Psychological Perspectives of The Self PDF

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF THE SELF Mrs. Jessica M. Chozas Assoc Prof V WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY? Psychology is derived from two Greek words, “psyche” meaning the mind, the soul and “logos, "meaning to study. Thus, etymologically psychology is defined as the study of the...

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF THE SELF Mrs. Jessica M. Chozas Assoc Prof V WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY? Psychology is derived from two Greek words, “psyche” meaning the mind, the soul and “logos, "meaning to study. Thus, etymologically psychology is defined as the study of the mind/soul. Psychology is defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Behavior refers to any observable action and responses of man. Mental processes encompass all the things that the human mind can do naturally, (memory, emotion, perception, imagination, thinking and reasoning). Goals of psychology To be able to explain and understand why a person behave differently; To be able to predict what will happen if such behavior persist; To be able to control or change the behavior. Historical Development of Psychology Wilhelm Wundt established the 1st psyclogical laboratory in 1879 It gave birth to Psychology as a science. Hence Wundt was hailed as the “father of modern psychology” Many other psychologist studied the phenomenon of human behavior and came up with different explanations thus contributing to the development of Psychology throughout the years. WILHELM WUNDT AND EDWARD TICHENER Structuralism is the study of the conscious experience. Three basic elements of the conscious experience are: images, sensation and feelings. Introspection- is a psychological technique whereby one looks into and study ones 'own conscious experience. JOHN B. WATSON Behaviorism- the study of the observable action and responses of man. WILLIAM JAMES Functionalism- is the study of the adaptability of mans’ behavior to ones changing environment. MAX WERTHEIMER, WOLFGANG KOHLER AND KURT KOFFKA Gestalt-emphasizes that the whole of anything is greater than its parts. The word “gestalt” is used to mean the way in which a thing has been “ placed” or “put together.” MODERN APPROACHES IN PSYCHOLOGY Psychobiological approach- it focuses on the study of how biological processes influences and affect mans’ behavior. Cognitive approach- is the study of mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving and reasoning and the act of using these processes. Jean Piaget is a famous cognitive psychologist. Behavioral approach – analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior as they respond to their environment. Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner are famous behavioral psychologists. MODERN APPROACHES IN PSYCHOLOGY Psychoanalytic approach- is a method of analyzing psychic phenomena and treating emotional disorders that involves sessions during which the patient is encourage to talk freely about personal experiences. This was developed by Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis. Humanistic approach – emphasizes the personal worth of the individual, the centrality of human values and the creative active nature of human beings. Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers are famous humanistic psychologists. Cultural approach – is the study of how psychological and behavioral tendencies are rooted and embedded within culture. The mind and culture are inseparable; that people are shaped by their culture and their culture is also shaped by them.