Psychological Perspective of the Self PDF

Psychological Aspect of the Self Understanding the Self Instructors  “The self thus become aware of itself, at least in its practical action, and discovers itself as a cause among other causes and as an object subject to same laws as other objects.”...

Psychological Aspect of the Self Understanding the Self Instructors  “The self thus become aware of itself, at least in its practical action, and discovers itself as a cause among other causes and as an object subject to same laws as other objects.” Jean Piaget The ‘Self’ as a Cognitive Construction What is Psychology? How can Psychology help us understand the Self and know In this lesson, you will who we really are? encounter a few scientific theories about the ‘self’ and how this contribute to the shaping of the Identity.  Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development The theory itself deals with the nature of knowledge and how human generally acquire it. There are three basic components of cognitive development theory.  Stages of cognitive Schemas/schemes Adaptation development These are building It involves the The child’s thought blocks of childs learning process reflect the knowledge. process to meet increasing Mental situational sophistication. organizations used demands There are four in understanding stages in this the environment component and designate action. Adaptation Assimilation Accommodation - Application of previous - Happens when an individual concepts to new concepts. encounters a completely new information or when existing ideas are challenged. Stages of Cognitive development 4 Sensorimotor 3 Preoperational 2 Concrete operations 1 Formal operations STAGE AGE CHARACTERISTICS OF STAGES Sensorimotor 0–2 The child learns by doing: looking, touching, or sucking. The child also has a primitive understanding of cause – and – effect relationships. Object permanence appears around 9 months. Preoperational 2–7 The child uses language and symbols, including letters and numbers. Egocentrism is also evident. Concrete operations 7 – 11 The child demonstrates conservation, reversibility, serial ordering, and a mature understanding of cause – and – effect relationship. Formal operations 12+ The individual demonstrates abstract thinking Susan Harter’s Self Development Concept Stages of Self – development concept 4 Early childhood 3 Middle to later childhood 2 Adolescence 1 Emerging adults STAGE AGE CHARACTERISTICS OF STAGES Early childhood The child describes the ‘self’ in terms of concrete, observable characteristics such as physical attributes (I’m pretty/strong/ugly), material possessions(I have a lot of toys), behaviors(I love playing with my toys), and preferences(I like candies than rice). Middle to later childhood The self is described in terms of trait like constructs (eg. Smart, honest, friendly, shy) that would require hierarchical skills characteristics of logical thought development. Adolescence This stage is the emergence of more abstract self – definitions such as inner thoughts, emotions, attitudes, and motives. For example, a 15 year old girl conceptualizes herself as complicated, sensitive, friendly, outgoing, self – conscious, obnoxious. In simple terms, this stage is where a person usually explores. Emerging adults The ‘self’ in this stage is also known as the ‘possible self’. A person is already thinking for the future. For example, a college student.  William James and the “me – self; I – self” William James gave one of the earliest self – theory of psychological analyses. The self has two elements, the I – self and the me – self.  I – self Pure ego Subjective self Aware of its own actions  I – self has four features A sense of being the agent or I believe my actions have an impact; that I initiator of behavior. cause an effect in my environment. I am different from everything in my A sense of being unique environment A sense of continuity I am the same person from day 1 to day I understand what’s going on A sense of awareness  me – self Physical characteristics Objective self Verifiable through experience rather than pure logic Me - self Material Social Spiritual Physical appearance and extensions Interpersonal relationship Personality, character, or defining of it such as clothing, immediate values family, and home.  Thank you! I hope you learned something from our discussion.