White Blood Cell Classification PDF

Classification Granulocyte - segmented Mononuclear Cells - not segmented but are round, oval, indented, or folded WBC Neutrophil Eosinophil...

Classification Granulocyte - segmented Mononuclear Cells - not segmented but are round, oval, indented, or folded WBC Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Mast Cells Monocyte Lymphocyte with granules that react with granules containing with granules that are Not considered Characteristic with both acid and basic basic proteins that stain acidic and stain with to be leukocytes stains, which gives with acid stains such as basic stains such as them a pink to lavender eosin methylene blue color DEVELOPMENT Site Bone marrow Bone marrow Bone marrow Bone marrow & Bone marrow Thymus Bone marrow and Spleen (but thymus matures in peripheral blood) Stem cell pool Hematopoietic stem cell Hematopoietic stem cell Hematopoietic stem cell Hematopoietic Hematopoietic Hematopoietic stem Hematopoietic stem cell Hematopoietic stem (HSC) (HSC) (HSC) stem cell (HSC) stem cell (HSC) cell (HSC) (HSC) cell (HSC) 1st Common Myeloid Common Myeloid Common Myeloid Common Common Lymphoid Common Lymphoid Common Lymphoid Progenitor Progenitor Progenitor Progenitor Mast cell Myeloid Progenitor Progenitor Progenitor progenitor Progenitor (MCP) 2nd Granulocyte - Monocyte Eosinophil-basophil Eosinophil-basophil Granulocyte - B LYMPHOCYTES T NK CELLS Prolif Progenitor Progenitor (GMP) Progenitor (EBP) Progenitor (EBP) Monocyte LYMPHOCYTES eratio Progenitor STAGES: CD56+CD16+CD3 n (GMP) Pro B STAGES: -CD7+ large Pre B Pro T granular (Mitoti Cytokine Granulocyte IL-3, IL-5 (induced IL-3 and TSLP (thymic KIT ligand Macrophage Immature B cells or Pre T lymphocytes c) colony-stimulating by IL-33), stromal lymphopoietin) colony-stimulati hematogones Immature T Cells cytoplasm Stage factor (G-CSF) GM-CSF ng (M-CSF) - not exposed to contains Three transcription antigen (antigen-naive CATEGORIES: azurophilic factors (GATA-1, B cells) CD4 antigen granules that are PU.1, c/EBP) - migrate to lymph TH1 peroxidase node follicles TH2 negative Myeloblast Type I: Immature Basophil Monoblas - homogeneous TH17 innate immunity N:C ratio of 8:1 Nuclei Round to t nuclear chromatin Treg kill tumor cells and to 4:1 lobulated pattern (CD4+CD25+ virus infected cells slightly Nucleoli may or - scanty cytoplasm regulatory T basophilic not be apparent CD8 antigen fine nuclear Cytoplasm BLUE cytotoxic T chromatin with large lymphocytes  2 to 4 visible BLUE-BLACK nucleoli SECONDARY no visible GRANULES granules Primary azure granules - may or Type II: not be seen dispersed Basophil granules primary - water soluble, (azurophilic) may be dissolved granules if blood film is less than 20 washed granules Type III: dark chromatin more purple cytoplasm more than 20 granules rare in NORMAL bone marrows; can be seen in acute myeloid leukemias Promyelocy nucleus is Charcot-Leyden Crystal Promono 12 to 18 um tes round to oval; protein in the primary cytes in diameter eccentric granules nucleus have slightly paranuclear indented or halo or “hof” folded basophilic chromatin is full of delicate PRIMARY at least 1 (azurophilic) nucleolus GRANULES cytoplasm is blue with scattered azure granules Myelocyte production of First maturation Monocyte larger than primary phase s neutrophils granules Large pale, stick to and STOPS REDDISH-ORA spread out manufacture NGE secondary on GLASS SECONDARY granules with OR  (specific) AZURE PLASTIC neutrophil GRANULES enter granules Electron-dense tissues and dawn of crystalline core. mature into neutrophilia macrophag e, osteoblasts (bone), or dendritic cells (brain) nucleus is deeply indented, horseshoe shaped or folded chromatin pattern is like lace-like or stringy cytoplasm is blue-gray with fine azure granules or azure dust or a ground-glas s appearance Matur Metamyeloc nucleus Third type of Mature Basophil Effector B Cells Effector T Cells ation yte become granule is Nucleus Antibody-producing Reactive lymphocytes (stora indented, generated lobulated but cells known as ge) kidney bean, ‘’SECRETORY obscured by plasma cells and pool peanut shaped GRANULE OR granules plasmacytoid synthesis of VESICLE’’ Chromatin lymphocytes TERTIARY Presence of 2 pattern clumped GRANULES organelles: (if visible) contains very LIPID BODIES Cytoplasm little RNA and SMALL colorless and little or no GRANULES with large basophilia numbers of large Band no RNA BLUE-BLACK tertiary granules granules If granules are  continue to be dissolved, formed reddish purple SECRETORY rim surrounds a GRANULES vacuole begin to form Mature secretory Bilobed nucleus granules Cytoplasm: continue to be refractile, formed ORANGE-RED 2 to 5 nuclear secondary lobes granules connected by thread-like filaments  KINETICS Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Mast Cell Monocyte/ T lymphocytes B Lymphocytes Natural Killer Cells Macrophage Movement: Maturation Time: Life span: NO INFECTION: bone marrow —> (Myelocyte -> Mature 60 hours Promonocyte peripheral blood —> eosinophil): undergo 2 mitotic tissues 3.5 days divisions in 60 hours = 4 monocytes INFECTION IS PRESENT: Promonocyte undergo 4 mitotic divisions in 60 hours = 16 monocytes no storage pool of mature monocytes Production: Turnover Rate: Activated by: 0.9 and 1.0 x 10^9 2.2 x 10^8 cells/kg IL-3 and IL-25 cells/kg per day per day Transit (from Storage Pool in BM: Anti-apoptotic myeloblast through Between 9 - 14 x pathways: myelocyte): 10^8 cells/ kg initiated that prolong 6 days the basophil life span Division: Circulating Half-life: circulating - 18 hours, neutrophil prolonged pool (CNP) during marginated eosinophilia neutrophil Survival time:  pool (MNP) - 2 to 5 days Infection is NOT present: Pro- and antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family regulate spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis Infection is present: Mcl-1 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) prolong the neutrophil's lifespan through anti-apoptotic signals MAC-1 trigger the death and phagocytosis of neutrophils  FUNCTION Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Mast Cell Monocyte/ T lymphocytes B Lymphocytes Natural Killer Cells Macrophage 1. Phagocytosi 1. Degranulation 1. ”Poor relatives" 1. Effector cells in 1. Innate Immunity. 1. CD4 antigen 1. Essential for 1. Capable of s and a. Classical of mast cells and Allergic pattern a. TH1 - against antibody Killing Certain destruction exocytosis - minor players in Reactions recognition intracellular production tumor cells and of foreign granules move allergic Release of lipid receptors pathogens virus-infected material and to the plasma inflammation mediators, (Toll-like b. TH2 - cells without microorganis membrane, because, like proteases, receptors) that extracellular prior ms fuse with the mast cells, they proteoglycans, stimulate parasites, sensitization 2. Generation plasma have IgE and cytokines as inflammatory helminths, (innate of neutrophil membrane, receptors on their result of cytokine allergic immunity) extracellular and empty surface cross-linking of production and diseases traps, or their contents membranes that, IgE on Mast Cell phagocytosis. c. TH17 - NETs into the when surface by Synthesize nitric extracellular 3. Secretory extracellular cross-linked by specific allergens oxide, which is bacteria and function - space. antigen, result in cytotoxic against fungi neutrophils b. Compound granule release 2. Inflammatory viruses, bacteria, d. Treg are a source exocytosis - 2. Capable of Reactions fungi, protozoa, (CD4+CD25+ of second releasing large Activated helminths, and regulatory T) - transcobalami mechanism in quantities of independently of tumor cells. self tolerance n I or R binder which granules subtype 2 helper IgE Fc receptors and 2. CD8 antigen protein, which fuse together T cell complement a. killing target is necessary within the 3. Induce B cells to 3. Act as receptors. cells for the proper eosinophil synthesize IgE Mediators in Hence, they can b. cytotoxic T absorption of before fusing 4. Initiators of the both Innate and phagocytize lymphocytes vitamin B12 with the allergic Adaptive foreign plasma inflammation Immunity organisms or membrane. through the Antigen-presentin materials that c. Piecemeal release of g cells to induce have been degranulation - preformed the differentiation coated with in which cytokines of TH2 Cells antibodies or secretory 5. Play a role in complement vesicles angiogenesis 4. Anti components. remove through the Inflammatory 2. Adaptive specific expression of and Immunity.  proteins from vascular Immunosuppres Both the secondary endothelial sive Functions macrophages granules. growth factor Enhance and and dendritic These vesicles (VEGF) and its suppress cells degrade then migrate to receptors features of antigen and the plasma immune present antigen membrane and response fragments on fuse to empty their surfaces the specific 5. Immunologic (antigen-presenti proteins into “gate keepers” ng cells), the Because of Activate both T extracellular location in lymphocytes and space. mucosal surfaces B lymphocytes to d. Cytolysis - and role in barrier initiate the occurs when function adaptive immune extracellular response. intact granules Dendritic cells are deposited are the most during cell efficient and lysis potent of the 2. Transmigrate antigen-presenti into the ng cells. thymus of the 3. Housekeeping newborn and functions are believed to be involved in Removal of the deletion of debris and dead double-positive cells at sites of thymocytes infection or 3. Parasitic tissue damage infections Destruction of 4. Hallmark of senescent red allergic blood cells and disorders maintenance of a storage pool of iron for erythropoiesis Synthesis of a wide variety of proteins.