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CEFR Overview The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) outlines what language learners need to do to communicate e ectively. It includes necessary knowledge and skills, emphasizing cultural contexts alongside language learning. Proficiency levels help track learners' progres...

CEFR Overview The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) outlines what language learners need to do to communicate e ectively. It includes necessary knowledge and skills, emphasizing cultural contexts alongside language learning. Proficiency levels help track learners' progress throughout their education and beyond. Proficiency Levels C2 Mastery: Handles complex academic material; can scan texts quickly and e iciently. C1 E ective Operational Proficiency: Communicates e ectively, handles unfamiliar topics confidently. B2 Vantage: Expresses oneself on various topics; can o er detailed descriptions. B1 Threshold: Communicates in familiar situations; manages routine information moderately well. A2 Waystage: Can interact in simple forms; basic ability to engage in conversations. A1 Breakthrough: Very basic communication ability; can understand and use familiar expressions. Communication Elements Feedback Types: Internal feedback: Self-monitoring during interactions. External feedback: Responses from others involved in the communication. E ects of Communication: Changes emotional, physical, or cognitive states through interactions. Outcomes of communication can be subtle and not immediately obvious. Functions of Communication Supports understanding and insight. Fosters meaningful relationships. Enables influence and persuasion. Aids in career development. Types of Communication Intrapersonal Communication: Self-reflection and internal dialogue. Interpersonal Communication: Interaction between individuals. Small Group Communication: Dynamics among small groups. Public Communication: Addressing larger audiences. Influenced by culture, ethics, competence, and technology. Principles of Communication Communication is a continuous, contextual, symbolic, and collaborative process. Cultural factors significantly impact communication. Communication Ethics Ethical communication involves respect, truth, transparency, and considering the impact on society. Essential to have a code of ethics, which sets standards for communication behavior. Globalization Impact Globalization creates new identities and increases cultural interdependence. Diversity and glocalization explain how global and local interests merge. Economical globalization transforms business communication methods. Global and Glocal Communication Global communication shapes perceptions and is integral to the global economy and culture. Glocal communication blends global marketing strategies with local preferences, addressing regional market needs. Intercultural Communication The exchange of information among culturally diverse individuals is essential for e ective communication in an interconnected world. Key problems include ethnocentrism, stereotyping, and prejudice. Cultural Characteristics Individualistic vs. collectivist cultures influence communication preferences. Di erent perceptions of time (M-Time vs. P-Time) a ect interactions. High-context cultures rely on implicit messages; low-context cultures prioritize direct communication. Non-verbal communication styles vary significantly across cultures.