PSY100 Module Summary PDF

PSY100 MODULE 1 LESSON 1: PSYCHOLOGY AND POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY Describe Protect Predict Control Theories - A set of hypothesize statements about the relationship among events. - Propose reason for relationship among events as in perception of a threat can arouse f...

PSY100 MODULE 1 LESSON 1: PSYCHOLOGY AND POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY Describe Protect Predict Control Theories - A set of hypothesize statements about the relationship among events. - Propose reason for relationship among events as in perception of a threat can arouse feelings of anxiety. - these alows us to derive explanations and prediction. What psychology do? Research - find solutions to specific personal or social problems. Practice - To help individuals to change their behavior. (F2f) Teaching - To share knowledge in classroom, seminar, workshops. (Seminars) Fields of psychology: Clinical Psychologists - Helps people who have anxiety and depression. Counceling Psychologists - Interview and tests to help the clients. (Adjustment problems). Less serious compared to clinical. School Psychologists (Individual approach) - Assist students who have problems that interfere with learning. Ex: Students can't participate in class because of his thingking limits. His grades are low because of his disorder. Educational Psychologists (General) - Focus on course planning and instructional methods for school system rather than on individual students. - strategy or methods to solve the student's problem. (Course of planning) Developmental Psychologist - Study of changes—physical, cognitive, social and emotional. - they attempt to sort out the influences of heredity and the environment. Personality Psychologists - Identify and measure human traits. - Concerned with issues such us anxiety, aggression, sexual orientation, and gender roles.  Social Psychologists - causes of individuals thought, feelings and behavior in social situations. - adapting behavior of other people Environmental Psychologist - study the ways that people and the environment—the natural environment and the human made environment—influence one another. - influence of environmental to yourself. Ex: your classmates influence you to study hard then he influence you to be noisy. Experimental Psychologists - Specialized in basic process such as nervous system, sensation and perception, learning and memory, thought, motivation, and emotion. - Social experiments Forensic Psychologists - apply for the criminal justice system. - Crime Sports Psychologists - Help athletes concentrate on their performance and not on crowd. - enhance performance and avoided pressure. - comforting the candidate if he lost or something bad happened. POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY - Focuses on understanding the factors and processes that underpin the worthwhile life. - topics such as hope, optimism, creativity, forgiveness, gratitude, wisdom, happiness, self determination, well being, and resilience. Subjectively - About yourself (based on your opinion, decisions) Objectively - having a criteria/protocol. Psychology is has focused on darker side of human nature mental illness rather than mental health, pathology rather than subjective well being. Positive Psychology approach - New subdiscipline of psychology LESSON 2: HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY Socrates - Greek philosopher about 2500 years ago “Know thyself” Aristotle - argued that human behavior, like the movement of the stars. Democritus - suggested that we could think behavior im terms of body and mind. - External stimulation Introspection - (Aristotle) careful examination of one's own thoughts and emotions. STRUCTURALISM - attempted to break conscious experience down into object sensation. Sight, taste. Memories and dreams. Wundt - founded school of psychology called structuralism. School of psychology - Structuralism FUNCTIONALISM - focused on behavior as well as the mind or consciousness. William James - Founder of school of functionalism  BEHAVIORISM - Study of observable behavior and studies relationship between stimuli and responses. Ex: Giving a star on elementary students because of their excellence. B.F skinner He believe that organisms learn to behave in certain ways because they have been reinforced for doing. GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY - perception influences thinking and problem solving. Ex: if you tear a paper into four, gestalt said it's not the same anymore. Covert - Inner feelings Overt - outer feelings (anxiety, etc...) Pattern or Organized whole - The german gesalt translates to? PSYCHOANALYSIS - unconscious ideas and impulses that originate in childhood conflicts. Slip of the tongue - Unconscious words LESSON 3: PERSPECTIVE IN PSYCHOLOGY Biological perspective - seek the relationship between brain, hormones, heredity, and evolution. Behavior= hereditary or Hormones Cognitive Perspective - Realm of of mental processes to understand human nature. (How we think). Humanistic Existential Perspective - Cognitive flavor, yet it emphasize the role of subjective (personal) experience. - Self Fulfilment/Awareness Humanism - human capacity for self fulfillment - how you exist to other people - there's “no choice” Existentialism - views people as free to choose and as being responsible for ethical conduct. PERSPECTIVE IN PSYCHOLOGY Psychodynamic perspective - unconscious ideas  Perspective on Learning - learning has different meanings Ex: both of you study the math and when you both explain to other people, it's changing(not the same). We teach what we learn. Sociocultural Perspective - studies on influence of ethnicity, culture, and socioeconomic status. - Behavior in Culture Ex: In Philippines "sitsit" is allowed to called someone, but in other countries it's not. Socioeconomic status - Different behavior depends on status in life Ex: Rich & Poor LESSON 4: MAJOR SUBDISCIPLINE IN PSYCHOLOGY Abnormal psychology - patterns to identify, understand and resolve amy issues. Behavioral Genetics - Genetics studies the inheritance Behavioral Neuroscience - Biological basis of behavior Clinical Psychology - study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders. Cognitive Psychology - focuses on Study of higher mental process. Counceling Psychology - Adjustment problems Developmental Psychology - how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death.  Educational Psychology - Teaching and learning process Environmental Psychology - Relationship between people and their physical environment. Experimental Psychology - process of sensing, learning, perceiving about the world. Forensic Psychology - focuses in legal issues, witness memories. Health Psychology - Relation between psychological factors and physical alignments. Industrial / Organizational psychology - psychology of workplace Personality Psychology - consistency of people's behavior over time and traits that differentiate one person to another. Social Psychology - Study of people's thought, feelings, and actions. LESSON 5: INTRODUCTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHOD. Scientific Method - Organized way of using experience Correlation - finding the cause and effect Sample and Population - sample is part of population - population is the complete group Problems in Generalizing from Psychological Research Random sample Stratified Volunteer Bias Blind and double blind Placebo - it's all on mind Blind - unaware Double Blind - no one knows who receives the treatment.