Introduction to Transportation Planning and Engineering PDF

INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION Transpor tation Engineering PLANNING AND ENGINEERING Fernando, JPP INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES  Define transportation engineering  Identify the components of transportation  Understand the current issues under transport...

INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION Transpor tation Engineering PLANNING AND ENGINEERING Fernando, JPP INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES  Define transportation engineering  Identify the components of transportation  Understand the current issues under transportation and suggest solutions Fernando, JPP  Transpor tation INTRODUCTION Engineering Fernando, JPP  INTRODUCTION  Highways, railroads and different kind of transportation have all played a major role in the development of the society ever since. Until today, these modes of transportation have all continued to provide and be a critical aspect of a developing civilization. Fernando, JPP INTRODUCTION TO Transpor tation TRANSPORTATION Engineering ENGINEERING Fernando, JPP  TRANSPORTATION  Defined as the movement of people and/or goods from one place to another  Defined by Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) as “the application of technology and scientific principles to the planning, functional design, operation and management of facilities for any mode of transportation. Its main purpose is to provide the safe, rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, and environmentally compatible movement of people and goods.” Fernando, JPP  GENERAL PHASES OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING Fernando, JPP  GENERAL PHASES OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING ❖Planning ▪ Before any planning occurs, an engineer must take what is known as an inventory of the area or, if it is appropriate, the previous system in place. This inventory or database must include information on population, land use, economic activity, transportation facilities and services, travel patterns and volumes, laws and ordinances, regional financial resources, and community values and expectations. Fernando, JPP THE BURNHAM PLAN FOR MANILA Fernando, JPP THE BURNHAM PLAN FOR MANILA Fernando, JPP THE BURNHAM PLAN FOR MANILA Fernando, JPP THE BURNHAM PLAN FOR MANILA Fernando, JPP THE BURNHAM PLAN FOR MANILA Fernando, JPP THE BURNHAM PLAN FOR MANILA Fernando, JPP  GENERAL PHASES OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING ❖Design ▪ The design aspects of transportation engineering include the sizing of transportation facilities (how many lanes or how much capacity the facility has), determining the materials and thickness used in pavement designing the geometry (vertical and horizontal alignment) of the roadway (or track). Fernando, JPP  GENERAL PHASES OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING ❖Construction Fernando, JPP  GENERAL PHASES OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING ❖Operations Fernando, JPP  GENERAL PHASES OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING ❖Maintenance Fernando, JPP  TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM  May be defined as a planned network of elements or physical components that play different roles in the transportation of goods and persons from one place to another. Fernando, JPP  TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Components of Transportation System 1. Fixed facilities ▪ These are the physical components of the system that are fixed in space and constitute the network of links and nodes. Road, railway track, ocean or waterways, airports harbor etc. are fixed facilities of their respective modes. 2. Flow entities ▪ These are the components that traverse (travel through) the fixed facilities. They mainly include vehicles and are considered on the basis of shape, size, weight, acceleration and deceleration abilities. For example, road vehicles, trains, aircraft, ships etc. 3. Control system ▪ This system consists of vehicle control and flow control. Fernando, JPP  TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM  It is a continuous planning, a part of overall regional and national transportation structure. The prime determinant of trip generation activity is land use. Planning involves short term and long-term goals. Fernando, JPP  TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Short Term Long Term  less complex  comprehensive  optimum and strategic operation transportation planning Fernando, JPP TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM APPROACH ENGINEERING different collaboration organizing and scheduling the from different branches complex strategies to solve the involved and strategies for problem and development of the achievement of an procedures. objective. tackling the problem clear evaluation of the considering all the facets of it combinations of all the working as per predetermined elements of problem. sequence scientific decision Fernando, JPP  ELEMENTS OF LONG-TERM TRANSPORTATION PLANNING ▪ Demand forecast ▪ Economic, social and environmental changes ▪ Evaluation of the whole system in terms of the advantages and disadvantages Fernando, JPP  TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Multi-modal: Covering all modes of transport; air, land, and sea for both passenger and freight. Multi-sector: Encompassing the problems and viewpoints of government, private industry, and public. Multi-problem: Ranging across a spectrum of issues that includes national and international policy, planning of regional system, the location and design of specific facilities, regulatory, institutional and financial policies. Fernando, JPP  TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Multi-objective: Aiming at national and regional economic development, urban development, environment quality, and social quality, as well as service to users and financial and economic feasibility. Multi-disciplinary: Drawing on the theories and methods of engineering, economics, operations research, political science, psychology, other natural, and social sciences, management and law. Fernando, JPP  MAJOR DISCIPLINES OF TRANSPORTATION Transportation Geometric Pavement Traffic Planning Design Design Engineering Development of a Deals with physical Deals with the Focus on the transport model proportioning of structural design safety of the which will accurately other transportation of roads, both public, the represent both the facilities bituminous and effcient use of current as well as concrete transportation future transportation resources, and system. the mobility of people and goods. Fernando, JPP OTHER IMPORTANT DISCIPLINES OF TRANSPORTATION Public transportation - Public transportation or mass transportation deals with study of the transportation system that meets the travel need of several people by sharing a vehicle. Financial and economic analysis - Transportation facilities require large capital investments. Therefore, it is imperative that whoever invests money should get the returns. Environmental impact assessment - the depletion of fossil fuels and the degradation of the environment has been a severe concern of the planners in the past few decades. Transportation; in spite of its benefits to the society is a major contributor to the above concern. Fernando, JPP OTHER IMPORTANT DISCIPLINES OF TRANSPORTATION Accident analysis and reduction - one of the silent killers of humanity is transportation. Several statistics evaluates that more people are killed due to transportation than great wars and natural disasters. Intelligent transport system - with advent to computers, communication, and vehicle technology, it is possible in these days to operate transportation system much effectively with significant reduction in the adverse impacts of transportation. Fernando, JPP FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF HIGHWAYS Highways are classified based upon two primary functions: Mobility - continuous, high speed travel Accessibility - direct access to abutting property Fernando, JPP  CURRENT TRANSPORTATION CHALLENGES: CONGESTION SAFETY INFRASTRUCTURE the worsening traffic in 334 reported accidents per At the beginning of 2009, the Metro Manila now costs P3.5 day, with one resulting country’s road system totaled billion in lost opportunities per in fatality, 56 being non- 205,778 kilometers (km), national day, highlighting the need for fatal, and 276 leading to roads comprised 14.4%. About 72% new and modern Damages to property (2019) of national roads are paved with Infrastructure to ease congestion. asphalt and/or concrete; only 22% of local roads are paved. The coverage and quality of the Philippine road system may be characterized as poor. Fernando, JPP  TOTAL LENGTH OF ROADS IN THE PHILIPPINES (PAVED AND UNPAVED) 2009 2019 2024 29, 898.09 km 33,018.25 km 223,000 km 75.15% of which is 97.18% of which 97% of which is paved. is paved. paved. (ABS-CBN News) (PNA Gov PH) Fernando, JPP LENGTH AND PERCENTAGE OF PAVED AND UNPAVED ROADS (2009-2019) Fernando, JPP TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES Department of Transportation (DOTr) is the primary policy, planning, programming, coordinating, implementing and administrative entity of the executive branch of the government on the promotion, development and regulation of a dependable and coordinated network of transportation systems, as well as in the fast, safe, efficient and reliable transportation services. Fernando, JPP  Department of Transportation (DOTr) Sectoral Offices: LTFRB Land Transportation Franchising And LTO Regulatory Board PCG Land Transportation Philippine Coast Office Guard Fernando, JPP  Department of Transportation (DOTr) Attached Agencies OTS CAAP MIAA Office For Civil Aviation Authority Manila International Transportation Security Of The Philippines Airport Authority CIAC CAB MCIAA Clark International Civil Aeronautics Mactan-Cebu Airport Corporation Board International Airport Authority Fernando, JPP  Department of Transportation Attached Agencies: (DOTr) TRB OTC PNR Toll Regulatory Office Of Transport Philippine National Board Cooperatives Railways LRTA PPA MARINA Light Rail Transit Philippine Ports Maritime Industry Transit Authority Authority Authority Fernando, JPP  PHILIPPINE Transpor tation TRANSPORTATION Engineering SYSTEM Fernando, JPP INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES Identify the improvements of transportation systems throughout history. Understand the importance of public transportation in the society. Recognize the current issues under transportation and suggest solutions. Fernando, JPP  Transpor tation INTRODUCTION Engineering Fernando, JPP  INTRODUCTION  Transportation has been one of the important keys in the boom of Manila during the early and mid 1900's. In this chapter we will talk about the development of the transportation from then to the present situation of our transportation. Fernando, JPP  BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE Transpor tation Engineering PHILIPPINE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Fernando, JPP  ROAD TRANSPORTATION  During the Spanish era, the most common mode of transportation of goods and people are through carriages, either with the help of horses or carabaos Fernando, JPP ROAD TRANSPORTATION  Hotel Oriente, 1900 (courtesy Manila Nostalgia)  Binondo (courtesy San Juan Days) Fernando, JPP ROAD TRANSPORTATION  Carabao delivery (courtesy Manila Nostalgia)  Large caratela Fernando, JPP  ROAD TRANSPORTATION  Until today, the use of calesas can be seen throughout Manila, though not very common, as it now used for leisure activities and to attract tourists. Fernando, JPP ROAD TRANSPORTATION  Rizal Avenue c.1920  Calle Rizal, later named Taft Avenue. Fernando, JPP ROAD TRANSPORTATION  Yellow Taxi Junior, Plaza Goiti c.1940  Jai Alai, Taft Avenue c.1941 Fernando, JPP ROAD TRANSPORTATION  Passenger Bus, c.1928  Libertad Express Fernando, JPP ROAD TRANSPORTATION  Pantranco Bus  Double-decker bus along Dewey Avenue, now known as Roxas Avenue. c.1970 Fernando, JPP ROAD TRANSPORTATION  Jeepneys were once called as auto-calesa before the war  First Sarao shop in Las Pinas Fernando, JPP ROAD TRANSPORTATION  Jeepney folk art  Short jeepney c.1960 Fernando, JPP RAILWAYS  Manila to Dagupan Railroad c.1885 The first railroad in the Philippines was inaugurated on Nov. 24, 1892, nearly two decades after King Alfonso XII of Spain issued a decree for the establishment of a railroad system in Luzon.  Escolta to Plaza Sta. Cruz c.1890 Fernando, JPP RAILWAYS  courtesy J. Tewell  Ermita, c.1901 Fernando, JPP RAILWAYS  Electric Tranvia, Escolta, c. 1920  Interior of Tranvia Fernando, JPP RAILWAYS  Plaza Goiti, later named Plaza Lacson  Tranvia Graveyard, c.1945 Fernando, JPP RAILWAYS  PNR, c.1965  It was during the mid 80's when Filipinos first experienced the engineering marvel of LRT Line 1. Fernando, JPP  RAILWAYS  Further improvements and addition of Line 3 and 2 to provide transportation for more commuters were made during the early to late 2000's. Fernando, JPP WATERWAYS  Small boats were used to transport goods and people in the late 1890’s.  Pasig River, c.1898  Shipping lines also have been widely used in the early 1900's. Fernando, JPP  CURRENT PUBLIC Transpor tation Engineering TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Fernando, JPP  THE PHILIPPINE PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM 28% of Road Space are used by buses and jeepneys (JICA, 2014) 67% of demand are served by buses and jeepneys 180,000 public-utility-jeepneys nationwide 67% road space taken up by private cars 1,644,932 registered motor vehicles (2019) Most congested city - Ranked #1 as the most congested city in developing Asia. Fernando, JPP THE PHILIPPINE PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM  Although metered taxis still roams the metro, the use of taxis has evolved ever since, with the advent of smartphones and internet.  Buses also see an improvement, although ordinary buses still roams the metro, point-to-point buses or P2P with cashless mode of payment has been on a rise. Fernando, JPP THE PHILIPPINE PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM  Because of the jeepneys unbelievably successful design, the changes in jeepneys have been minimal.  Diesel powered tricycles are now challenged by the rise of e-trikes or electric tricycles in roaming the streets. Fernando, JPP THE PHILIPPINE PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM  First launched in 2016, motorcycle ride sharing services have taken the streets for it is faster and cheaper than taxis. Also used for transporting goods in small amounts.  In dire need of an upgrade, PNR recently bought new trains for their service. Fernando, JPP THE PHILIPPINE PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM  MRT-3 the most used transit in the metro, also purchases 3rd gen sets of new trains.  Philippine airports now cater over millions of passengers every year, and multiple airlines are now in service. Fernando, JPP THE PHILIPPINE PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM  Shipping lines  RoRos Fernando, JPP ROADS AND INFRASTRUCTURES  The construction of roads, highways, expressways have significantly mobilized the transportation of people and goods in the Philippines.  From national highways to streets, the life in the metro have significantly improved when it comes to connecting cities to provinces. Fernando, JPP ROADS AND INFRASTRUCTURES  Radial Roads ▪ denoted by letter R ▪ roads that radiate from in and out of the city of Manila Circumferential Roads ▪ denoted by letter C ▪ roads that forms a half circle, encompassing the city of Manila Fernando, JPP ROADS AND INFRASTRUCTURES CIRCUMFERENTIAL ROADS Name Location Segments Padre Burgos St., Ayala Boulevard, C-1 City of Manila P. Casal St. and C.M. Recto Avenue C-2 City of Manila Pres. Quirino Avenue, Nagtahan, A.H. Gil Puyat Avenue, South Avenue, Trabajo St., Coronado St., San Makati City, Francisco St., 9 de Pebrero St., Shaw C-3 Mandaluyong City, Boulevard., F. Manalo St., San Juan San Juan, Quezon Bridge, G. Araneta Avenue, Sgt. City and Navotas Rivera St., and 5th Avenue Fernando, JPP ROADS AND INFRASTRUCTURES CIRCUMFERENTIAL ROADS Name Location Segments Caloocan City, Quezon City, Pasig City, Mandaluyong Epifanio delos Santos Ave. C-4 City, Makati City, (EDSA) Paranaque City, City of Manila Fairview, Loyola Heights, Libis and Bagumbayan E. Rodriguez Avenue, B. Serrano C-5 in Quezon City, Pasig Avenue (Santolan), Katipunan Road, City, Taguig, Makati City Luzon Avenue, Republic Avenue C-6 Taguig City, Pasig On-going construction Fernando, JPP ROADS AND INFRASTRUCTURES HIGHWAY NETWORK  The Philippine Highway Network refers to the highway system of the Philippines.  It is a network of national roads owned and maintained by the Department of Public Works and Highways. Fernando, JPP ROADS AND INFRASTRUCTURES HIGHWAY NETWORK 1 2 3 National National National Primary Secondary Tertiary Connecting major cities are Directly link smaller cities numbered from N1 to N82. and provincial capitals, Roads administered by the Directly connects Major airports, seaports, and DPWH which perform a Cities (at least around tourist centers to the local function. 100,000 people) primary roads Fernando, JPP  ROADS AND INFRASTRUCTURES  The Philippine expressway network is a controlled -access highway network managed by the Department of Public Works and Highways which consists of all expressways and regional high standard highways in the Philippines. Fernando, JPP  ROADS AND INFRASTRUCTURES  The Pan-Philippine Highway, also known as the Maharlika Highway is a 3,517-kilometer (2,185 mi) network of roads, expressways, bridges, and ferry services that connect the islands of Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao in the Philippines, serving as the country's principal transport backbone. Fernando, JPP HIGHWAY ECONOMICS & Transpor tation Engineering FINANCE Fernando, JPP  HIGHWAY ECONOMICS & FINANCE  An adequate road network provides many benefits to the society. However, any new project, or developments to an existing highway for satisfying the increasing demand should be justified from an economic stand point. Fernando, JPP  HIGHWAY Transpor tation Engineering TRANSPORTATION COST Fernando, JPP  HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION COST  Sum of the highway investment cost, maintenance and operation cost, and highway user cost (HUC) Investment Cost Operating Cost cost of preparing a cost that includes the highway for ser vice; cost of traf fic control include planning, devices, wages for traf fic design and construction enforcer, toll collectors costs and the like Maintenance Cost cost of preser ving a highway and its appur tenances; keeping them in a ser viceable condition Fernando, JPP  HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION COST Type of Cost Examples Engineering design, right-of-way, Highway investment cost grading, drainage and pavement Mowing, care of roadside parks, Highway maintenance cost lightings, markings/paintings Highway user cost Fuel, oils and lubrications, tires and a)Motor vehicle operating mechanic fee Total vehicle-hours of travel costs X unit value of time Estimated accident b)Travel time cost rate X unit cost of accident c)Accident costs  HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION COST Type of Cost Examples Terminals, shops, administrative Transit capital costs offices and the like Wages of driver, fuel and lubrication, Transit operating costs terminal fee, toll fee, and others Sum of fares paid, auto running Transit user costs cost to get to terminal a)Transit money Time waiting for bus x unit value of time costs Time riding a bus X unit value of time b)Transit travel time costs Fernando, JPP  VEHICLE OPERATING COST There are many factors that affects the vehicle operating cost: 1. Road Characteristics 2. Vehicle Characteristics 3. Environment-Related Factors 4. Traffic-Related Factors Fernando, JPP  VEHICLE OPERATING COST Direct benefits Indirect benefits :  Result from a reduction in  Includes benefits of adjacent highway user costs property and to the general ▪ Operation and maintenance public cost reduction ▪ Comfort, comfort, convenience, ▪ Increase in revenue from motor safety vehicles ▪ Educational, business, ▪ Travel time savings recreational and health ▪ Reduction in accidents services values ▪ Land appreciation ▪ Improved mobility of essential ▪ Employment increase goods and services. ▪ Improved mobility for defense forces Fernando, JPP PRINCIPAL SOURCE OF REVENUE FOR HIGHWAY EXPENDITURES Highway Property Tolls User Taxes Taxes Fuel tax Ad valorem taxes Investment, Registration tax Special operation and assessment tax for maintenance cost Taxes on property adjacent have been derived commercial vehicles to highway from the tolls improvement Fernando, JPP  HIGHWAY FINANCING Methods of providing money for highway projects BOT BLT Build-Operate-Transfer Build-Lease-Transfer Private sector finances and Private sector finances and constructs; operates and constructs; turns over project maintains facility for a after completion; transfers fixed term ownership of facility after cooperation/lease period. Fernando, JPP  BUILD BETTER MORE The "Build Better More" (BBM) program under President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. continues to push forward as a major infrastructure initiative in the Philippines. For 2024, a budget of PHP 1.148 trillion has been proposed, which represents 5.3% of the country’s GDP. This allocation is part of the broader PHP 5.77 trillion national budget. Fernando, JPP  BUILD BETTER MORE  Additionally, the program addresses social infrastructure with funds allocated for the construction and improvement of public schools, hospitals, and facilities in the Bangsamoro region to support peace and economic development.  These developments are part of the administration's goal to create a "Golden Age of Infrastructure" in the Philippines, aimed at boosting economic growth and improving public services across various sectors (PNA Gov PH) (ABS-CBN News) (PortCalls Asia). Fernando, JPP  BUILD BETTER MORE  Transportation Infrastructure 1.North-South Commuter Railway System (NSCR): A major railway project aimed at connecting regions from Clark in the north to Calamba in the south. 2.Metro Manila Subway Project Phase I: The first subway system in the Philippines, designed to alleviate traffic congestion in Metro Manila. 3.Light Rail Transit (LRT) Line 1 Cavite Extension Project: Extending the LRT-1 from Baclaran to Bacoor, Cavite. 4.Philippine National Railways (PNR) South Long Haul Project: Aims to connect Metro Manila to Bicol, improving travel time and connectivity. 5.MRT-3 Rehabilitation Project: Rehabilitation and modernization of the MRT-3 to improve service and reliability. Fernando, JPP  BUILD BETTER MORE  Public Transport Modernization 1.Davao Public Transport Modernization Project: Aims to upgrade and modernize the public transportation system in Davao City. 2.EDSA Busway Project: Continued development of dedicated bus lanes along EDSA to improve public bus services. 3.Cebu Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Project: Establishment of a BRT system in Cebu to enhance urban mobility. 4.Active Transport Bike Share System and Safe Pathway Program: Promoting bike-sharing and safe cycling infrastructure in metropolitan areas. 5.EDSA Greenways Project: Enhancing pedestrian infrastructure along the EDSA corridor. Fernando, JPP  BUILD BETTER MORE  Aviation and Maritime Infrastructure 1.New Communications, Navigation and Sur veillance/Air Traf fic Management (CNS/ATM) System Development Project: Modernization of air traffic management in airports nationwide. 2.Airport Developments: 1. Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) 2. Kalibo International Airport 3. New Dumaguete Airport 4. Laoag International Airport 5. Tacloban Airport 6. Busuanga Airport 7. New Zamboanga International Airport 8. New Manila International Airport 9. Bukidnon Airport 10.New Bohol Airport Fernando, JPP  BUILD BETTER MORE  Roads and Bridges 1.Network Development Program: Construction of 721.656 kilometers of new roads and widening/improvement of 647.288 kilometers of existing roads. 2.Asset Preservation Program: Preventive maintenance of over 1,186 kilometers of roads and bridges. 3.Bridge Program: Construction and rehabilitation of 15,208 lineal meters of bridges across the country. Fernando, JPP  BUILD BETTER MORE  Social Infrastructure 1.Public School Buildings: Construction and improvement of disaster-resilient school buildings. 2.Public Hospitals and Health Centers: Repair and improvement of health facilities nationwide. 3.PAMANA Program: Infrastructure development in the Bangsamoro region, including roads, bridges, water supply systems, evacuation centers, and fish ports. Fernando, JPP  BUILD BETTER MORE Here are the latest updates on key projects under the "Build Better More" program as of August 2024:  Metro Rail Transit Line 7 (MRT- 7): This 22.8-kilometer rapid transit line, running from San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, to North Avenue, Quezon City, is nearing completion. It features 14 stations and is notable for being the first in the country with third rail electrification. The line is expected to significantly reduce travel time and ease congestion along this route. Fernando, JPP  BUILD BETTER MORE  North-South Commuter Railway (NSCR): Stretching 147 kilometers from New Clark City in Tarlac to Calamba, Laguna, the NSCR is one of the largest railway projects in the country. It will have 36 stations and is designed to improve connectivity across several key regions, enhancing commuter experience and reducing travel times. Fernando, JPP  BUILD BETTER MORE  LRT-1 Cavite Extension: This project extends the LRT-1 by 11 kilometers, adding eight new stations to serve up to 800,000 passengers daily. The extension will connect major areas in Metro Manila and Cavite, fostering further commercial and residential developments along the route. Fernando, JPP  BUILD BETTER MORE  Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) Rehabilitation: The rehabilitation of NAIA includes upgrades to passenger terminals, runways, and other airside facilities. These improvements aim to increase the airport's annual capacity to 62 million passengers and enhance overall efficiency. Fernando, JPP  BUILD BETTER MORE  New Clark City Access Road: This 19.81- kilometer toll-free highway is designed to cut travel time between different districts of Clark and New Clark City to just 20 minutes. The project is part of the broader effort to develop New Clark City as a key economic hub. Fernando, JPP  BUILD BETTER MORE  Mariveles-Hermosa-San Jose Transmission Line: This project involves the construction of a 275.6- kilometer transmission line with a total capacity of 8,000 MW, supporting power needs in Bataan and Zambales. It includes the installation of 395 towers and two substations, ensuring a stable power supply to the region. Fernando, JPP  BUILD BETTER MORE  Jalaur River Multipurpose Project (JRMP II): Located in Iloilo, this project is designed to irrigate 9,500 hectares of farmland, increasing rice production by 71%. It also provides flood control, water supply, and hydroelectric power, contributing to overall regional development. (ABS-CBN News). Fernando, JPP  END OF Transpor tation Engineering PRESENTATION