact. No changes were apparent. Joseph called a friend of his at his home to help troubleshoot the problem. The Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 54 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 Web site appeared defaced when his friend visited using his DSL connection. So, while Smith and his friend could see the defaced page, Joseph saw the intact Mason Insurance web site. To help make sense of this problem, Joseph decided to access the Web site using hisdial-up ISP. He disconnected his laptop from the corporate internal network and used his modem to dial up the same ISP used by Smith. After his modem connected, he quickly typed www.masonins.com in his browser to reveal the following web page: After seeing the defaced Web site, he disconnected his dial-up line, reconnected to the internal network, and used Secure Shell (SSH) to log in directly to the Web server. He ran Tripwire against the entire Web site, and determined that every system file and all the Web content on the server were intact. How did the attacker accomplish this hack? A. ARP spoofing B. SQL injection C. DNS poisoning D. Routing table injection Answer: C Question #:110 - (Exam Topic 1) What tool can crack Windows SMB passwords simply by listening to network traffic? A. This is not possible B. Netbus C. NTFSDOS D. L0phtcrack Answer: D Question #:111 - (Exam Topic 1) Which method of password cracking takes the most time and effort? A. Dictionary attack B. Shoulder surfing C. Pass Your Certification With Marks4sure Guarantee 55 of 281 Practice Test ECCouncil - 312-50v12 C. Rainbow tables D. Brute force Answer: D Explanation Brute-force attack when an attacker uses a set of predefined values to attack a target and analyze the response until he succeeds. Success depends on the set of predefined values. It will take more time if it is larger, but there is a better probability of success. In a traditional brute-force attack, the passcode or password is incrementally increased by one letter/number each time until the right passcode/password is found. Question #:112 - (Exam Topic 1) Null sessions are un-authenticated connections (not using a username or password.) to an NT or 2000 system. Which TCP and UDP ports must you filter to check null sessions on your network? A.