Pulmonary Disorders - vascular - 1.pdf

PULMONARY DISORDERS VASCULAR PULMONARY DISORDERS EPIDEMIOLOGY DISEASE CLASSIFICATION PATHOLOGY AETIOLOGY CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS EXERCISE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT/TREATMENT Vascular diseases are those that involve the pulmonary arteries and veins, and are generally...

PULMONARY DISORDERS VASCULAR PULMONARY DISORDERS EPIDEMIOLOGY DISEASE CLASSIFICATION PATHOLOGY AETIOLOGY CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS EXERCISE RESPONSE MANAGEMENT/TREATMENT Vascular diseases are those that involve the pulmonary arteries and veins, and are generally characterised by obstruction to the circulation (embolism) or disruption of alveolar-capillary membrane (edema), ultimately causing pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure. EPIDEMIOLOGY Pulmonary embolism incidence is 310 cases per 1,000,000 persons (Australian data) Pulmonary hypertension affects 2‐5 million per year (USA) MJA 2008; 189 (3): 144‐147 The incidence of venous thromboembolism: a prospective, community‐based study in Perth, Western Australia  Classifying respiratory disease CLASSIFICATION ATS/ERS (2005) Interpretive strategies for lung function tests. Eur Respir J 26: 948‐968 Diagnostics Computed Tomography scan Ventilation/perfusion scan Echocardiography Right heart catheterization Chest X‐ray Pulmonary angiogram Pulmonary Hypertension Definitive diagnosis from right‐heart catheterization: mean PA >25 mm Hg at rest or ≥30 mm Hg during exercise with mean PCWP or LVEDP