Psychological Self PDF

Psychological Self Psychology gives emphasis on how humans think, feel, and behave. The concern of Psychology is everything that concerns human beings from consciousness, memory, reasoning, motivation, personality, mental health, and other human experiences. The so-called Science of Self is rooted...

Psychological Self Psychology gives emphasis on how humans think, feel, and behave. The concern of Psychology is everything that concerns human beings from consciousness, memory, reasoning, motivation, personality, mental health, and other human experiences. The so-called Science of Self is rooted from various psychological theories and principles and the self has been used as an object of several psychological constructs. Perhaps, it is important to explore some psychological theories of the self to further understand it. Psychological Self - Is the study of either cognitive or affective representation of one's identity.. Psychoanalytic Perspective - One of the most influential thinkers of psychology - Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud 3 Levels of Mental Life Conscious Mind - It consists of all the mental processes of which you are aware of, and this is seen in the tip of the iceberg. Preconscious Mind - It contains thought and feelings that you are currently aware of but can easily be brought to consciousness Unconscious Mind - It comprises mental processes that are inaccessible to consciousness but influences your judgments, feelings, or behavior (Wilson, 2002). To easily remember the terms, refer to the table below: CONSCIOUS PRECONSCIOUS UNCONSCIOUS Present Can easily be made conscious Beyond awareness Available memory Includes drives, urges, or instincts Awareness Memories (requires retrieval) Source of motivation Direct memory P.A.D. C.A.M. B.I.S. PROVINCES OF MIND Freud introduced a three-part structural model in the 1920s. The topographic model was not replaced by this division of the mind into three provinces, but it did assist Freud in explaining mental images in terms of their purposes or functions. In a gist, we can classify the three provinces using the table below: ID (das es) EGO (das ich) SUPEREGO (das uber ich) -Most primitive -Aroused from the -Grows out of the EGO (5-7 years -Chaotic ID during infancy old) -Inaccessible to -The only region in -Represents moral and ideal aspects consciousness contact with reality -No contact with the outside world -Unchangeable -Sole source of -Unrealistic in its demands for -Amoral communication with perfection the external world -Illogical -Unorganized Filled with energy Balances the 2 aspects from basic drives opposing demands - Conscience (shouldn’t do but you did - Sex of ID and otherwise) - Aggression SUPEREGO -Ego-ideal (should do but you did not otherwise) Pleasure Principle Reality Principle Moral Principle Defense Mechanism EGO use defense mechanisms to distort reality and protect a person from anxiety. (Although defense mechanisms are normal and universally used, when carried to an extreme would lead to compulsive, repetitive, and neurotic behavior. The principal defense mechanisms are shown in the table below: Defense Mechanism Function 1. Fixation “remain” – permanent attachment to earlier stage of life 2. Reaction Formation “disgust” – exaggerated opposite reaction 3. Repression “forget” – most basic defense mechanism 4. Regression “go back” – brief detachment to earlier stage of life to feel safe 5. Introjection “copy” – own others’ standards to reduce feeling of inferiority 6. Displacement “redirect” – put towards others “mirror out” – undesired-self project to others 7. Projection Paranoia – extreme type of projection 8. Sublimation “socially accepted” – produce rewarding things/ accomplishments Psychosocial Perspective Social Development Erikson built on Freud’s ideas but focused more on how we grow up through social interactions. He believed there are eight stages of development, each with a P.A.D crisis or challenge. For example, during adolescence, the big question is: "Who am I?" If we figure it out, we develop a strong identity. If not, we struggle with confusion. He thought life was about balancing these social challenges and that it wasn’t just about childhood—growth continues throughout life. Erik Erikson (1902-1994)  Erikson proposed the three interrelated aspects of the Ego : 1. Body ego - It refers to the experiences with our P.A.D body, way of seeing physical self as different from other people. 2. Ego ideal - It represents the image we have of ourselves in comparison with an established ideal.. 3. Ego identity - It is the image we have of ourselves in the variety of social roles we play. Erik Erikson Theory of the Self The "I" and the "Me" James had a cool way of splitting the self into two parts: P.A.D - "I-self" - The part of you that’s aware, the thinking, knowing part. It’s who you are deep down. - "Me-self" - How you see yourself, like your personality, your social roles (student, sibling), and even your stuff (your body, your belongings). William James (1842-1910) James conceptualized three different but interrelated aspects of the Me self : P.A.D 1. Material Self: Your body and possessions. 2. Social Self: How others perceive you and your social roles. 3. Spiritual Self: Your inner values, beliefs, and sense of purpose. William James Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a psychological theory that explains human motivation. It posits that humans have five levels of needs: physiological, safety, love and belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization. P.A.D Physiological needs are basic survival needs, safety needs provide protection, love and belonging provide love and belonging, self-esteem leads to self-esteem and recognition, and self-actualization aims for personal growth. Once a lower-level need is met, the next higher- level need becomes the primary motivator. Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)  The Hierarchy of Needs is composed of (read from bottom to top): 5. Self-Actualization. At the top of the hierarchy, is the desire to realize one's potential, experience personal growth, and improve oneself while pursuing meaningful and fulfilling experiences. P.A.D 4. Esteem. People pursue self-esteem, recognition, and respect after their lower- level needs are met in an effort to improve their self-image and win the respect of others. 3. Love and Belonging. As humans look for companionship and affection from others, this level encompasses the need for social connections, relationships, and a sense of belonging. Abraham Maslow 2. Safety. To feel safe from harm and danger, people seek safety, security, and stability in their surroundings. 1.Physiological. The fundamental biological necessities for survival include things like food, water, shelter, and sleep. Self-Actualization Framework Carl Rogers developed the Self-actualisation Framework, suggesting that individuals have an innate desire to fulfill P.A.D their full potential. The framework introduces the ideal self and the real self, which, when aligned, lead to congruence and fulfillment. Incongruence between the two can lead to psychological distress. To cope with incongruence, individuals may employ defense mechanisms like distortion and denial. Rogers introduced the concepts of the true and false self, highlighting the importance of authenticity in personal development. Carl Rogers (1902-1987) He believed that human is motivated to fulfill one’s potential and achieve the highest level of being-ness, which he coined “actualizing tendency.” Actualizing tendency is the basic force of life – we are always trying to better ourselves in some way. Also, he further divided the self into two categories: the ideal self and the real self. 1. The IDEAL SELF is the person that you would like yourself to be; it is your concept of the” best me” who is worthy of admiration. 2. The REAL SELF is the person you actually are. It is how you behave right at the moment of a situation. It is who you are in reality-how you think, feel, or act at present. For a person to achieve self-actualization, the individual’s ideal and real self must be in a state of congruence. This would mean that a person’s “ideal self” (who yourself would like to be) is congruent with your actual behavior/ real self (self-image), only then you become a fully functioning person. The self-image is different to the ideal self The self-image is similar to the ideal self There is only a little overlap There is a more overlap Self-actualization will be difficult Can self-actualize  The two chief defenses are: 1. Distortion happens when a person misinterprets an P.A.D experience in order to fit it into some aspect of his/her self-concept. The person perceives the experience in awareness but fails to understand its true meaning. 2. Denial is when an individual refuse to perceive an experience in awareness, or at least keep some aspect of it from reaching symbolization. Carl Rogers  True and False Self To attain self-actualization one should be align with the actual self or real or true self, as proposed by Carl Rogers in the previous topic. But what is true and authentic self? How P.A.D can you connect to such self? Dr. Donald Winnicott (1896- 1971) a British psychoanalyst and prominent pediatrician proposed the theory of true and false self in his paper in 1960. He asserted that a person has two selves the true self and false self (Parker & Davis, 2009). Donald Winnicott (1896-1971)  He asserted that a person has two selves the true self and false self (Parker & Davis, 2009). 1. The True Self refers to a sense of self; who you P.A.D really are; and the one who experience/feeling the moment of being alive. 2. The False Self is the protective shield the vulnerable true self. Its behaviors are leant and controlled by the environment that surrounds you. Donald Winnicott PRESENTORS : DEMETRIO, ETHAN CATBAGAN, JOHN PAUL GAAN, IVAN CLARK LAGARE SABANDON, AVERY JOHNSON APLACADOR, CARL LASCUNA, ANGELITO