Royal Holloway PS2050: Personality and Individual Differences Introduction Lecture PDF

PS2050: Personality and Individual Differences Dr. Beatrice Hayes Teaching Fellow & Year Two Coordinator [email protected] @drbeatricehayes Wolfson 242 These sometimes Dro...

PS2050: Personality and Individual Differences Dr. Beatrice Hayes Teaching Fellow & Year Two Coordinator [email protected] @drbeatricehayes Wolfson 242 These sometimes Drop-ins: change, so please Wednesdays 4-5pm in-person always check the intranet Student Page Fridays 10:30-11:30am MS Teams beforehand! 1  Structure and Learning Objectives 1 2 3 4 Who will be Which topics Which key Which key teaching me? will be terms should I theories should I ❑ I know who will be covered? know? know? teaching me across ❑ I know which topics ❑ I can define the term ❑ I can outline a range this module. of different will be covered across “personality”. the module. ❑ I can debate how personality theories. ❑ I know how to prepare “personality” is for lectures across defined. this module. 2 Who will be teaching me? Higher education Cyberpsychology Online Mental health and communication wellbeing Dr. Beatrice Hayes (she/her) Any questions related to this module, please come and see me (Wolfson 242) during my drop-in hours, or email me [email protected] [email protected] 3 Who will be teaching me? Lecturers across this module Self- Contingency Self- regulation learning talk False beliefs Dr. Sahana Shankar Dr. Philip Solomon-Turay (she/her) 4  Structure and Learning Objectives 1 2 3 4 Who will be Which topics Which key Which key teaching me? will be terms should I theories should I ✓ I know who will be covered? know? know? teaching me across ❑ I know which topics ❑ I can define the term ❑ I can outline a range this module. of different will be covered across “personality”. the module. ❑ I can debate how personality theories. ❑ I know how to prepare “personality” is for lectures across defined. this module. 5 Which topics will be covered? W/c Topic Teaching 30th Sept Introduction Beatrice 7th Oct Personality traits Philip 14th Oct Biological basis Philip 21st Oct Personality change Sahana 28th Oct Personality & wellbeing Sahana READING WEEK 11th Nov Personality & the internet Beatrice x 18th Nov 25th Nov Human intelligence Emotional intelligence & testing misuses Sahana Sahana 2nd Dec The Dark Personality Beatrice 9th Dec Revision & exam prep Beatrice 2-hour lecture Mondays 4-6pm Windsor Auditorium 6 Which topics will be covered? Preparing for lectures… Vevox: 135-189-262 7 Which topics will be covered? Preparing for Lectures Ensure to do the essential reading. Additional reading will strengthen your understanding. Explore further readings and find your own sources via the library. 8 Which topics will be covered? Preparing for Lectures Which would you prefer? Engaging with pre-lecture activities is associated with Hill et al., 2017 higher grades (Hill et al., 2017), reduce in-lecture Vevox: 135- Seery Donnelly, 2012 cognitive load (Seery & Donnelly, 2012) and enhanced transition into a module (Stull Stull et al., 2011 et al., 2011). 189-262 Engaging with post-lecture activities is associated with White et al., 2022 better exam performance (White et al., 2022) and Nevid Mahon, 2009 engagement during the lecture (Nevid & Mahon, 2009). 9 Which topics will be covered? Preparing for Assignments/Exams Coursework (30%) Exam (70%) Due: 10am, 11th January 2024. November 2024. In-person. 2000-word essay. 2/5 questions. Lots of detailed Lots of detailed guidance on 9th guidance available December (exam on Moodle. prep lecture) and available on Moodle. 10 Which topics will be covered? Asking Questions Is your question about Have you checked Is your question about the guidance on lecture content? assessments? Moodle? Post your question on the PS2050 Forum. Is it a question you Check this want to ask publicly? first. There is lots of detailed information available. Still have a question… …about lecture …about assessments? content? 11  Structure and Learning Objectives 1 2 3 4 Who will be Which topics Which key Which key teaching me? will be terms should I theories should I ✓ I know who will be covered? know? know? teaching me across ✓ I know which topics ❑ I can define the term ❑ I can outline a range this module. of different will be covered across “personality”. the module. ❑ I can debate how personality theories. ✓ I know how to prepare “personality” is for lectures across defined. this module. 12 Which key terms should I know? Internal storage of patterns that influence Biology is involved in behaviour. who we are. Originates from the Latin word persona (meaning Not static, but ”mask”) which further adjustable. “a dynamic organisation, originates from the Greek word prosopon inside the person, of (meaning “face”). psychophysical systems Personality research is that creates the person’s essentially studying the characteristic patterns of ‘masks’ that people behaviour, thoughts and wear. Personality feelings” - Allport (1961). Consistency/continuity which uniquely identify Personality is linked an individual. to the inner psychological experience of the Encompasses a wide self. range of psychological manifestations. 13 Which key terms should I know? More observable More closely Often expected Steyer et al., 1999 (Steyer et al., 1999) Steyer et al., 1999 Most contested out (Steyer et al., 1999) linked to wellbeing Magee of the two! than trait (Magee Biesanz, 2017 Magee Biesanz, 2017 & Biesanz, 2017) Relatively enduring The response or reaction disposition that exerts a Trait State to a situation an individual consistent influence on is in at that given time. behaviours. 14 Which key terms should I know? Explored in great Informed by depth within collectivist cultures developmental Way Lieberman, 2010 (Way & Lieberman, psychology. Linked with trait. Way 2010) Linked with state. Lieberman, 2010 Biological and heritable Nature Nurture Social and environmental factors. factors. 15 Which key terms should I know? How a person behaves across How a person time. Continuity behaves across situations. Consistency Uniqueness The distinctiveness of a person’s behaviour. 16 Which key terms should I know? 1. To whatA couple of women with long blonde hair Description automatically generated extent do you think their 2. Do you think similar their trait and personalities are state down to nature personalities are or nurture? the same? Or might they differ? 3. Do you think people’s descriptions of personality may shape how these twins behave? 17  Structure and Learning Objectives 1 2 3 4 Who will be Which topics Which key Which key teaching me? will be terms should I theories should I ✓ I know who will be covered? know? know? teaching me across ✓ I know which topics ✓ I can define the term ❑ I can outline a range this module. of different will be covered across “personality”. the module. ✓ I can debate how personality theories. ✓ I know how to prepare “personality” is for lectures across defined. this module. 18 Which key theories should I know? Freudian theory Learning theory Humanistic theory 19 Which key theories should I know? Freudian theory Conscious Preconscious Unconscious Personality is shaped by forces deep within Repressed the mind that we are unaware of. 20 Which key theories should I know? Freudian theory The Id The Ego The Manages the Id and Responds to Superego the Superego. basic biological Difficult to balance Internalisation instincts. of approved/ both which often Driven disapproved results in anxiety. primarily by behaviours Copes using pleasure (social defence seeking. morality). mechanisms. 21 Which key theories should I know? Problems at this Freudian theory stage can lead to later obsessiveness. Oral Stage Anal Stage Phallic Stage Latent Stage Genital Stage Birth to 1 1-3 years. 3-6 years. 6 years- Puberty- year. Learning Discovering puberty. adulthood. Learning to how to use genital Dormant Sexual use the the anus. pleasure. libido. maturity. mouth. Where the Where the Superego Battle Where the Id and Ego Superego continues between Id, Id and Ego develop. develops. to develop. Ego and develop. Superego begins. Problems at Problems at this Problems at this Problems at this this stage stage can lead stage can lead stage can lead can lead to to later to later self- to later sexual later insecurity. obsession. dysfunction. aggression. 22 Which key theories should I know? Learning theory Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning (Watson) (Skinner) Situation Situation Behaviour Consequence Consequence Situation Situation Behaviour Behaviour Behaviour Watson Raynor (1920) e.g., Watson & Raynor Watson (1920) Raynor e.g., disciplining a child Altman Linton, 1971 Little Albert (Altman & Linton, 1971) 23 Which key theories should I know? Humanistic theory Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Openness, cheerfulness, positivity, sense of Rodrigues Deuskar, 2018 control (Rodrigues & Rodrigues Deuskar, 2018 Deuskar, 2018). Aggression, sensitivity, negativity Medcalf et al., 2013 (Medcalf et al., 2013). 24  Structure and Learning Objectives 1 2 3 4 Who will be Which topics Which key Which key teaching me? will be terms should I theories should I ✓ I know who will be covered? know? know? teaching me across ✓ I know which topics ✓ I can define the term ✓ I can outline a range this module. of different will be covered across “personality”. the module. ✓ I can debate how personality theories. ✓ I know how to prepare “personality” is for lectures across defined. this module. 25  Freudian theory Learning theory Humanistic theory How might you critique these theories? Vevox: 135-189-262 26 2000 pupils aged 11-18 years from across Northeast 17% of pupils are Sage England. registered with special educational needs College (SEN) 48% of pupils receive free school meals (FSM) 32% of pupils are registered pupil premium. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA  Olivia Nicky Monique Caspar Luke Tye Dasha This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA I am looking for volunteers to help with… Tuesday 6th December Selling drinks and snacks Boilerhouse Auditorium Designing a poster and tickets Setting and clearing up Doors open at 6pm Pop me an email if you are Film starts at 6:15pm interested!  Dr. Beatrice Hayes Teaching Fellow & Year Two Coordinator [email protected] @drbeatricehayes Wolfson 242 These sometimes Drop-ins: change, so please Wednesdays 4-5pm in-person always check the intranet Student Page Fridays 10:30-11:30am MS Teams beforehand!