PSY 101 Human Growth and Development PDF

PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology Course Instructor: Philip Centene D. Siloterio, RPm Human Growth and Development Growth, Development, and Life- Span Perspective Growth Is defined in psychology as the series of physical changes occurring from conception. It talks about the q...

PSY 101 Introduction to Psychology Course Instructor: Philip Centene D. Siloterio, RPm Human Growth and Development Growth, Development, and Life- Span Perspective Growth Is defined in psychology as the series of physical changes occurring from conception. It talks about the quantitative and physical changes of a human person. Development can be defined as systematic changes and continuities in the individual that occur between conception and death, or from “womb to tomb.” Development entails many changes; by describing these changes as systematic, we imply that they are orderly, patterned, and relatively enduring—not fleeting and unpredictable like mood swings. Development also involves continuities, ways in which we remain the same or continue to reflect our past selves. This refers to the changes in qualities of a person or individual. The systematic changes and continuities of human development fall into three broad domains: 1. Physical development. The growth of the body and its organs, the functioning of physiological systems including the brain, physical signs of aging, changes in motor abilities, and so on. 2. Cognitive development. Changes and continuities in perception, language, learning, memory, problem solving, and other mental processes. 3. Psychosocial development. Changes and carryover in personal and interpersonal aspects of development, such as motives, emotions, personality traits, interpersonal skills and relationships, and roles played in the family and in the larger society. Life-span Perspective perspective that development is lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual; involves growth, maintenance, and regulation; and is constructed through biological, sociocultural, and individual factors working together.  An Overview Period of Life Span Period of Life Age Range Prenatal period Conception to birth Infancy First 2 years of life (the first month is the neonatal or newborn period) Preschool period 2 to 5 or 6 years (some prefer to describe as toddlers children who have begun to walk and are age 1 to 3) Middle childhood 6 to about 12 (or until the onset of puberty) Adolescence Approximately 12 to 20 (or when the individual becomes relatively independent of parents and begins to assume adult roles) Early adulthood 20 to 40 years (some distinguish an emerging adulthood period from 18 to 29) Middle adulthood 40 to 65 years Late adulthood 65 years and older (some break out subcategories such as the young-old, old-old, and very old based on differences in functioning)  THE LANGUAGE OF NATURE AND NURTURE Nature Nurture Heredity Environment Maturation Learning Genes Experience Innate or biologically based Cultural influences predispositions Heredity and Genetics Heredity Refers to the process of passing on the traits and characteristics from one generation to the other. These traits can be found in genes, and inside the genes is a substance called DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid). Principles: Reproduction Variation Chance Dominance and Recessiveness Methods of Research on Human Development How do we study life-span development? Scientific Method Behavioral Observation Natural Observation Case Study Structured Observation Experimental Research Correlational Studies References: Rider, E. A. S. C. K. A. (2021). life-span Human Development 7th edition (7th ed.). Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Santrock, J. (2012). Life-Span Development (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. Otig, V. S., Hontiveros, M. L. M., & Gallinero, W. B. (2015). General Psychology with Drug Education. Mutya Publishing House, Inc. Kalat, J. W. (2016). Introduction to Psychology (11th ed.). Cengage Learning.