Muscle Notes (PDF)

‫فقرة‬ ‫لو سألك‬  Note ‫تعالى نجمع‬ Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle Location Attached to bones Heart Wall of blood vessels...

‫فقرة‬ ‫لو سألك‬  Note ‫تعالى نجمع‬ Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle Location Attached to bones Heart Wall of blood vessels and alimentary canal, … Shape of cell Cylindrical Branched Spindle No. of nuclei Multinucleated One nucleus One nucleus Site of nuclei Periphery Middle Middle Striation Striated Striated Un-striated Control Voluntary Involuntary Involuntary Speed of contraction Fastest In between Slowest Note ‫خلي بالك‬ The only muscles that are connected to tendons are skeletal muscles The cardiac , Smooth muscles are not connected to tendons Note The muscles responsible for the eye movement (right , left , up and down) Skeletal muscles The muscles responsible for the widening and narrowing of eye pupils Smooth muscles Note ‫خلي بالك‬ Other examples of skeletal muscles (Muscles between ribs) Other examples of Smooth muscles (Muscles in the Wall of uterus , urinary bladder and in stomach ) What is the vital activity that suits the function of the skeletal muscle in the human body? (Second Session 2021) A) Ribs movement. B) Pushing the blood from the heart. C) Moving the fetus from the uterus into the vagina. D) Churning and mixing food with digestive juices in stomach. Note ‫خلي بالك‬ Muscle fiber = Muscle CELL So all cellular Organelles are present in the muscle fibers (Nuclei & Mitochondria & Ribosomes& …..) NOT in muscle bundle & myofibril  Homework Questions 7) How many nuclei are present in the structure shown in the figure? A) None. B) One. C) 1000-2000. D) Indefinite number.  Homework Questions 3) Which of the following represents the location of the nuclei in the muscular tissue? A) Membrane of the muscle bundle. B) Muscle bundle. C) Muscle fiber. D) Myofibril.  External sources Questions The following figure shows the different structural levels of a skeletal muscle. Study it well then deduce: Mitochondria are found within …… A) (A) B) (B) C) (C) D) (D) Note ‫تعالى نجمع‬ During contraction During relaxation Shape Length of the Increase muscle Decrease (Returns to the normal) Thickness of the Increase Decrease muscle (Returns to the normal) Note The graph shows the change of the length of muscle during contraction and relaxation length of muscle Time Before During During contraction contraction relaxation Which of the following graphs represents the change in the length of both the muscle and the tendon during contraction? Muscle Tendon (A) (B) (C) (D) Note The graph shows the change of the thickness of muscle during contraction and relaxation Thickness of muscle Time Before During During contraction contraction relaxation Note The graph shows the change of the length of Actin or Myosin filaments during contraction and relaxation length of Actin or Myosin filaments Time Note The graph shows the change of the length of the Dark band during contraction and relaxation length of Dark band Time Note The graph shows the change of the length of Light band during contraction and relaxation length of Light band Time Before During During contraction contraction relaxation Note The graph shows the change of the length of H-Zone during contraction and relaxation length of H-zone Full contraction Time Before During During contraction contraction relaxation Note ‫تعالى نجمع‬ Movable structures Immovable structure during contraction: during contraction: ❖ Actin filaments ❖ Myosin filaments ❖ Z-line ❖ Transverse links  Actin Filaments Myosin Filaments ❖ Protein Filaments (same building units made of amino acids). ❖ Found in Dark band (A) Similarities (whose width doesn’t change by contraction or relaxation) ❖ Constant length during Contraction and Relaxation. ❖ Parallel to the longitudinal axis of the muscle. ❖ Thinner ❖ Thicker ❖ Found in Light band (I) ❖ Found in semi light zone (H) (which change in width by (which can disappear during contraction and relaxation) full contraction.) Differences ❖ Z-lines bisects the I band. ❖ H-zone bisects the dark band. ❖ Move during contraction. ❖ Doesn’t move during ❖ Binds with transverse links during contraction (Fixed) muscle contraction, so it contains ❖ Forms Transverse links. the transverse links binding sites 34) The following figure illustrates the structure of the sarcomere in a skeletal muscle: What is the similarity between two structures 2 and 3? (First Session 2021) A) Their ability to move during contraction and relaxation. B) Their presence in all muscle types. C) Their ability to form transverse links. D) They consist of the same building units. 33) Study the drawing in front of you, then determine: What is the similarity between structure (X) and structure (Y)? (First Session ,2022) A) Thickness of the filaments. B) Ability of movement. C) Building unit. D) Formation of transverse links. The two graphs illustrate the distribution and thickness of two protein filaments in the sarcomere. Study them well and answer: Which region(s) decrease in length during muscle contraction? A) Region (1) only B) Region (2) only C) Region (3) only D) Regions (1) and (2) Note In a muscle The arrangement of the following ascendingly (Myofibrils , Muscle fibers, Actin, Myosin, Muscle bundles ) According to their size: Actin , Myosin, Myofibrils , Muscle fibers , Muscle bundles. According to their number: Muscle bundles , Muscle fibers , Myofibrils , Myosin , Actin Note In the myofibril Structures separate between sarcomeres Z-lines Region presents in the center of sarcomere H-zone Region its length equal to the length of myosin A-band Region presents around Z-line I-band Region contains Actin filaments only I-band Note In the myofibril Region contains parts of Myosin filaments only H-zone Region contains parts of Actin filaments and all Myosin filaments A-band Region presents between ends of two opposite myosin I-band Region presents between free ends of Actin filaments in same sarcomere H-zone  Homework Questions 12) In the muscle piece of the skeletal muscles, the A band consists of:.......... A) All myosin and it doesn’t contain actin. B) All actin and part of myosin. C) All myosin and part of actin. D) All actin and it doesn’t contain myosin. 91) Where are the binding sites of the transverse links that extend from myosin in the structure of the sarcomere found? (First session ,2023) A) Semi-lighted area. b) Actin filaments. C) Actin filaments and semi-lighted area. D)Actin filaments and the dark line (Z) 94) Study the opposite drawing and then conclude: what is the area of the sarcomere illustrated in the drawing? (Second session ,2023) A) H. B) A. C) I. D) Z-line  Note ‫خلي بالك‬ Longitudinal axis of Actin filaments Mysoin filaments Myofibrils Muscle fibers Muscle bundles Muscle Z-lines are perpendicular to them Note During muscular contraction The muscle converts the chemical energy (stored in ATP) into mechanical energy (Pulling the actin filaments by transverse links) Note Cross sections in different parts of sarcomere H-zone A-band A-band I-band during Relaxation during relaxation during contraction or Not fully contracted muscle Note Calculations ❖ No. of sarcomeres = No. of A-bands = No. of H-zones (during relaxation) ❖ No. of Z-lines = No. of sarcomeres + 1 ❖ No. of H-zones (at complete contraction) = 0 ❖ No. of incomplete I-bands = 2 (constant) ❖ No. of complete I-bands = No. of Z-lines – 2 ❖ No. of I-bands = No. of incomplete I-bands + No. of complete I-bands  Homework Questions 21) If you have a myofibril which contains 150 Z-lines: 1) The number of sarcomeres is: A) 150 B) 151 C) 149 D) 148  Homework Questions 21) If you have a myofibril which contains 150 Z-lines: 2) The number of A-bands is: A) 150 B) 151 C) 149 D) 148  Homework Questions 21) If you have a myofibril which contains 150 Z-lines: 3) The number of complete light band is: A) 150 B) 151 C) 149 D) 148  Homework Questions 21) If you have a myofibril which contains 150 Z-lines: 4) The number of incomplete light bands is: A) 2 B) 151 C) 149 D) 148  Homework Questions 21) If you have a myofibril which contains 150 Z-lines: 5) The number of H-zones is: A) 150 B) 151 C) 149 D) 148 ‫‪Note‬‬ ‫خلي بالك يا ابو الدكاتره‬ ‫القوانين دي استعملها لو جابلك مسائل انما لو جابلك ‪figure‬‬ ‫جاوب من الي انت شايفه في ال ‪figure‬‬ Note In a muscle Calculate the no. Z-lines , no. of complete light bands , incomplete light bands in the opposite part of myofibril No. of Z-lines = 7 No. of complete I-bands = 5 No. of incomplete I-bands = 2 Note In a muscle Calculate the no. Z-lines , no. of complete light bands , incomplete light bands in the opposite part of myofibril No. of Z-lines = 6 No. of complete I-bands = 5 No. of incomplete I-bands = 1 Note In a muscle Calculate the no. Z-lines , no. of complete light bands , incomplete light bands in the opposite part of myofibril No. of Z-lines = 5 No. of complete I-bands = 5 No. of incomplete I-bands = zero 41) The opposite figure represents a myofibril of a skeletal muscle. How many complete light bands are shown in the figure? (Experimental Exam ,2023) A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6  External sources Questions Study the figure representing a part of a myofibril, then answer: How many incomplete light region(s) are in the figure? A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 5 External sources Questions Study the opposite figure which represents the contraction of a skeletal muscle immediately after being stimulated and then determine: Which of the following can represent the symbol (S)? A) Muscle length B) Muscle diameter C) ATP consumption rate The opposite curve represents the change in calcium ion concentration in the sarcoplasm over time. Study it well then answer: The length of the skeletal muscle is at its minimum during phase: A) (S) B) (P) C) (A) D) (L) Previous Exams Questions 35) If a person keeps his balance during sudden stopping of metro. What is responsible for the stability of this person? (Experimental Exam 2 ,2021) A) Voluntary muscles contraction. B) Smooth muscles contraction. C) Smooth muscles relaxation. D) Cardiac muscles relaxation. 20) The opposite figure illustrates the structure of a skeletal muscle ,what is the most important thing that characterizes the structure no. 1? (Second Session 2021) A) Its ability of contraction and relaxation spontaneously. B) It is surrounded by a membrane. C) It contains more than one nucleus. D) It consists of proteins. 18) Study the opposite figure that illustrates the state of one sarcomere during its normal activity. What is the scientific explanation for uncontrolling the direction of the movement of the joint whose movement is controlled by the muscle in which this sarcomere is a part of it? (Second session ,2021) A) ligaments tearing. B) tendon tearing. C) muscle spasm. D) muscle fatigue. study the opposite figure which represents a skeletal muscle structure then answer: Which letter(s) refers to the perimysium?(Final Exam 2024, First session) A) X or Y B) Z only C) X only D) L or X THANK YOU!