Y11 Psychology: Psychological Problems Knowledge Organiser PDF

**Y11 PSYCHOLOGY: PSYCHOLOIGCAL PROBLEMS KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER**...

**Y11 PSYCHOLOGY: PSYCHOLOIGCAL PROBLEMS KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER** ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- ----------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. **Unipolar depression** A type of mood disorder causing periods of feeling sad and lacking motivation to do everyday activities 14. **Nature** Explanations of behaviour that focus on innate factors (the things you are born with) 2. **Mental Health Problem** A form of psychological problem characterised by symptoms affecting your mind and behaviour; they can affect how you think, how you feel, how you behave and how you relate to other people 15. **Nurture** Explanations of behaviour that focus on environmental factors (the things that happen to us) 3. **Twin Studies** Research that compares behaviour in groups of twins to see if there are similarities in each pair of twins 16. **Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)** A therapy for mental health disorders that aims to change thought processes in order to reduce symptoms. 4. **Monozygotic twins** Twins developed from one fertilised egg that has been split into two. These are identical twins 17. **Neurotransmitter** Chemicals found within the nervous system that pass messages from one neuron to another 5. **Dizygotic twins** Twins developed from two different eggs fertilised during the same pregnancy. These are non-identical 18. **Noradrenaline** A type of neurotransmitter that is involved in mood and is released during time of stress 6. **Genetic predisposition** A biological tendency to develop a particular behaviour as a result of the genes someone has 19. **Reuptake** The process where a neuron reabsorbs neurotransmitters that they have released 7. **Diathesis stress model** An explanation for depression that claims people can have a gene that makes them more likely to develop depression, but only if they face a stressful situation that triggers stressful depressive thoughts 20. **Placebo** An inactive substance or "fake pill" used instead of an active substance. The person given a placebo will not know it is fake 8. **Serotonin** A neurotransmitter associated with controlling mood 21. **Relapse** A return of symptoms after treatment has been given 9 **Deterministic** Our actions come from what we are born with and what we experience; this is the opposite of having free will or free choice 22. **Addiction** A mental health problem that means people need a particular thing -- a substance or an activity -- in order to be able to go about their normal routine 10. **Free Will** Explanations of behaviour that claim we have the ability to choose exactly what type of behaviour we want to show; this is the opposite of being determined 23. **Withdrawal** A set of unpleasant symptoms someone gets when they cannot satisfy their addiction. Normally happens when people are trying to quit. 11. **Cognitive theory** An explanation that focuses on how thought processes influence behaviour 24. **Learning theory** An explanation that believes behaviour is learnt through associations and experiences 12. **Negative Triad** A set of three thought patterns where people feel bad about themselves, the world and the future 25. **Classical conditioning** Learning by associations 13. **Magnification** A form of cognitive bias that makes people see their problems as far bigger than they actually are 26. **Operant conditioning** Learning from the consequences of actions 27. **Social learning theory** Behaviour is learned through observation and imitation of role models 28. **Reinforcement** An outcome resulting from behaviour that increases the chance of the behaviour being repeated or avoided in the future. The outcome may be the result of gaining something positive or something negative being removed. 29. **CBT** Cognitive behavioural therapy 30. **Functional analysis** The first stage of CBT to treat addiction -- this identifies the triggers 31. **Skills training** The second stage of CBT where the addict learns to control their patterns of behaviour that lead to their addiction 32. **Detoxification** When an addict tries to stop taking the substance they are addicted to 33. **Longitudinal study** The same set of people are studied over a long period of time 34. **Likert-style question** A numerical scale which is used to quantify people's opinions on different things. 35. **5HTT gene** Short alleles lead to higher rates of depression (Caspi)