Neuroscience 3 Chapter 3 Lecture Notes PDF

Neuroscience 3 Chapter 3 HASHEMI – PS101 MC1 2 Learning objectives 1. Understand the neuroscientists’ tools/methods 2. Name and describe the functions of the major parts of the nervous system 3. Link key brain structures to behaviour 4. Distinguish the two major types of cells in th...

Neuroscience 3 Chapter 3 HASHEMI – PS101 MC1 2 Learning objectives 1. Understand the neuroscientists’ tools/methods 2. Name and describe the functions of the major parts of the nervous system 3. Link key brain structures to behaviour 4. Distinguish the two major types of cells in the nervous system 5. Describe how neurons communicate and learn 6. Understand the neuroscience of some brain injuries 7. Use evolutionary theory to understand our brain HASHEMI – PS101 MC1 3 Neuroplasticity The brain’s ability to make new neural connections or to reorganize in response to injury or experience. One specific form: synaptic plasticity “Neurons that fire together, wire together” HASHEMI – PS101 MC1 4 Brain injury Traumatic brain injury: concussions, spinal cord injuries Acquired brain injury: infections, exposure to toxins, tumours, degenerative diseases, strokes HASHEMI – PS101 MC1 5 Brain Injury Activity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1mt2YDiVKc HASHEMI – PS101 MC1 6 Brain Injury Activity Some sports have higher risk of repeated head traumas that can lead to CTE. Each head trauma, and ultimately CTE or other diseases that could result from trauma, costs the health care system some money. In groups od 2-4, briefly discuss and debate these issues: Should those sports be modified to reduce risk? Who should be responsible for medical costs for athletes in these sports? The public? The athlete? The sports league they play for? Someone else? HASHEMI – PS101 MC1 7 Brain Injury Treatments Cooling of the brain and body Early medical care Behavioural (& social) therapies Medications Ultimately, if you can, prevention is the best solution. Sommerlad, A., Kivimäki, M., Larson, E.B. et al. Social participation and risk of developing dementia. Nat Aging 3, 532–545 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-023-00387-0 HASHEMI – PS101 MC1 8 Brain lateralization Corpus callosum connects the two brain hemispheres. Each hemisphere controls/senses the contralateral side. https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7762096 HASHEMI – PS101 MC1 9 Class question Based on what we’ve learned, how do you expect snake venom vs a stroke to manifest differently? HASHEMI – PS101 MC1 10 Next class Finish Neuroscience (evolution section) Review for the midterm taking place in 1 week!!!! Review is entirely based on your questions. Send me questions in advanced so I can prepare slides. Latest time to email me question for a guaranteed answer is Sunday at 8pm. HASHEMI – PS101 MC1 11 Quiz 1 review HASHEMI – PS101 MC1 12 PeerWise Optional participation will reduce the weight of your midterm or exam by 3% Generate at least 3 high-quality questions before Test 1, and another 3 before last day of class. We will discuss what a high-quality question another day Answer & give feedback to 3 of your peers’ questions before Test 1, and another 3 before last day of class Sign up at https://peerwise.cs.auckland.ac.nz/at/?wlu_ca Course ID: 27478 Identifier: your WLU student # HASHEMI – PS101 MC1 13 PeerWise: as an author Each question will have 1 stem (i.e., the question itself) 1 correct answer 3 distractor/lure answers. You must also write an explanation for the correct answer, AND why each of the distractors are incorrect Tag your questions to the chapter for easy sorting and use by peers HASHEMI – PS101 MC1 14 PeerWise: as an answerer Comment on the questions you complete Rate the question on difficulty (easy-hard) and quality (0-5) Tag the authors question with additional useful tags Adapted from: https://peerwise.cs.auckland.ac.nz/docs/community/mcq_writing_tricky_business/PeerWise-scaffolding-for-Vet-students.pdf HASHEMI – PS101 MC1 15 PeerWise: why?! As you write question, you will… Check you understanding. Highlight confusions. Increase you learning Adapted from: https://peerwise.cs.auckland.ac.nz/docs/community/mcq_writing_tricky_business/PeerWise-scaffolding-for-Vet-students.pdf HASHEMI – PS101 MC1 16 PeerWise: some tips Don’t give a clue in the stem (an, plural) Don’t give the answer in another question Don’t mix definite responses and qualifications Do make all distractors approximately the same length Don’t use a distractor that is 100% implausible Do be sure the correct answer is unique Adapted from: https://peerwise.cs.auckland.ac.nz/docs/community/mcq_writing_tricky_business/PeerWise-scaffolding-for-Vet-students.pdf HASHEMI – PS101 MC1 17 PeerWise: some tips Bad Questions......are too simplistic...don’t explore complex subjects...don’t anticipate topics/nuances others find tough Bad Distractors......signal what the answer is...are too different...aren’t plausible enough...cannot be explained Adapted from: https://peerwise.cs.auckland.ac.nz/docs/community/mcq_writing_tricky_business/PeerWise-scaffolding-for-Vet-students.pdf HASHEMI – PS101 MC1 18