Indus University Introduction to Textile PDF

Faculty of Communication & Design, Indus University 1  INDUS UNIVERSITY Learn Well To Live Well Faculty of Communication & Design, Indus University  Introduction to Textile Semester:- Fall-2023 Credit Hours:- 02 hours Program:-FCD Faculty of Communication...

Faculty of Communication & Design, Indus University 1  INDUS UNIVERSITY Learn Well To Live Well Faculty of Communication & Design, Indus University  Introduction to Textile Semester:- Fall-2023 Credit Hours:- 02 hours Program:-FCD Faculty of Communication & Design, Indus University  Week Week#4# 4 What is Fiber? Fibers Introduction & their sources. Natural Fibers : Describe the origin and basic composition of the Natural fibers , Flax (linen), Cotton, Wool, Cashmere & Silk Faculty of Communication & Design, Indus University  Fiber Fiber is fine hair like structure and it is very high in length ratio ,its can be spun into yarn and fabric. 5  Textile Fiber The raw material(natural or artificial) which is used to produce in order to make fabric is called textile fiber. Example- cotton, Polyester etc. 6 Classification of Textile Fiber 7 8 9 Process From Fibers To Fabrics To End Use 10  Physical Classification of Fiber A fiber can be described as any substance natural or manufactured that is suitable for being processed into a fabric. Fiber properties include length (staple or filament), size and surface contour. These properties affect the end use such as serviceability, aesthetics, durability, comfort, retention, and care. To create a fabric, fibers are spun into yarns and then woven into a fabric. Through these processes, a fabric’s characteristics can be manipulated through blending, manipulation of the fiber and other methods. Look through a microscope and the secret to any fabric is beneath the surface. 11 Physical Classification of Fiber 12  Staple Fiber Any fiber with a practical, limited or finite length is called “Staple Fiber” These are small length fiber like cotton, wool, jute etc. it may be natural (Cotton) or man-made (Viscose rayon, Polyester). The length of the fiber varies within a fiber of the same source and also between varieties obtained from different sources. Staple fibers are measured in inches or centimeters. Staple fibers include almost all natural fibers except silk. Silk is a natural filament fiber and may be cut up to form short staple fibers. Staple fibers must be spun or twisted together to make a long continuous strand of yarn. They may also be used in their staple form to produce non-woven or felted fabrics. 13  Staple Fiber A staple is the fiber of cotton, wool or ramie etc of no more than a few inches long. A filament is usually a man-made fiber of indefinite length. All fabrics woven, knitted or crocheted are made from yarn. The size of yarn has usually related the weight of the fabric eg. heavy fabrics use thick yarns, for light fabrics fine yarn is used. 14  Filament Fiber All fibers having a practically unlimited or infinite length are called filaments. Filament fibers are continuous (long) fiber. It may be natural like silk or synthetic like Nylon. 15  Filament Fiber Filament fibers are measured in yards or meters. Silk, in filament form, is reeled from cocoons. Man-made fibers of a chemical composition, liquid nature are forced through spinnerets, hardened and produced into continuous filament strands of a determined length. When filament fibers are planned to be cut into staple fibers, a large spinneret with many openings are used. The filament fibers are grouped into a bundle referred to as a tow and then cut into the desired staple length. Line or low man-made fibers are manufactured in continuous strands of any desired length. The tows may be cut into staple lengths or flocks based on specific end use. 16  Cellulose Fiber Cellulose fibers are fibers made with ethers or esters of cellulose, which can be obtained from the bark, wood or leaves of plants, or from other plant-based material. Cellulose fibers are broadly classified into two categories, namely, natural cellulose fibers and man-made cellulose fibers. Natural cellulose fibers includes cotton, jute, and so on, whereas, man-made cellulose fibers includes viscose, lyocell, modal, and so on. 17 Cellulose Fiber 18 19  Vegetable Fiber Are produced from vegetable origin e.g. cotton, linen, jute, ramie[china grass]. 20 21  Protein Fiber The protein fibers group consists of the animal fibers (wool and other animal hairs, known also as α-keratin fibers) and insect fibers (silk, a fibroin fiber). The protein from such products as corn and milk has been processed chemically and converted into fiber. 22  Animal Fiber Fibres which are produced from animals such as sheep e.g. wool, silk,camel hair. 23  Mineral Fiber A fibre produced from earth. Examples of mineral fibers are Asbestos, graphite, and glass. Asbestos occurs naturally as fibers. Synthetic mineral fibers, called slag wool or Rock wool, are produced by blowing air or steam through molten rock or slag. 24 Thank You 28