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The factors contributed to the birth of the Filipino Nationalism. The opening of the Philippines to the international or world trade, the rise of the middle class, and the influx of liberal ideas from Europe was only a few examples of how the Philippines developed into a stable country. The first ma...

The factors contributed to the birth of the Filipino Nationalism. The opening of the Philippines to the international or world trade, the rise of the middle class, and the influx of liberal ideas from Europe was only a few examples of how the Philippines developed into a stable country. The first manifestation of the Philippine nationalism followed in the decades of the 1880s and the 1890s, with a reform or propaganda movement, conducted both in Spain and in the Philippines, for the purpose of "propagandizing" Philippine conditions in the hopes that desired changes in the social, political and economic life of the Filipinos would come about through peaceful means. **In 1986**, Pres. Corazon Aquino adopted Original Pilipino Music (OPM, defined as "any musical compositions created by a Filipino, whether the lyrics be in Pilipino, English or in any other language or dialect") by requiring hourly broadcasts of OPM songs on all radio programs having musical formats in order to conserve, promote and popularize the nation's historical and cultural heritage and resources, as well as artistic creation and to give patronage to arts and letters. Singers like Regine Velasquez, Randy Santiago, Ogie Alcasid, Gary Valenciano, Manilyn Reynes, Donna Cruz and other are contributed to the President's implementation of filipino music over the airwaves. Stations like DZOO-FM, DSWLS, etc., are adopting hourly OPMs effectively after the implementation. Aquino also encouraged the tourism sector to boost the national economy. Under her six-year term, the department of tourism launched a program called The Philippines: Fiesta Islands of Asia in 1989, offers tourist visits in the country to show their natural wonders, to protect their indigenous peoples, to preserve heritage sites and to contribute historical importance. **In 1987**, then President Corazon C. Aquino penned Executive Order No. 118 creating the Presidential Commission on Culture and Arts. Five years later, in 1992 this presidential directive was enacted into Law- Republic Act 7356, creating the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCAA). **On June 12, 1898**, the nation celebrated its centennial year of independence from Spain. The celebrations were held simultaneously nationwide by then President Fidel V. Ramos and Filipino communities worldwide. A commission was established for the said event, the National Centennial Commission headed by former Vice President Salvador Laurel presided all events around the country. One of the major projects of the commission was the Expo Pilipino, a grand showcase of the Philippines growth as a nation for the last 100 years, in the Clark Special Economic Zone (formerly Clark Air Base) in Angeles City, Pampanga. During his term, President Joseph Estrada ordered to the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) to adopt a Filipino language-based radio format known as masa- named for his icon term Masa (or Masses). All radio stations adopted the masa format in 1998. Many stations continued to use the masa format after President Estrada left the presidency in 2001 because the masa format resonated with listeners. Some in the radio industry decry the effects masa formatting has had. **On August 14, 2010**, President Benigno Aquino III directed the Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC) and the NIC to fully implement Executive Order No. 255, issued on July 25, 1987 by former Philippine President Corazon Aquino, requiring all radio stations to broadcast a minimum of four original Filipino musical compositions in every clock hour of programs with a musical format. **On April 13, 2012**, the Manila Times, the Oldest English language newspaper in the Philippines, published an editorial titled "Unpatriotic editing and reporting", taking the Filipino journalistic community to task for their reporting of what it described as "confrontation between our Philippine Navy and 'law enforcement' ships of the People's republic of China" in the spratly islands. The editorial opined that Philippine reports should state that disputed territories are Philippine territory, and characteristics those who refer to disputed territories as "being claimed by the Philippines" as "unpatriotic writers and editors". **On February 14, 2013**, National Book Store, the Philippines largest bookstore chain, has withdrawn Chinese made globes, which reflect Chinas nine-dotted line encompassing the South China Sea, from its shelves. Department of Foreign Affairs spokesman Raul Hernandez said in a statement that, "National Bookstore" has taken a patriotic position to proactively support the Philippine government in advancing Philippine foreign policy objectives." He said the decision to pull out the globes came after a dialogue with the bookstore management, which claimed they were unaware of the "misinformation" contained in the educational materials. **WHAT LAW PROTECTED THE OPM SONGS?** **Answer: EO NO. 255** **HOW MANY OPM SONGS SHOULD BE BROADCAST EVERY CLOCK HOUR?** **Answer: Minimum of 4 OPM songs**