Discipline Of Communication PDF

THE DISCIPLINE OF COMMUNICATION Is a manner of passing information between people or group for common understanding and confidence. It includes the move of information from the sender to the receiver. The receiver must understand the meaning and message of information. It can also be taken as the w...

THE DISCIPLINE OF COMMUNICATION Is a manner of passing information between people or group for common understanding and confidence. It includes the move of information from the sender to the receiver. The receiver must understand the meaning and message of information. It can also be taken as the way of sharing ideas, thoughts, opinions and views from one person to another person. What is communicatio n? COMMUNICATION CAN BE CATEGORIZED INTO THREE BASIC TYPES: 1.Verbal communication, in which you listen to a person to understand their meaning; 2.Written communication, in which you read their meaning; and 3.Non-verbal communication, in which you observe a person and infer meaning.  THREE LEVELS WITH WHICH THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS CAN BE ANALYSED 1.TECHNICAL LEVEL – understanding the message by ascertaining the extent to which information or message is clearly or not clearly transmitted. 2.SEMANTIC LEVEL – understanding the unity of communication by clarifying the extent to which the intended meaning of the information or message being transmitted is understood or misunderstood by the receiver due to all forms of noise. 3.PRAGMATIC LEVEL – understanding a unit of communication by gauging the kind and extent of the actual impact, effect, or outcome or result of the communication process including the relationship field of experience and the sender-receiver dynamics. CONTEXT AND BASIC CONCEPTS OF COMMUNICATION  CONTEXT Is one of the most essential aspects in human communication, and by and large, listeners base their interpretation of expressions of language and actions on their prior knowledge and wide range of contextual information. It is the context that gives meaning to the communication process. The context can be email, television, with a friend, with family, a political campaign or a protest rally, a celebration, or a religious or social event. It is the context of what is done or said that determines how  FRAME OF REFERENCE A lens through which reality is perceived and filtered to create meaning or a standpoint formed through a complex set of criteria or assumed values against which measurements, understanding, or judgments are made. 1.Psychological frame of reference 2.Cultural frame of reference 3.Social frame of reference 4.Spatial frame of reference 5.Temporal frame of reference 6.Historical frame of reference GOALS OF COMMUNICATION  Conveying the intended message from the sender to the receiver as accurately as possible (through speech, email, letters, and so on) Allows people with opposing views to communicate with one another in order to better understand each other and connect Provides opportunity for communicators to disseminate information, to transduce emotions and/or thoughts from one to another Change behavior and that is why people read new books or seek help to understand things or reality Create social and political change by exposing the absurdities and injustices of the courts, schools, prisons and workhouses of the context  Shapes the receiver’s behavior in a way that is compatible both with their own goals and the goals of the communicator Make group life possible through socialization, enculturation, intergenerational solidarity, nation building, and social change Expressing one’s needs and wants Transferring or conveying information Establishing social closeness or sustaining relationships with others Facilitating social etiquette – to conform to the social conventions of politeness BASIC ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS 1. SENDER-RECEIVER (WHO; TO WHOM) The participants in a communication People are senders and receivers at the same time, in most cases 2. MESSAGE (WHAT) Made up of ideas and feelings that the senders/receivers want to share – represented by symbols (verbal and non-verbal) Symbols – things that stand for something else ⚬ Verbal symbols – all the words in a language, which stand for a particular thing or idea ⚬ Abstract symbols (e.g. love, beauty justice) may have different meanings because they had different experiences with the concept ⚬ Non-verbal symbols – anything we communicate without using words (e.g. facial expressions, gestures, posture, colors, vocal tones, appearance, etc.) ￭ They have certain meanings attached to them, which are culturally or even personally encoded and decoded. 3. CHANNELS (HOW) Are routes traveled by a message as it goes between the senders/receivers. Sound and sight – primary channels in face-to-face communication, and even in no face-to-face: ⚬ Social networking sites ⚬ Radio ⚬ Records ⚬ Television ⚬ Newspapers ⚬ Magazines 4. FEEDBACK A response of the receiver to the sender and vice versa Very important since it tells how ideas and feelings have been shared in the way they are intended to. 5. NOISE Keeps a message from being understood or accurately interpreted May be an external or internal interference in transmitting and receiving the message ⚬ External Noise – any noise that comes from the environment that keeps the message from being heard of understood ⚬ Internal Noise – occurs in the minds of the senders and receivers such as prior experience, absent-mindedness, feeling or thinking of something other than the communication taking place ⚬ Semantic Noise – a form of internal noise caused by people’s emotional reactions to words such as reactions to ethnic or sexist remarks 6. SETTING (WHERE) Essentially the context where communication occurs May be a venue, formal or informal seating arrangements, attire, use of sound system, etc. LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION 1.Intrapersonal Communication Refers to communication that occurs within us. Involves feelings, thoughts, and the way we look at ourselves. Self – the only sender and receiver Brain – channel Talking to oneself – feedback 2. Interpersonal Communication Occurs to one-to-one basis usually in an informal, unstructured setting Messages consist of both verbal and non-verbal symbols Most channels are sight and sound 3. Intercultural Communication Interpersonal communication that occurs between or among members of different cultures or people who are enculturated differently More apparent between persons coming from two different cultures of upbringing but it can also be among people of the same culture but brought up in different times or cultural contexts 4. Interviewing Interviewing makes use of a series of questions and answers usually involving two people or groups Purpose: to obtain information on a particular subject Face-to-face setting; feedback is high and instant 5. Small Group Communication Occurs when a small group of people meets to solve a problem There is cooperative thinking; specific purpose More complicated than in interpersonal communication 6. Mass Communication The sender-receiver (speaker) sends a message (speech) to an audience in a highly structured manner Additional visual may be used Television, radio, social media, and print media. Examples of mass communication include commercial advertising, public relations, journalism, and political campaigning. THANK YOU!