21st Century Literature PDF

RHYTHM 21st CENTURY LITERATURE - The recurrence of accented and unaccented syllables LITERATURE in pattern.  “Litteratura”...

RHYTHM 21st CENTURY LITERATURE - The recurrence of accented and unaccented syllables LITERATURE in pattern.  “Litteratura” which means “writing formed ALLITERATION with letters.” - The repeat of a consonant sound.  Literature is our connection with our own human experience of life. A creative - “Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.” representation and reproduction of what we lived in and for. ASSONANCE ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE - The repeat of lines of a verse of the same vowel sound. FORM - “on a proud round cloud in white high night” - The general structure or organization of the literary piece. RHYME - Major forms of literature are prose fiction, poetry, - The occurrence of the same sounds in words at the drama, and nonfiction prose. end of lines. THEME FIGURES OF SPEECH - The subject of which literature revolves around.  The use of more expressive language applying varieties of words to provide - The unifying element that holds all of its other creative and dramatic approach. elements in place. SIMILE CHARACTERIZATION - An explicit comparison made between two things - The description of a character’s physical traits, point essentially unlike by the use of some word or phrase of view, personality, private thoughts, and actions. as like, as, then, similar to, resembles, compare, or seems. STYLE METAPHOR - The specific techniques and designs that a literary writer employs to prolong grip on the reader’s - An implicit comparison made between two things interest. essentially unlike. TYPES OF LITERATURE PERSONIFICATION FICTION - Human attributes or qualities are given to an animal, an object or a concept. - Talks about imaginary characters, settings and stories. METONYMY NONFICTION - The name of an object is replaced by another which is closely associated with it - Talks about the reality of things, places and people, building up on facts. OXYMORON CREATIVE NONFICTION - two opposite or contrasting words are jammed or put together - A subgenre of nonfiction that follows the structure of nonfiction literature while employing the use of 21st century literature fiction literature’s style  refers to new literary work created within LITERARY DEVICES the last decade.  written by contemporary authors which may - These are common structures applied in any literary deal with current themes/ issues and reflects work that writers use to convey their mesage to the a technological culture readers.  often breaks traditional writing rules.  - a generic term for all comic books and graphic novels originally published in Japan. CONVENTIONAL LITERARY GENRES DOODLE FICTION POETRY - a literary presentation where the author incorporates - oldest genre of literature that is based on the doodle writing, drawings, and handwritten graphics interplay of words and rhythm. - doodles are used to enhance the story, adding - imaginative awareness of experience through humorous elements meaning, sound and rhythmic language choices to evoke an emotional response. TEXT-TALK NOVELS DRAMA - stories told almost entirely in dialogue simulating social network exchanges - literary genre that incorporates some Action - narratives are usually presented in blog, email and - its mode of representation is through dialogue and IM (instant messaging) format performances as it is written for theater, television, radio, and film. PROSE - is written in complete sentences and organized in paragraphs. CHICK LITERATURE - prose includes both fictional and nonfictional - a literary genre that addresses the issues of writing. womanhood such as friendship, relationship, and FICTION career. - is literature created from the imagination, not - known to feature a female lead in her late twenties presented as a fact, though it may be based on a true and early thirties living in a city. story or situation. FLASH FICTION NONFICTION - a story narrated in an extremely brief way, but still - is based on facts offers plot and character development and implies a larger story - its purpose is to inform and sometimes, to persuade Varities: 21ST CENTURY LITERARY GENRES Six-word stories - 6 words ILLUSTRATED NOVEL Dribble or Minisaga - 50 words - is a story or narrative told through words complemented by illustrated images. Twitterature - 280 words or a story in one tweet DIGI FICTION Drabble or Microfiction - 100 words - Digi fiction Sudden fiction - 750 words - uses the combination of three media: book, SPECULATIVE FICTION movie/video and internet website. - often called a ‘super genre’ GRAPHIC NOVEL - a broad genre that includes stories that take place in - are narratives told in comic-strip formats and imaginary worlds as a result of one or more “what if” published as a book. questions. - tells a story using a combination of words and SCIENCE FICTION pictures in a sequence across the page. - a genre of speculative fiction dealing with MANGA imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and - is the Japanese word for comics, technology, space travel, time travel, parallel universe - a system of conventional spoken manual (signed) or and extra-terrestrial life. written symbols which individuals express themselves TEXT TULA ETHNICITY - a poem produced and shared through the use of a mobile phone’s messaging application - the quality or fact of belonging to a population group or subgroup made up of people who share a - follows the traditional Tagalog Poetry called common cultural background or descent. “Tanaga” BLOG PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD - a website containing short articles called posts that are updated regularly - Before the Philippines was colonized, it was already brimming with rich tradition of oral literature. Early - a good medium for writers to share their opinions Filipinos weaved together countless myths and and experiences and a good channel to read others’ legends to explain certain phenomenon in life. ideas Folk Speeches HYPER POETRY - words of mouth or wisdom that help early Filipinos - also called “Cyberpoetry” as it cannot be presented in surviving local life without a computer Proverbs - a digital poetry that include verses or lines linked through hyperlink mark-ups. - are practical observations, codes of behavior, philosophy of life, and community beliefs that are - usually high steeped in the visuals/graphics to written usually in a rhyming scheme further convey the meaning - meant to entertain while teaching basic skills in surviving local life Basahanon - Bukidnon PHILIPPINE LITERATURE HISTORICAL Daraida & Daragilon - Panay BACKGROUND Salawikain – Luzon Historical Background of Philippine Literature Chants  PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD  COLONIAL PERIOD - also known as ‘Bulong’  CONTEMPORARY PERIOD - commonly used in witchcrafts and enchantments Why do we need to study Philippine Literature? Riddles  To better appreciate our literary heritage. - are like proverbs with one main difference: they Through a study of our literature, we can demand an answer and are used to test the wits of trace the rich heritage of ideas handed down those who are listening to them to us from our forefathers.  To realize our literary limitations Tigmo – Cebuano conditioned by certain historical factors and Bugtong – Tagalog we can take steps to overcome them. Paktakon - Ilongo DIMENSIONS OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE Patotdon – Bicol GEOGRAPHY Tanaga - the study of places and the relationship between people and their environment - is the extended form of proverbs, usually expressing insights and lessons on life - location of where the literary context is situated - onsidered as the equivalent of a Japanese Haiku LANGUAGE - consists of seven syllables per line 7-7-7-7 a stanza - a short allegorical tale emphasizing on a moral or having four lines the same pattern of rhyme at the end any principle of behavior. of each - characters are animals portraying human beings but -verse or line (AAAA) still keeping their animal traits intact. Pagbuhay Ng Tanaga (Tanaga Revival) Written and - Example: Si Pagong at si Matsing translated by Eladio Abquina Epics Folk Songs - are long narrative poems in elevated style - are music attributed to the people of a certain place, recounting the deeds of a legendary or historical hero nationality, or location - embody or validate the beliefs, customs, and ideals - ‘awiting-bayan’ of a community - are beautiful songs that are informal expressions of - Example: Biag ni Lam-ang our ancestors’ experiences and culture. Lullaby (oyayi) SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD - is a song for rocking the baby to sleep - Spain had control of the Philippines for more than - Example: Ili-Ili Tulog Anay and Pamuwa sa Bata 300 years. Their colonization caused a shift on the focus literature in our country. Christian faith was the Courting song (bansal) center of everything in this colonization, that’s why - is a song intended to serenade a girl (harana) the literature in this period was classified as religious and secular. - Pamulinawen (an Ilocano song) Poetry Love song (kundiman) Corrido - is a song for showing parental or romantic love - is a poem that details the lives of saints or the - Example: Si Nanay, Si Tatay di co Babayaan history of a tradition Folk Narratives - consists of eight syllables per line - re stories handed down from the remote past by - a stanza having four lines and 8-8-8-8 words of mouth from one generation to another - Example: Ang Ibong Adarna - reflects people’s tradition, feelings, beliefs, and judgments Awit Myths - is a chivalric poem that is usually sung and used in religious processions - a sacred narrative explaining how the world and man came to be in their present form - consists of twelve syllables per line - A Presence of divine deity - a stanza having four lines - Example: Bathala and Sinta - 12-12-12-12 Legends - Example: Florante at Laura - Francisco Balagtas Baltazar - explain the origins of things Pasyon - widely told stories about the past, ang considered factual by those who tell them - is a narrative poem about the life of Jesus Christ, beginning from his birth up to his death - Example: Ang alanat ng Panya - Pasion, Death and Resurrection of Jesus Christ Fables - Example: Panalangin sa Mahal na Birhen Prose Urbana at Feliza - Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na si Urbana at REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD UNDER THE si Feliza na Nagtuturo ng Mabuting Caugalian SPANISH REGIME - Also known as ‘Book of Etiquette’ written by  Literature became more interesting and Modesto de Castro productive when Filipinos’ national - novel about the exchange of letters between two consciousness roused. Filipino intellectuals sisters, wherein Urbana’s letter is full of advice. educated in Europe called ilustrados began to write and formed the Propaganda Drama movement and La Solidaridad (The Solidarity). Cenaculo Propaganda Literature - is the dramatization of the passion of Christ. - promotes a political viewpoint and intends to - highlights the sufferings and death of Jesus Christ influence others - Example: The Malibay Cenaculo Examples: Komedya  Noli me Tangere (Touch Me Not) by Dr. - a play in verse depicting the Christian saints, real Jose Rizal – a political novel that exposes events or imaginary kingdoms the injustices of Spanish Catholic friars and the ruling government Moro-Moro  El Filibusterismo (The Reign of Greed) by Dr. Jose Rizal – a political novel and the - a blood-and-thunder melodrama depicting the sequel to Noli Me Tangere that continues the conflict of Christians and Muslims exposition of the abuses and corruption of - battles to death and the proofs of faith the Spanish government  Dasalan at Tocsohan by Marcelo H. Del - Example: Prinsipe Rodante Pilar (popularly known as Plaridel) – a Zarzuela satire on friars’ hypocrisy.  Political Essays and short fictions - musical comedies or melodramas that deal with published in La Vanguardia, El Debate, elemental passions of human beings Renacimiento Filipino, and Nueva Era (newspapers) - follows a certain plot: a satirical look at society or a begrudged life. Revolutionary Literature - Example: Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas by Aurelio - promotes political revolution and complete change Tolentino Examples:  Pag-Ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Love of Carillo Country) by Andres Bonifacio (Father of the Philippine Revolution) – a poem first - a play that uses shadows as its main spectacle published in Diariong Tagalog to arouse - created by animating figures and projected onto a Filipinos’ spirit of nationalism and self- white screen. dependence. - Example: The Legend of Sampaguita Tibag AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD - dramatic reenactment of St. Helena’s search for the Historical Background Holy Cross  The Filipino Revolutionists won against the  St. Helena - the mother of Constantine - Spanish colonizers. discovered Christ’s cross  In July 12, 1898, the Philippine flag was raised as symbol of our Independence. Gen. - Example: Search of St. Helena for the Sacred Cross Emilio Aguinaldo was selected as the first  president of the Philippine Republic but it - Zarzuelas – popularized in 1893, A new-found was short lived. dramatic form was popularized by Severino Reyes  Treaty Of Paris 1898 and the old forms gradually vanished. The theme was  concluded the Spanish-American War and no longer about Christians and Muslims but between was the beginning of the American Filipinos and Spaniards in the first period of the colonization American regime.  lasted until the United States recognized - Tagalog Prose Fiction – writers of these prose were  Philippine independence in1946 emotional; they chose more for romantic adventures FEATURES OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE than for flaming issues of the day. - Spanish and Tagalog and the Vernaculars were the - Novel – a long prose narrative that describes languages used in writing during the first years in fictional characters and events in the form of a American period. sequential story. - In 1910, a new group started to write in English. - Poetry – authors in this period not only love poems Hence, Spanish, Tagalog, the Vernaculars and finally but nationalistic, spiritual, evocative and insightful English, were the mediums used in literature during poems too. They penned in free verse, in odes and these times. sonnets and in other types. - Short story – are brief works of literature and usually written in narrative prose, and can be read in DEVELOPMENT OF PHILIPPINE LITERARY one sitting. Filipinos have taken this form of literature PRODUCTION easily which shows real events. - The development of Philippine literary production THE PERIOD OF RE-ORIENTATION (1898- was spurred by: 1910)  The establishment of free public secular  English as a literary vehicle, became the education medium of instruction in public schools.  The use of English as medium of instruction in all levels of education in public schools. El Renacimiento - founded by Rafael Palma in Manila (1901) Short Stories - Spanish-Tagalog bilingual newspaper  Dead Stars written by Paz Marquez THE PHILIPPINES FREE PRESS Benitez. - A weekly English news magazine founded in 1908.  The Small Key was written by Paz Latorena. - Juan and Maria dela Cruz, the male and female  Footnote to Youth was written by Jose personifications of the Philippines first appeared in Garcia Villa. this magazine. Newspapers SURSUM CORDA  The Philippine Free Press - written by Justo Juliano  El Renacimiento (The Rebirth) - first Filipino poem in English  UP College Folio - first work published among the English-Filipino Plays poets  Kahapon, Ngayon, at Bukas (Yesterday, - poem encourages lifting one's heart during difficult Today and Tomorrow) written by Aurelio times and not to lose faith Tolentino.  Tanikalang Ginto of Juan Abad MY MOTHER  Walang Sugat by Severino Reyes - a poem written by Juan F. Salazar The Characteristics and Features of the American - a touching tribute to the love and sacrifice of a Period: mother THE PERIOD OF IMITATION (1910-1925) Dodong, a farmer's son who marries young. When seventeen-year-old Dodong decides to  Writers during this period imitated American marry his sweetheart, Teang, his father feels and British modes, which resulted in stilted, that Dodong is too young to marry but is artificial and unnatural style. unable to stop him. UP COLLEGE FOLIO PAZ LATORENA - published literary compositions of the first Filipino - A member of the first generation of Filipino writers writers in English in English THE PHILIPPINE COLLEGIAN - Wrote ‘Small Key”, a short story - Replaced the UP College Folio  SMALL KEY - Is a short story by Filipino PAZ MARQUEZ BENITEZ author Paz Latorena. It is about Soledad, a woman in her mid-twenties who is married - A Filipino short-story writer, educator and editor. to a man named Pedro Buhay. They lived in a hut within a prosperous farm away from - Beloved mentor to the first generation of Filipino neighbors. Soledad looked at the beginnings writers in English. of an abundant harvest with familiarity and DEAD STARS discontent. The story explores the life of a man named Alfredo Salazar, who is engaged SEVERINO REYES to a woman named Esperanza. As he prepares for his upcoming marriage, Alfredo becomes increasingly disillusioned with his engagement and begins - Ama ng Dulang Tagalog to reflect on his life choices. He meets a young woman named Julia, who rekindles his sense of excitement and passion. - Wrote the Tagalog zarzuela ‘Walang Sugat’ THE PERIOD OF SELF-DISCOVERY and GROWTH (1925-1941)  WALANG SUGAT - This tells the love story of Julia and Tenyong whose forbidden - Filipino writers had acquired the mastery of English relationship had been further hampered by writing. They competently wrote on a lot of subjects their social status, political, and religious although old time favorites love and youth continued. beliefs during the height of the Philippine revolutionary movement against the Spanish - They explored writing various forms of literature colonizers in 1896-1898. like the novel and the drama. MANUEL ARGUILLA - An Ilocano who wrote in English ZOILO M. GALANG - Mark Twain of the Philippines - Author of first Filipino novel writing in English, A Child of Sorrow.  HOW MY BRIOTHER LEON BROUGHT HOME A WIFE - Is a short story written by  A CHILD OF SORROW - This 1921 novel Manuel E. Arguilla. The story revolves is a classic coming of age tale engaged with around the main character, Baldo, and his themes of friendship, love and desire. Lucio observations and experiences when his older meets Rosa and promises to wed each other. brother, Leon, introduces his new wife, However, news reaches Lucio that Rosa is to Maria, to their family in the rural wed another man. His father dies, and Rosa Philippines. too. JOSE GARCIA VILLA JAPANESE COLONIAL PERIOD - Known as the ‘Comma Poet’  The development of Philippine literature - DOVEGLION (dove, eagle and lion) was jeopardized when Japan conquered the - first National Artist of the Philippines for Literature Philippines between 1941-1945. During this (1973) time, there was no freedom of speech and of the press. The Filipino literature in the time  FOOTNOTE TO YOUTH - A 1932 short of Japanese invasion was “bitter and story set in the Philippines and centered on pessimistic.” GOLDEN AGE OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE - The field of short story widened during the Japanese Occupation. Many wrote stories.  The development of Philippine literature was jeopardized when Japan conquered the Best short story writings in 1945 were: Philippines between 1941-1945. During this time, there was no freedom of speech and of 1st prize: Lupang Tinubuan by Narciso Reyes the press. The Filipino literature in the time 2nd prize: Uhaw Ang Tigang na Lupa by Liwayway of Japanese invasion was “bitter and Arceo pessimistic.” 3rd prize: Lunsod Nayon at Dagat-Dagatan by NVM POETRY Gonzales - The common theme of most poems during the LUPANG TINUBUAN Japanese occupation was nationalism, country, love, and life in barrios, faith, religion and the arts.  The story is about Danding, the main character, along with his Aunt Juana and  Haiku - a poem of free verse that the Uncle Gorio, who return to their province to Japanese like. bury his great uncle. It also encapsulates the  Made up of 17 syllables (5-7-5) immense love for one's homeland,  Tanaga - consists of seven syllables per line presenting why living in exile can feel as 7-7-7-7. punishment.  A stanza having four lines. UHAW ANG TIGANG NA LUPA - To You  This story is about a girl whose parents by D. St. James never showed affection for each other. One day, the girl discovers her father had a secret The sun rises and it’s felt love for another woman when she finds a My heart, it weeps and it melts picture of him with another woman in his diary. All the feelings, are hearfelt but your efforts are misdealt, COMTEMPORARY PERIOD FILIPINO DRAMA  The Philippines achieved its freedom on - The drama experienced a Dull during the Japanese July 4, 1946, marking the end of the terror of period because movie houses showing American war. The Philippine flag was proudly waved, films were closed. Many of the plays were and the people were eager to use their reproductions of English plays to Tagalog. independence.  Writings after World War II until the present - A few playwrights and their well-known plays were: day that reflect societal social and/or political viewpoints and present believable 1. Jose Ma. Hernandez – wrote “Panday Pira” characters, connections to current events, 2. Francisco Soc Rodrigo – wrote “Sa pula, sa Puti” and socioeconomic messages are referred to as Contemporary Literature. PANDAY PIRA The Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970)  A story of a Pampango Indio blacksmith who is acknowledged as "The First Filipino  The early post-liberation period was marked Cannon-maker". by a kind of “Struggle of mind and spirit” posed by the sudden emancipation from the SA PULA, SA PUTI enemy, and the wild desire to see print.  The plot of the drama revolves around a Filipino Literature During this Period: young woman named Julia and her love for a Filipino revolutionary named Miguel Philippine literature in Tagalog was received during during the Spanish colonization of the this period. Philippines. Most themes in the writing dealt with: SHORT STORY  Japanese Brutalities   Poverty  Poetry themes dealt with patience, regard  The Brave Guerilla Exploit for native culture, customs and the beauties of nature and surroundings - Newspapers and magazine publications were re-  Old plays and dramas like the Tagalog opened like the Bulaklak, Liwayway, Ilang-Ilang, and Zarzuela, Cenaculo were revived Sinag Tala.  Radio continued to be patronized during this - People’s love for Poetic Joust increased more than period before and people start to flock to places to hear  A yearly Pista ng mga Pelikulang Pilipino poetic debates. (Yearly Filipino Film Festival) was held during this time. SOME OF THE NOTABLE WORKS DURING  News on economic progress, discipline, THIS PERIOD: culture, tourism and the like were favored more than the sensationalized reporting of HEART OF THE ISLANDS killings, rape and robberies  A collection of poems by Manuel Viray PERIOD OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC (1981- WITHOUT SEEING THE DAWN 1985)  The English novel written by Steven - After ten years of military rule and some changes in Javellana, tells of a young Filipino farmer, the life of the Filipino which started under the New his hardships and poverty before the war, his Society, Martial Rule was at last lifted on January 2, slow emergence into a bitter, vengeful 1981. guerrilla fighter when he finds that his wife FILIPINO POETRY has been raped by a Japanese soldier and is pregnant.  Poems during this were romantic and revolutionary. THE PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970-1972)  Writers wrote openly of their criticism  According to Pociano Pineda, youth against the government. activism in 1970 - 1972 was due to domestic  The supplications of the people were and worldwide causes. Activism is coached in fiery, colorful, violent, profane connected with the history of our Filipino and insulting language. youth because of the ills of society, the youth moved to seek reforms. FILIPINO SONGS SEED OF ACTIVISM  Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were really true-to-life - Resulted in the declaration of Martial Law in 1972. PHILIPPINE FILMS DURING THE PERIOD Literary Revolution - The yearly Festival of Filipino Films continued to  The youth became completely rebellious be held during this period. during this period. This was proven not only - The people's love for sex films also was unabated. in the bloody demonstrations and in the sidewalk expressions but also in literature. PEOPLE POWER PERIOD (1986-1999) Campus newspapers showed rebellious emotions. - Once more, the Filipino people regained their independence which they lost twenty years ago. - In the span of four days form February 21 25, 1986, PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY (1972-1980) the so-called People Power (Lakas ng Bayan) prevailed — where people petitioned the government  In this period, themes in most writings dealt for changes and reforms. with the development or progress of the country -like the Green Revolution, family Characteristics of Filipino Literature: planning, proper nutrition, environment, drug addiction and pollution. Literary themes cover a wide range of subjects most outstanding among which are existentialism and the Characteristics of Filipino Literature: search for identity in varying levels and settings, deception and violence perpetuated by those in power. grinding poverty especially in the country- A semi-biographical novel about Bulosan’s sides and in some cities, nationalism, tenant-landlord experience as a Filipino immigrant in America in the relationship, human rights violation. 30’s up until the World War II SHORT STORIES The terrible living and working conditions of Filipino immigrants  Ang Pinakahuling Kwento ni Huli (The Very Last Story of Huli) – Lilia Quindoza 1.3 FRANCISCO SIONIL JOSE Santiago A Filipino poet, novelist, journalist and writer.  The Execution – Charlson Ong  Kabilang sa mga Nawawala (Among the National Artist of the Philippines for Literature Disappeared) – Ricardo Lee (2001). His novels explore the themes of colonialism, revolution, poverty, and the inequality between the ANG PINAKAHULING KWENTO NI HULI rich and poor. - Tells the story of ‘Huli’, a young mute girl Author of ‘Puppy Love’. who’s been repeatedly abused sexually by people around her. Defending herself from another sexual REGION II (CAGAYAN VALLEY) assault, she accidentally killed Tinyong, the barangay tanod who pretended to help her. Literature - Old songs, proverbs, poems sung in Cagayan alongside with the instruments: kuribaw, tulali, and REPRESENTATIVE TEXTS AND AUTHORS kuritang that produce sad music FROM REGIONS OF THE PHILIPPINES 2.1 FERNANDO MAMURI MARAMAG LITERARY CANON A Filipino poet and essayist A group of literary works that are considered Translated Ibanag folk songs into English, such as the most important of a particular time, period or the “Cagayanon Labor Song” place. The Rural Maid - His most well-known poem among his fifty poems. A poem by someone who has fallen head over heels over someone LUZON REGION III (CENTRAL LUZON)  The largest among the three main islands.  Depicts a boundary between traditional and 3.1 FRANCISCO BALAGTAS Y DELA CRUZ modern landscapes and lifestyle. Aka ‘Francisco Balagtas and Francisco Baltazaar’ One of the greatest Filipino literary laureates for his REGION I (ILOCOS REGION) impact on Filipino literature. 1.1 PEDRO BUKANEG The famous awit, Florante at Laura, is regarded as his defining work. Blind since childhood He dedicated it to his sweetheart María Asuncion The first known Ilokano Poet Rivera, whom he nicknamed "M. A. R." and is Father of Ilokano Poetry and Literature referenced to as "Selya" in the dedication. Author of “Biag ni Lam-ang” 3.2 VIRGILIO SENADREM ALMARIO 1.2 CARLOS BULOSAN Known as “Rio Alma” A prolific writer and poet. National Artist of the Philippines for Literature (2003) The author of the semi-autobiographic novel ’America is in the Heart’. Collection of criticism: Ang Makata sa Panahon ng Makina (The Poet in the Age of Machines)  Mariang Sinukuan – A narrative poem by Rio Alma A Filipino fiction novelist, short story writer, about Mariang Sinukuan, the deity of Mt. Arayat. essayist, poet and teacher He articulates the Filipino spirit in rural, urban landscapes in his writings. NCR (CAPITAL REGION) THE BAMBOO DANCERS - This novel follows 4.1 NICOMEDES "NICK" MÁRQUEZ JOAQUÍN the travels of an Americanized Filipino man and his A Filipino writer, historian and journalist speaker at struggles to embrace his own roots in rural culture. cultural events during Marcos’s regime. REGION V (BICOL REGION) Best known for his short stories and novels in the 7.1 POTENCIANO GREGORIO SR. English language. A Bicolano composer and musician Wrote using the pen name Quijano de Manila The composer of Sarung Banggi (One Evening), the Writer of the Philippine Inquirer most famous song in the Bikol language. - 'One HE WOMAN WHO HAD TWO NAVELS - A Night,’ is a song that talks about an enchanted historical novel that tells the story of Connie,a evening encounter between a lovestruck man and a complex and conflicted character, torn between her lovely provincial lass. desire for independence and her attachment to her family and social class. 4.2 ROLANDO S. TINIO A Filipino writer, poet, essayist, critic, actor, and director. Established the Filipino Language Drama. Known for translating Western Classics including the works of Shakespeare, Sophocles etc. Examples: ‘Ang Trahedya nina Romeo at Julieta’ and ‘Makbet’ REGION IV-A (CALABARZON) - Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon. 5.1 MARS RAVELO A Filipino graphic novelist born in Tanza, Cavite His works: Darna. Captain Barbell, Dyesebel, Lastikman. 5.2 FRANK G. RIVERA A playwright born in Paete, Laguna Mastered the genre of poetry, Textula Received awards for his work ‘Makata sa Cellphone’ - Collection of poetry which includes his popular textual REGION IV-B (MIMAROPA) - Mindoro Occidental, Mindoro Oriental, Marinduque, Romblon, and Palawan. 6.1 NESTOR VICENTE MADALI