Figurative Language PDF

Figurative Language A literary tool used to express ideas and emotions in a more vivid, imaginative, or creative way, rather than using straightforward, literal expressions. It enhances writing by adding depth, clarity, and color to descriptions or concepts. Instead of conveying...

Figurative Language A literary tool used to express ideas and emotions in a more vivid, imaginative, or creative way, rather than using straightforward, literal expressions. It enhances writing by adding depth, clarity, and color to descriptions or concepts. Instead of conveying meaning directly, figurative language uses comparisons, exaggerations, or symbolic representations to convey ideas that are often more powerful or emotional than literal language. Two Major Types of Figures of Speech Tropes Schemes  Tropes Tropes are the figures Tropes focus on of speech that play with altering meaning, Example: the literal meaning of using figurative Metaphor words. Tropes involve a language to deviation from the convey ideas in "Life is a journey." expected and literal non-literal ways. meaning of words.  Schemes Schemes focus on Example: Schemes are figures arranging words Alliteration of speech that play and their patterns, with the order or manipulating "Peter Piper pattern of words in structure for picked a peck of order to achieve an stylistic effect. pickled peppers." effect.  Tropes or Schemes? 1. "She sells seashells by the seashore." 2. "I came, I saw, I conquered." 3. "The wind whispered through the trees." 4. "A fire station burns down." 5. "Never let a Fool Kiss You or a Kiss Fool You." 6. "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times." 7. "I’m so hungry I could eat a horse." 8. "Her smile was like sunshine." 9. "Time is a thief." 10. "Eat to live, not live to eat." FIGURES OF COMPARISON SIMILE METAPHOR A indirect comparison A direct comparison between between two different two things by stating one things using "like" or "as." thing is another Example: Example: As fast as a cheetah Time is a thief. As sweet as honey The world is a stage. As cold as ice Life is a journey. FIGURES OF CONTRAST OXYMORON PARADOX A combination or juxtaposition A statement that appears of two contradictory or self-contradictory but contrasting words reveals a deeper truth. Example: Example: Deafening silence Less is more. Living dead The only constant in life Original copy is change. FIGURES OF CONTRAST IRONY ANTITHESIS A situation or statement where A contrast of ideas expressed the meaning is opposite to in a balanced/parallel what is expected. structure. Example: Example: It was the best of times, it A fire station burns down. was the worst of times. A marriage counselor files Many are called, but few for divorce. are chosen. FIGURES OF REPRESENTATION PERSONIFICATION METONYMY Giving human characteristics Substituting the name of one to non-human entities thing with something closely Example: related. The stars winked in the Example: night sky. The Malacanang Palace The city never sleeps. issued a statement. There is Death in the cup. FIGURES OF REPRESENTATION SYNECDOCHE APOSTROPHE A direct address to an A part representing the whole inanimate object, a dead or vice versa. person, an absent person, or an Example: idea. He bought a new set of Example: wheels. Hello, darkness, my old We need to hire more friend. hands. Liberty, how I cherish thee! FIGURES OF ORDER METATHESIS CLIMAX A progression of ideas in The transposition or increasing order of importance rearranging of letters or Example: sounds in a word. I came, I saw, I conquered. Example: We will not only fight for “Aks” instead of “ask” our rights but for our “Cavalry” to “calvary” future, our children, and our Tax and task nation. FIGURES OF ORDER ANASTROPHE HYPERBATON Disruption of conventional Inversion of the usual word word order for emphasis. order Example: Example: Restless, the man from one Intelligent she was not. side to the other, paced the Difficult it is to learn. room. This I’ve got to see. In the night sky shimmered the stars. FIGURES OF OMISSION ASYNDETON ELLIPSIS The deliberate omission of The deliberate omission of words that are understood in conjunctions between words, context. phrases, or clauses Example: Example: She ordered the pasta, and I have nothing to offer but he, the salad. blood, toil, tears, sweat. You went to the party, Reduce, reuse, recycle. and...? FIGURES OF OMISSION SYNCOPE The omission of sounds or letters from within a word. Example: "Ev’ry" instead of "Every" "Whisp’ring" instead of "Whispering" "Heav’n" instead of "Heaven" FIGURES OF SOUND ONOMATOPOEIA ALLITERATION Repetition of initial consonant Words that imitate or resemble sounds the sounds they describe. Example: Example: "Fred’s friends fried Fritos "Buzz" – the sound of a bee for Friday’s food." or insect She sells seashells by the "Boom" – the sound of an seashore. explosion or loud noise FIGURES OF SOUND ASSONANCE CONSONANCE Repetition of consonant Repetition of vowel sounds sounds, typically at the end of within words words Example: Example: The rain in Spain stays Toss the glass, boss. mainly in the plain. The black sack is in the Men sell the wedding bells. back. How now, brown cow? FIGURES OF REPETITION ANAPHORA EPISTROPHE Repetition of a word or phrase Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive at the end of successive clauses or sentences for clauses or sentences for emphasis. emphasis. Example: Example: It was the best of times, it When I was a child, I spoke was the worst of times, it as a child, I understood as a was the age of wisdom... child, I thought as a child. FIGURES OF REPETITION CHIASMUS EPIZEUXIS A reversal in the order of words Repetition of a word or phrase in two otherwise parallel in a succession (with no other phrases words in between) Example: Example: Ask not what your country "Never give in — never, can do for you—ask what never, never, never, in you can do for your country. nothing great or small, All for one, and one for all. large or petty... FIGURES OF ADDITION EPENTHESIS POLYSYNDETON Insertion of a sound or letter The use of multiple within a word to make it easier conjunctions are used in close to pronounce or to alter its succession, often without sound. commas, to create a sense of Example: overwhelming detail. Departamental - Example: Departmental We lived and laughed and Hampster - Hamster loved and left. OTHER FIGURES OF SPEECH HYPERBOLE PUN Deliberate and obvious A form of wordplay that exploit exaggeration for effect. the multiple meanings of a word Example: or words that sound similar but I’ve told you a million times have different meanings not to do that! Example: I’ve been waiting for ages. I’m reading a book on anti- I’m drowning in work. gravity—it's impossible to put I’m dying of laughter. down!