Q2-WEEK1-GENBIO1-TRANSPORT MECHANISM PDF

CALAMBA CITY SCIENCE INTEGRATED SCHOOL 2nd QUARTER: WEEK 2 GENERAL BIOLOGY 1  LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1. Explain transport mechanisms in cells (diffusion osmosis, facilitated transport, active transport). 2. Differentiate exocytosis and endocytosis.  TERMS TO KNOW INSTRUCTI...

CALAMBA CITY SCIENCE INTEGRATED SCHOOL 2nd QUARTER: WEEK 2 GENERAL BIOLOGY 1  LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1. Explain transport mechanisms in cells (diffusion osmosis, facilitated transport, active transport). 2. Differentiate exocytosis and endocytosis.  TERMS TO KNOW INSTRUCTIONS: Match column A with column B. Write the word that will correspond to your answer.  Column A Column B 1. The amount of solute in a solution. A.Solute 2. The dissolved substance in a B.Concentration gradient solution. C.Solution 3. A mixture in which two or more D. Concentration substances are mixed evenly. 4. The gradual difference in the concentration of solutes in a solution between two regions. TRANSPORT MECHANISM FUNCTION OF THE CELL MEMBRANE: Cell membrane separates the components of a cell from its environment—surrounds the cell “Gatekeeper” of the cell—regulates the flow of materials into and out of cell—selectively permeable Cell membrane helps cells maintain homeostasis—stable internal balance  SOLUTIONS Solute- substance being dissolved Solvent- substance doing the dissolving (substance the solute is dissolved in)  Transport through cell membranes The phospholipid bilayer is a good barrier around cells, especially to water soluble molecules. However, for the cell to survive some materials need to be able to enter and leave the cell. There are 4 basic mechanisms: 1. Diffusion and Facilitated Diffusion 2. Osmosis 3. Active Transport 4. Bulk Transport  CELLULAR Passive vs. Active TRANSPORT  TYPES OF CELLULAR TRANSPORT Passive Transport - cell doesn’t use energy 1. Diffusion 2. Osmosis 3. Facilitated Diffusion Active Transport - cell does use energy This is 1. Protein Pumps gonna be hard 2. Endocytosis high work!! 3. Exocytosis low  DIFFUSION is the movement of small particles across a selectively permeable membrane like the cell membrane until equilibrium is reached. These particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. outside of cell inside of cell DIFFUSION 4 FACTORS TO DETERMINES THE RATE OF DIFFUSION 1.The steepness of the concentration gradient. 2.Temperature 3.The surface area. 4.The type of molecule or ion diffusing.  OSMOSIS is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane like the cell membrane. Water diffuses across a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Semi-permeable membrane is permeable to water, but not to sugar.  TONICITY Isotonic - having Hypotonic - having a equal concentrations of solute molecules. Hypertonic -having a lower concentration higher concentration of solute molecules of solute molecules than another solution. than another solution. TONICITY The extracellular solution’s ability to make water move inside or outside the cell.  FACILITATED DIFFUSION is the movement of larger molecules like glucose through the cell membrane – larger molecules must be “helped”. Proteins in the cell membrane form channels for large molecules to pass through. Proteins that form channels (pores) are called protein channels. Glucose molecules outside of cell inside of cell ACTIVE TRANSPORT ❑ Active transport is the movement of molecules from LOW to HIGH concentration. ❑ Energy is required as molecules must be pumped against the concentration gradient. ❑ Proteins that work as pumps are called protein pumps. ❑ Ex: Body cells must pump carbon dioxide out into the surrounding blood vessels to be carried to the lungs for exhale. Blood vessels are high in carbon dioxide compared to the cells, so energy is required to move the carbon dioxide across the cell membrane from LOW to HIGH concentration. outside of cell Carbon Dioxide molecules inside of cell  ENDOCYTOSIS AND EXOCYTOSIS is the mechanism by which very large molecules (such as food and wastes) get into and out of the cell. ❑ Food is moved into the cell by Endocytosis. ❑ Wastes are moved out of the cell by Exocytosis.  Pinocytosis- ‘cell drinking’, the Ex: White Blood Cells, which ingestion of extracellular fluids, i.e., are part of the immune the fluid surrounding the cell, system, surround and engulf (Phagocytosis) bacteria by together with its contents of small endocytosis. dissolved molecules (solutes). ANALOGY: ENERGY NEEDED: Active Transport NO ENERGY NEEDED: Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion Sources: Schley County Middle School Science Contributed by: Coach Blocker