PSYC 301 Exam 4 Review Guide PDF

PSYC 301 Dr. Cole Exam 4 Review Guide HOW TO STUDY Review these tips again. Pick a couple new strategies to try! WHAT TO STUDY Class 20: Sleep & Dreams Why do we sleep? Why is this an enduring mystery to neu...

PSYC 301 Dr. Cole Exam 4 Review Guide HOW TO STUDY Review these tips again. Pick a couple new strategies to try! WHAT TO STUDY Class 20: Sleep & Dreams Why do we sleep? Why is this an enduring mystery to neuroscientists? What aspects of sleep seem paradoxical? What are some known sleep functions? How does sleep deprivation affect health? What is EEG? How does it work? ○ What does it mean if brain activity is stochastic? ○ What does it mean if brain activity is synchronized? ○ Be able to identify sleep stages based on wave forms REM vs. SWS vs. N2 vs. Wakefulness N1 is pretty hard to tell without a lot of practice, I won’t ask you to identify its waveforms What are the key stages of sleep? Understand the differences between ○ N1 ○ N2 ○ SWS ○ REM How does brain activity differ in SWS and REM? How does ○ REM affect memory consolidation? ○ SWS affect memory consolidation? ○ Know some examples of both What is the glympathic theory of sleep? ○ How might sleep deprivation influence certain diseases? PSYC 301 Dr. Cole Exam 4 Review Guide What are some sleep dependent (S-process) and sleep independent (C-process) influences on circadian rhythms? How might they influence sleep onset/debt? What controls sleep cycles? Understand their basic mechanisms ○ Adenosine ○ Melatonin (know steps of release) ○ Cortisol ○ Body Temperature How might changes in circadian rhythms alter the levels of the above components? Why might screen usage increase sleep latency? What are the two main forms of sleep disorders? Understand the basics of: ○ Narcolepsy ○ Sleepwalking ○ Night Terrors ○ Sleep Apnea Understand the basic theories of dream origin ○ Activation-Synthesis ○ Expectation-Fulfillment ○ Threat-Simulation What are nightmares? What tends to cause them? Class 21: Injury & Neuroimmunology What defines a neurological disorder? How is it different from a mental disorder? Intellectual disorder? Learning disorder? How do we classify neurological disorders? What are some common characteristics of neurodegeneration that lead to neurological/mental deficits? What is a risk factor? How does it different from a cause? ○ Genetics ○ Epigenetics ○ Behavioral ○ Injury ○ Infection PSYC 301 Dr. Cole Exam 4 Review Guide What are some common characteristics of TBI? ○ How does it differ from a concussion? ○ What is CTE? What are its major risk factors? ○ Understand the acute vs. chronic stages What are some symptoms of peripheral nerve damage? ○ Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Carpal Tunnel syndrome, What is a pathogen? Know some common pathogens can affect the nervous system. ○ Virus, bacteria, parasites, fungi, protozoans ○ What is a prion? ○ Meningitis ○ Toxoplasmosis gondii Neuroimmune response ○ How do astrocytes aid in defense of the nervous system? ○ What do microglia do? Understand the basic steps of microglia activation. What do they release to combat injury/infection? Non-infectious brain conditions ○ Alzheimer’s/dementia ○ Huntington’s Disease ○ Parkinson’s Disease ○ Stroke ○ Brain Tumors Class 22: Mental Disorders What defines a mental disorder? How does it overlap/differ from a neurological condition? Learning disorder? Intellectual disorder? What is the DSM V? Why is it important to psychology? Understand some of the attributes of the major classifications of mental disorders. Know a few examples from each. ○ Mood Disorder ○ Anxiety Disorder ○ Psychotic Disorder ○ Personality Disorder PSYC 301 Dr. Cole Exam 4 Review Guide ○ Eating Disorders ○ Sleep Disorders ○ Sexual Disorders ○ Impulse Disorders What are positive and negative symptoms? ○ What are some examples of positive/negative symptoms in schizophrenia? What is a risk factor? ○ How do genetics, environment, and epigenetics play a role in mental disorder onset? ○ What does it mean for a condition to be heritable? ○ How does brain chemistry effect subjective experience and onset of certain symptoms? How are mental disorders addressed? ○ What are the least severe interventions? The most? Understand how lifestyle, drugs, psychoeducation, therapy, and psychosurgery may be applied to address Mental Disorders What is OCD? What are some characteristics and how do we classify it? What is BPD? What are some characteristics and how do we classify it? What is schizophrenia? What are some characteristics and how do we classify it? What is Antisocial Personality Disorder? What are some characteristics and how do we classify it? What are paraphilias? What are some characteristics and how do we classify it? Class 23: Plasticity In what ways is plasticity positive? (i.e., how is it adaptive?). Can you think of a way in which plasticity could be negative? (i.e., how can it also be maladaptive?) ○ Identify specific examples What is BDNF and why is it important? ○ What are the main functions of BDNF? ○ What are the consequences of low levels of BDNF? How does BDNF work? PSYC 301 Dr. Cole Exam 4 Review Guide Would you want to know your genotype for the BDNF gene? Why or why not? ○ Note: Answering yes or no is fine as long as you can answer the why portion Why do we care that BDNF increases the number and complexity of dendrites? (in terms of the function of the brain) What is our current understanding of the role of serotonin in depression? ○ In what ways is our knowledge limited? ○ How does BDNF relate to our understanding of serotonin and depression? (know the neurotrophic hypothesis of depression and why it is important) What are the practical applications of BDNF? Are there ways that it can be used to treat depression? ○ Why is our ability to treat depression with BDNF limited?