Purposive Communication PDF (Prelims)

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Dyan M. Bayani | BSN-1B | 1ST SEM - Prelims “I’m not telling you it’s gonna be easy, I’m telling you it’s going to be worth it” CHANNEL...

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Dyan M. Bayani | BSN-1B | 1ST SEM - Prelims “I’m not telling you it’s gonna be easy, I’m telling you it’s going to be worth it” CHANNEL the medium or the carrier of the message; the passage NATURE AND DEFINITIONS OF COMMUNICATION where the message passes through INTRODUCTION TO PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION ○ CLASS MEDIA – means of communication used within an organization only (e.g.telephone, COMMUNICATION intercom, memorandum, minutes of the Latin word “communicare” – which means to share meeting, etc.) something in common, to unite, to join, or to have things in ○ MASS MEDIA – means of communication used common by all people regardless of personal or also a process by which information is exchanged professional status (e.g. internet,newspaper, tv, between/among individuals through a common system of radio, etc.) symbols, signs or behavior. ○ SOCIAL MEDIA – a computer-based technology that facilitates the sharing of ideas, thoughts, and information through the building of PURPOSE OF COMMUNICATION virtual networks and communities (e.g. facebook, tweeter, instagram, you tube, etc.) Communication is used to meet the purpose of a ○ HUMAN CHANNEL – refers to the human person. The purpose can be to inform, to persuade or to bundle of nerves entertain. Visual channel Auditory channel FORMS OF COMMUNICATION Olfactory channel Gustatory channel Tactile/tactual channel Non-verbal (facial expressions, body language, and posture) RECEIVER Written (journals, emails, blogs, and text messages) target of the communication or the one who receives the Visual (signs, symbols, and pictures) message. The ultimate destination of the sender’s message. INTENDED COMMUNICATION ○ will depend on the following factors: refers to planning what and how you communicate your How much the individual/s know ideas to other people about the topic; UNINTENDED COMMUNICATION Their receptivity to the message; and happens when you unintentionally send non-verbal The relationship and trust that exists messages to people you are communicating with between sender and receiver. ENCODER translates the source’s purposes into a code language and PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION takes the ideas of the source and puts them into a form that the receiver can use. DECODER PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION converts the code into ordinary language serving five purposes such as informing, expressing decoding is the act of understanding messages (words or feelings, imagining, influencing, and meeting social symbols) expectations when the sound waves are translated into ideas, we are taking them out of the code they are in, hence decoding TYPES OF PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION listeners and readers are often regarded as Decoders. 1. Talking intelligently on a subject of import OTHER FACTORS OF COMMUNICATION 2. Reporting on group work and/or assignments FEEDBACK enables the sender know whether his message is received 3. Writing and delivering a formal speech and understood; it is used to confirm agreement, clarify viewpoints and to assess the receiver’s level of 4. Writing minutes of meetings and similar documents understanding the purpose of feedback is to change and alter messages 5. Preparing research or technical paper so the intention of the original communicator is understood by the second communicator 6. Making an audio-visual or web-based presentation NOISE defined as factors that distort the quality of sound; ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION AND THE perception of anything that is not part of the original COMMUNICATION PROCESS message unfortunately, communication is affected by noise, which is anything – whether in the sender, the transmission, on the THE SIX INGREDIENTS OF HUMAN COMMUNICATION receiver – that hinders caution needs to be exercised as barriers to communication are either consciously or unconsciously SOURCE erected by the sender or the receiver refers to the person or group of persons with a purpose and a reason to communicate; this is where needs, ideas, ○ Noise is the counterpart of fidelity information come from; also called sender or speaker ○ Fidelity means clearness of sound MESSAGE ○ Eliminating noise increases fidelity while actual-physical product of the source; expressed through a producing noise reduces fidelity code ○ CODE – refers to any group of symbols that can be structured in a way that is meaningful to some persons PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Dyan M. Bayani | BSN-1B | 1ST SEM - Prelims “I’m not telling you it’s gonna be easy, I’m telling you it’s going to be worth it” FACTORS WITHIN THE SOURCE THAT CAN INCREASE TYPES OF COMMUNICATION FIDELITY TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO MODE COMMUNICATION SKILLS it determine your ability to analyze your own purposes VERBAL COMMUNICATION and intentions as well as you ability to say something it is the process of sending and receiving messages with ATTITUDES words, including writing and sign language pertaining to the source’s attitude toward himself, the communication is done through words of mouth or a piece subject matter and the receiver of writing KNOWLEDGE LEVEL ORAL - spoken words are used it is the amount of knowledge of the source on the subject ○ includes face-to-face conversations, speech, matter being communicated telephonic conversations, video, radio, television SOCIOCULTURAL SYSTEM and voice over internet it refers to the group of people to which the source ○ communication is influenced by pitch, volume, belongs, values and standards he learned and position in speed and clarity of speaking his own class WRITTEN - Written signs or symbols are used to communicate FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE TRANSMISSION OF ○ messages can be transmitted via email, letter, MESSAGE report, memo, etc ○ this is the most common form of communication in business The message content NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION The message elements sending or receiving of wordless messages ○ such as the language used and the gestures It is all about the body language of the speaker employed also includes gesture, posture, tone of the voice, facial The message treatment expressions, etc ○ or the manner by which message is transmitted APPEARANCE - clothing, hairstyle, neatness, use of The message structure cosmetics (speaker); room size, lighting, decorations, ○ which refers to the arrangement of parts or flow furnishings (surrounding) of the message BODY LANGUAGE - facial expressions, gestures, The message code postures ○ shows how the message is sent SOUNDS - voice tone, volume, speech rate VISUAL COMMUNICATION FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE TRANSMISSION OF the practice of using visual elements to get a message MESSAGE ON THE SIDE OF THE RECEIVER-DECODER across, inspire change, or evoke an emotion COMMUNICATION DESIGN – crafting a message that educates, motivates and engages the viewer COMMUNICATION SKILLS GRAPHIC DESIGN - uses design principles to ○ If he does not have the ability to listen, read or communicate that message in a way that is clear and think, he will not be able to decode the message eye-catching to the intended audience that the source encoder has transmitted. ATTITUDE ○ his attitude toward himself, toward the source Types of Communication According to Context and the ○ message will determine how he decodes the INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION - involves the message information, ideas, and feelings being exchanged verbally KNOWLEDGE LEVEL or nonverbally between two or more people. ○ If he does not know the code, he cannot ○ exchanging information, meaning, feelings, and understand the message opinions between two or more people via verbal and non-verbal means. although we mentioned SOCIOCULTURAL SYSTEM “face-to-face” communication previously, today’s ○ his own status, his group membership, his technology compels us to expand its definition customary modes of behavior affect the ways in to include media such as phone calls and online which he receives and interprets messages messaging INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION - unlike interpersonal communication, which is exchanged between two or more people, intrapersonal communication is communication with oneself. There are many other names for the same concept – self-talk, internal monologue, inner speech, inner experience, and internal discourse. They all describe pretty much the same concept: the voice inside your head ○ while everyone experiences it in different ways, it’s the way we use our inner voice that determines how it impacts our lives and livelihoods PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Dyan M. Bayani | BSN-1B | 1ST SEM - Prelims “I’m not telling you it’s gonna be easy, I’m telling you it’s going to be worth it” COMMUNICATION MODELS COMMUNICATION ETHICS AND PRINCIPLES COMMUNICATION PROCESS refers to the movement of ETHICS information or a message from the sender to the recipient over a is defined as a set of rules or principles chosen channel while navigating obstacles that slow it down. these are theories as to which is right or wrong PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 1. ARISTOTLE’S COMMUNICATION MODEL 1. UPHOLD INTEGRITY - Be truthful with your opinion and a. explains how communication works in a simple, be accurate with your judgment one-way process 2. RESPECT DIVERSITY OF PERSPECTIVE AND i. SPEAKER: The person who is PRIVACY - Show compassion and consideration with the delivering a message beliefs, status, affiliations and privacy of others ii. SPEECH: The content or message 3. OBSERVE FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION EFFECTIVELY- that the speaker is sending Be careful of what and how you say your words depending iii. AUDIENCE: The person or people on the type of people you are communicating with who are receiving the message 4. PROMOTE ACCESS TO COMMUNICATION- Give others 2. SHANON AND WEAVER’S COMMUNICATION (1949) an opportunity to express what they feel and think about a. MOTHER OF ALL COMMUNICATION the message communicated MODELS 5. BE OPEN-MINDED- Accept that others have different b. a linear model that highlights how views or opinions, which may conflict with yours. So, listen communication can be affected by and process the views of other people, and learn how to interference (noise) as a message moves from reconcile their opinions with your own the sender to the receiver 6. DEVELOP YOUR SENSE OF ACCOUNTABILITY- 3. SCHRAMM’S COMMUNICATION MODEL (1954) Acknowledge responsibility for all your actions, good or a. TWO-WAY PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION bad and the importance of shared understanding For both oral and written communication, you should be able to between the sender and receiver apply the following principles: b. FIELD OF EXPERIENCE 1. PRINCIPLE OF CLARITY: The idea or message to be c. communication is a circular process where communicated should be clearly spelt out both the sender and receiver actively exchange 2. PRINCIPLE OF ATTENTION: In order to make messages and feedback, shaped by their communication effective, the receiver‘s attention should be common experiences and understanding drawn towards message 4. BERLO’S COMMUNICATION MODEL (1960) 3. PRINCIPLE OF FEEDBACK: The principle of feedback is a. SMCR MODEL very important to make the communication effective i. SOURCE 4. PRINCIPLE OF INFORMALITY: Formal communication is ii. MESSAGE generally used for transmitting messages and other iii. CHANNEL information iv. RECEIVER 5. PRINCIPLE OF CONSISTENCY: This principle states that b. focuses on how the sender's and receiver's communication should always be consistent with the skills, knowledge, and culture impact the policies, plans, programs and objectives of the communication process, with an emphasis on organization and not in conflict with them the message and the channel used 6. PRINCIPLE OF TIMELINESS: This principle states that 5. LASWELL’S COMMUNICATION MODEL (1948) communication should be done at proper time so that it a. simple and linear model that outlines five key helps in implementing plans questions 7. PRINCIPLE OF ADEQUACY: The information i. WHO communicated should be adequate and complete in all ii. SAYS WHAT respects iii. IN WHICH CHANNEL iv. TO WHOM v. WITH WHAT EFFECT 6. LINEAR MODEL a. transmission model, a linear model is based on the assumption that communication is transmitted in a straightforward manner-from a sender to a receiver. This clearly reflects that communication is a one-way process 7. INTERACTIVE/ INTERACTION MODEL a. describes communication as a process in which participants alternate positions as sender and receiver and generate meaning by sending messages and receiving feedback within physical and psychological contexts 8. TRANSACTIONAL MODEL a. communicators generate social realities within social, relational, and cultural contexts b. we don’t just communicate to exchange messages; we communicate to create relationships, form intercultural alliances, shape our self-concepts, and engage with others in dialogue to create communities