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DH 314 - Dental Morphology Fall 2024 Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Overview of Dent...

DH 314 - Dental Morphology Fall 2024 Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Overview of Dentitions Chapter 15 Fehrenbach & Popowics DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dentitions Dentition: the natural teeth in the jaws. A person has 2 dentitions during their lifetime: A primary dentition A permanent dentition DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dentitions The first dentition present is the primary dentition, also referred to as baby teeth. An older term for primary dentition is the deciduous teeth. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dentitions The second dentition to develop is the permanent dentition, also referred to as secondary dentition or adult teeth. Another term for permanent dentition is succedaneous teeth. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Types Dentitions (Primary) Tooth types of both the maxillary and mandibular arches in the primary dentition include: 8 incisors 4 canines 8 molars ------------- 20 teeth total DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Types Dentitions (Permanent) Tooth types of both the maxillary and mandibular arches in the permanent dentition include: 8 incisors 4 canines Only the permanent 8 premolars dentition 12 molars has premolars! ------------- 32 teeth total DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Designation Dentitions (Universal Numbering System) The primary and permanent teeth are both designated by the Universal Numbering System, the most widely used in the U.S. due to electronic data adaptability. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Designation Dentitions (Universal Numbering System) The primary teeth are designated in a consecutive arrangement using capital letters, A through T, starting with the maxillary right second molar, moving clockwise, and ending with the mandibular right second molar. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Designation Dentitions (Universal Numbering System) The permanent teeth are designated in a consecutive arrangement using the digits 1 through 32, starting with the maxillary right third molar, moving clockwise, and ending with the mandibular right third molar. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Designation Dentitions (Universal Numbering System) DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Designation Dentitions (International Numbering System) With this system, the teeth are designated by using a two-digit code. The first digit of the code indicates the quadrant. The second digit indicates the tooth’s position in the quadrant. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Designation Dentitions (International Numbering System) With this system, the teeth are designated by using a two-digit code. The first digit of the code indicates the quadrant. The second digit indicates the tooth’s position in the quadrant. Quadrant 1 Quadrant 2 Quadrant 4 Quadrant 3 DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Designation Dentitions (International Numbering System) The first digit of the code indicates the quadrant and the second digit indicates the tooth’s position in the quadrant. For the second digit, the Quadrant 1 digits 1 through 8 are used for the permanent teeth, starting at the midline and numbering in a distal (farthest from the midline) direction. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Designation Dentitions (International Numbering System) Quadrant 1 Tooth “one-six” DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Designation Dentitions (International Numbering System) Quadrant 2 Tooth “two-four” DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Designation Dentitions (International Numbering System) Tooth “three-three” Quadrant 3 DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Designation Dentitions (International Numbering System) The first digit of the code indicates the quadrant and the second digit indicates the tooth’s position in the quadrant. For the first digit of primary teeth, the digits 5 through 8 are used. Primary Teeth For the second digit, the digits 1 through 5 are used starting at the midline and numbering in a distal direction. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Designation Dentitions (International Numbering System) The first digit of the code indicates the quadrant and the second digit indicates the tooth’s position in the quadrant. Quadrant 5 Q6 For the first digit of primary teeth, the digits 5 through 8 are used. For the second digit, the digits 1 through 5 are used starting at the midline and numbering in Quadrant 8 Quadrant 7 a distal direction. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Designation Dentitions (International Numbering System) The first digit of the code indicates the quadrant and the second digit indicates the tooth’s position in the quadrant. For the first digit of primary teeth, the digits 5 through 8 are used. For the second digit, the digits 1 through 5 are used starting at the midline and numbering in a distal direction. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Designation Dentitions (International Numbering System) Tooth “eight-five” Quadrant 8 DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Designation Dentitions (Palmer Notation Method) The teeth are designated using a right-angle symbol indicating the quadrant and the arch, using similar numbering to the INS, with the tooth number placed inside. Quadrant 1 Quadrant 2 Quadrant 4 Quadrant 3 DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Designation Dentitions (Palmer Notation Method) The teeth are designated using a right-angle symbol indicating the quadrant and the arch, using similar numbering to the INS, with the tooth number placed inside. Quadrant 1 Quadrant 2 6 Quadrant 4 Quadrant 3 DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Designation Dentitions (Palmer Notation Method) The teeth are designated using a right-angle symbol indicating the quadrant and the arch, using similar numbering to the INS, with the tooth number placed inside. Quadrant 1 Quadrant 2 4 Quadrant 4 Quadrant 3 DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Designation Dentitions (Palmer Notation Method) The teeth are designated using a right-angle symbol indicating the quadrant and the arch, using similar numbering to the INS, with the tooth number placed inside. Quadrant 1 Quadrant 2 3 Quadrant 4 Quadrant 3 DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Designation Dentitions (Palmer Notation Method) The teeth are designated using a right-angle symbol indicating the quadrant and the arch, using similar numbering to the INS, with the tooth number placed inside. Quadrant 1 Quadrant 2 8 Quadrant 4 Quadrant 3 DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Designation Dentitions (All in One - Permanent) DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Designation Dentitions (All in One - Primary) DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Exam Please Note... vs Course For the purposes of Exam #1, know all 3 tooth designation systems. After Exam #1, the course will utilize the Universal Numbering System only. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental General Dental Terms Anatomy Terminology Each tooth is surrounded and supported by the bone of the tooth socket or alveolus. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental General Dental Terms Anatomy Terminology Each alveolus is located in the alveolar process or tooth- bearing part of each jaw. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental General Dental Terms Anatomy Terminology Each alveolar process of the jaws is also considered a dental arch - either the maxillary arch or the mandibular arch. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental General Dental Terms Anatomy Terminology The teeth in the maxilla are the maxillary teeth. The teeth in the mandible are the mandibular teeth. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental General Dental Terms Anatomy Terminology Occlusion is the method by which the teeth of the mandibular arch come into contact with those of the maxillary arch. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental General Dental Terms Anatomy Terminology The term occlusion is also used to describe the anatomic alignment of the teeth and the relationship to the rest of the masticatory system. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental General Dental Terms Anatomy Terminology Each dental arch has a midline, an imaginary vertical plane that divides the arch into 2 halves, a right and a left. Pt’s Pt’s Right Left DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental General Dental Terms Anatomy Terminology The midline is similar to the midsagittal plane of the body and is an important consideration when evaluating a patient’s smile. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental General Dental Terms Anatomy Terminology Teeth can also be described according to the position in each dental arch and in relationship to the midline. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental General Dental Terms Anatomy Terminology Incisors and canines (the white teeth) are considered anterior teeth because they are closer to the midline. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental General Dental Terms Anatomy Terminology Molars and premolars (the yellow teeth) are considered posterior teeth because they are farther from the midline. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental General Dental Terms Anatomy Terminology Each dental arch can be further divided into 2 quadrants, with 4 quadrants total in the entire oral cavity. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental General Dental Terms Anatomy Terminology The correct sequence of words when describing an individual tooth using the D-A-Q-T System is based on the tooth within its quadrant. D = dentition A = arch Q = quadrant T = tooth type D = permanent A = mandibular Q = left T = canine DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental General Dental Terms Anatomy Terminology The correct sequence of words when describing an individual tooth using the D-A-Q-T System is based on the tooth within its quadrant. D = dentition A = arch Q = quadrant T = tooth type D = permanent A = maxillary Q = right T = second premolar DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental General Dental Terms Anatomy Terminology Each dental arch can be further divided into 3 sextants, with 6 sextants total in the entire oral cavity. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Tooth Anatomy Terms Anatomy Terminology Maxillary teeth show the root superior to the crown. Mandibular teeth show the root inferior to the crown. Maxillary Mandibular DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Tooth Anatomy Terms Anatomy Terminology Each tooth consists of a crown and one or more roots. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Tooth Anatomy Terms Anatomy Terminology The crown has dentin covered by enamel. Each root has dentin covered by cementum. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Tooth Anatomy Terms Anatomy Terminology The inner portion of the dentin of both crown and root also covers the pulp cavity of the tooth. The pulp cavity has a pulp chamber, pulp canal(s), and may have a pulp horn(s). DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Tooth Anatomy Terms Anatomy Terminology The enamel of the crown and cementum of the root usually meet close to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), an external line at the neck or cervix of the tooth. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Tooth Anatomy Terms Anatomy Terminology The anatomic crown is the portion covered by enamel. The clinical crown is only that part of the anatomic crown that is visible, not covered by the gingiva. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Tooth Anatomy Terms Anatomy Terminology You learned in DH 300/311 that the height of the clinical crown of a tooth can change over time, especially with gingival recession. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Please Note... Anatomy Terminology When discussing the crown of a tooth, the textbook refers to the anatomic crown of healthy tooth unless indicated otherwise. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Tooth Anatomy Terms Anatomy Terminology The anatomic root is the portion of the root covered by cementum. The clinical root is only the part of the anatomic root that is visible, subject to variability related to recession. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Tooth Anatomy Terms Anatomy Terminology There are features of a tooth related to the root axis line (RAL), an imaginary line representing the long axis of a tooth drawn to bisect the root (and thus the crown) into 2 halves. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Tooth Anatomy Terms Anatomy Terminology When viewing the root axis lines of teeth overall, note that the tooth’s crown and root are never strictly vertically placed within the alveolar process. There is always some degree of angulation. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Tooth Anatomy Terms Anatomy Terminology Teeth may have 1 or more roots, but all the roots of both the primary and permanent dentition have common traits - widest at the CEJ and tapered at the apex. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Tooth Anatomy Terms Anatomy Terminology There are 3 basic shapes to the roots on cervical cross section: triangular, oval (ovoid/egg-shaped), or elliptical (elongated oval). DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Tooth Anatomy Terms Anatomy Terminology Many surfaces of the roots have depressions or root concavities (indentations on the root surfaces). #31 DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Tooth Anatomy Terms Anatomy Terminology An area between 2 or more of the roots is called a furcation, which will be discussed in detail during posterior teeth lectures. #31 DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology Each tooth has 5 surfaces: facial (buccal, labial), lingual (palatal), occlusal, mesial, and distal. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology The tooth surface closest to the surface of the face is the facial surface. Anterior teeth have a labial surface and posterior teeth have a buccal surface. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology The tooth surface closest to the tongue is the lingual surface. The lingual surfaces closest to the palate are the palatal surfaces. Mandibular Maxillary DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology The masticatory surface is the chewing surface on the most superior surface of the crown. Anterior teeth have an incisal surface and posterior teeth have an occlusal surface. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology Surfaces of the crown and root are also defined by their relationship to the midline. The surface closest to the midline is the mesial surface and farthest away is the distal. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology Together, the mesial and distal surfaces between adjacent teeth are termed the proximal. The area between adjacent tooth surfaces is the interproximal space. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology The area where the crowns of adjacent teeth in the same arch physically touch each adjacent proximal surface is the contact area or the contact. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology Except for third molars, each tooth in the arch is supported in part by its contact with 2 neighboring teeth, a mesial and a distal. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology The contact areas (red) on the mesial and distal surfaces are considered the location of the height of contour (blue arrows) on the proximal surfaces when in an ideal alignment. #8 DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology The contact areas (red) on the mesial and distal surfaces are considered the location of the height of contour (blue arrows) on the proximal surfaces when in an ideal alignment. #30 DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology The height of contour is the greatest elevation of the tooth either incisocervically or occlusocervically on a specific surface of the crown when viewing its profile. #8 #30 DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology The facial and lingual surfaces of a tooth also have a height of contour (blue arrows) that can be seen when viewing the tooth’s profile from the proximal aspect. #8 #30 DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology When 2 teeth in the same arch come into contact, the curvatures next to the contact areas form spaces called embrasures. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology Embrasures consist of triangular-shaped spaces between 2 teeth that are created by the sloping away of the mesial and distal surfaces. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology Embrasures are continuous with interproximal spaces between the teeth with increasing angles of the occlusal embrasures anteroposteriorly. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology Embrasures: form spillways between teeth to direct food away from the gingiva provide a mechanism for teeth to be more self-cleaning protect the gingiva from undue frictional trauma but still provide the proper degree of stimulation to the tissue DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology A line angle is formed by the lines that are created at the junction of 2 crown surfaces, with the name being derived by combining the names of those 2 surfaces. DH 314 #8 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology The surfaces here (in blue) are labial (facial), distal, palatal (lingual), and mesial. DH 314 #8 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology When combining the terms mesial and labial, the -al from the end of the 1st surface is dropped and an o is added and combined with the 2nd surface, thus creating mesiolabial. DH 314 #8 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology When combining the terms mesial and lingual, the -al from the end of the 1st surface is dropped and an o is added and combined with the 2nd surface, thus creating mesiolingual. DH 314 #8 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology Practice this terminology “equation” at home and make certain that you understand how the line angle names were formed. DH 314 #8 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology If the first letter of the 2nd word results in a double vowel, a hyphen is placed between the words, such as mesio-occlusal. #30 #8 DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology Overall, posterior teeth have 8 line angles per tooth. Anterior teeth only have 6 line angles per tooth. #30 #8 DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology A point angle is another way to determine a specific area of the crown. The junction of 3 surfaces, the point angle is named from those 3 surfaces. Each tooth has 4 point angles. #30 #8 DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology A crown surface can be divided both horizontally and vertically into 3 parts or thirds to designate specific tooth areas. Example: the middle third of of the labial surface of an anterior tooth’s crown. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology In contrast, a root surface can be divided into 3 thirds only horizontally. Example: the cervical third of of the buccal surface of a posterior tooth’s root. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology In reference to line angles, point angles, thirds, or even direction, there is an accepted sequencing of combined names of the involved surfaces. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology The accepted sequence says that mesial precedes the term distal and that mesial and distal precede all other terms. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology Labial, buccal, occlusal, and lingual follow mesial and distal but precede incisal or occlusal in any combination. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Dental Orientational Tooth Terms Anatomy Terminology Labial, buccal, occlusal, and lingual follow mesial and distal but precede incisal or occlusal in any combination. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Table 15.4 Form Each tooth type has a specific form no matter which dentition it is in, primary or permanent. This tooth form is related to the function of mastication for the tooth type and to its role in speech and esthetics. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Table 15.4 Form The incisors function as instruments for biting and cutting food during mastication because of the triangular proximal form of the crown. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Table 15.4 Form The canines function as instruments for piercing or tearing food during mastication because of the tapered shape and prominent cusp of the crown. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Table 15.4 Form The premolars assist the canines and function as instruments in piercing or tearing food during mastication because of the prominent cusp of the crown. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Table 15.4 Form The premolars also assist the molars and function as instruments in grinding food during mastication because of the crown’s wide occlusal surface. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Table 15.4 Form The molars function as instruments in grinding food during mastication because of the crown’s wide occlusal surface and prominent cusps. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Table 15.4 Form Tooth types have tooth forms of the crown that usually follow a rough outline of specific geometric shapes. Certain general shapes of the crown outline can be seen for each tooth type when viewed from each of the 4 perspectives. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Table 15.4 Form The crowns of the incisors are triangular from both mesial or distal views with the apex of the triangle at the masticatory surface of the tooth, the incisal surface, with the base at the cervix. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Table 15.4 Form The crowns of the canines are triangular from both mesial or distal views but are pentagonal from both labial or lingual views. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Table 15.4 Form The crowns of the premolars are pentagonal from both buccal and lingual views. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Table 15.4 Form For maxillary premolars, the crown outlines are trapezoidal from the mesial or distal views. For mandibular premolars, the crown outlines are rhomboidal from both the mesial or distal views. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Table 15.4 Form For maxillary molars, the crowns are trapezoidal from the mesial or distal views. For mandibular molars, the crowns are rhomboidal from both the mesial or distal views. DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Tooth Table 15.4 Form The crowns of molars for both the maxillary and the mandibular arches are trapezoidal from the buccal or lingual views. Workbook Assignments #1, #2 and #3 Workbook Assignment #1: Complete Figures 1.1, 1.11, 1.5, and 1.13 on Pages 1 - 3 in the Student Workbook Workbook Assignment #2: Complete Figures 2.1, 2.4, 2.6, 2.11, 2.14 A, and 2.18 on Pages 5 - 7 in the Student Workbook Workbook Assignment #3: Complete Figures 15.1, 15.2, 15.5, 15.6, 15.7, 15.8, 15.9, 15.11, 15.12, and 15.14 on Pages 44 - 49 in the Student Workbook DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Workbook Assignments #1, #2 and #3 Things to Put into Consideration: Write in blue or black ink only. No pencil allowed. Write clearly and legibly. If I can’t read it, you may lose points. Spelling counts! If your spelling is incorrect, you will lose points. How and When to Turn It In: Tear out the pages from the Workbook and staple them together Write your full name and DH student ID # on the first page Submit the assignment in person next week Due Monday, September 9th at the beginning of class Review the Policy on Late Work in the Syllabus on page 6 Questions? Email me at [email protected] DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS Examination #1 Examination #1 will cover: Chapter 1 - Face and Neck Regions Chapter 2 - Oral Cavity and Pharynx Chapter 15 - Overview of the Dentitions Read the Book, Review the PPTs, Review the Workbook Assignments Multiple choice, Fill in the blank, and labeling Date: Monday, September 9th at 10:15 AM here in MSA 006 Questions? Email me at [email protected] DH 314 Property of Amanda de la Vega, RDH, MS

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