Introduction to Zoology - Calamba Doctors' College 2023 PDF

CALAMBA DOCTORS’ COLLEGE INTRODUCTION TO ZOOLOGY Bachelor in Science of Psychology 1. Define zoology as a branch of biology. 2. Explain the family relationships among animals. 3. Recall cell as the most basic unit of life. SCIENCE The term Science has been derived from a Latin...

CALAMBA DOCTORS’ COLLEGE INTRODUCTION TO ZOOLOGY Bachelor in Science of Psychology 1. Define zoology as a branch of biology. 2. Explain the family relationships among animals. 3. Recall cell as the most basic unit of life. SCIENCE The term Science has been derived from a Latin word Scientia knowledge is knowledge about or study of the natural world based on facts learned through experiments and observation.  SCIENCE I. SOCIAL SCIENCE The study of human behavior and societies. II. NATURAL SCIENCE The study of natural phenomena. III. ABSTRACT SCIENCE Deals with study of Mathematics and Statistics.  SCIENCE SOCIAL ABSTRACT NATURAL SCIENCE SCIENCE SCIENCE Mathematics BIOLOGICAL Sociology PHYSICAL SCIENCE (Science of Non- livings) SCIENCE Civics Physics (Science of Livings) Chemistry Botany Political Science Geology Zoology Microbiology  BIOLOGY ZOOLOGY BOTANY Derived from 2 MICROBIOLOGY Greek words Study of Plants zoon(animal) & Study of logos Microorganisms Father of Botany “Theophrastus” Father of Microbiology Study of Animals “Louis Pasteur” Otherwise known as “Phytology”. Father of Zoology “Aristotle”  BRANCHES ZOOLOGY OF ZOOLOGY Study of animals  BRANCHES OF ZOOLOGY  Herpetology PHYSIOLOGY MORPHOLOGY Saurology Entomology ANATOMY Ornithology Rhinology Ecology Taxonomy Cardiology LIMNOLOGY  BRANCHES OF ZOOLOGY Study of functions Study of structure &diseases of heart of internal organs. Study of external structures of living organisms. Study of nose.  BRANCHES OF ZOOLOGY Study of inter- Study of reptiles. relationship between living organisms &its Study of water. environment. Study of birds.  SOME IMPORTANT NAMES IN THE FIELD OF ZOOLOGY Father of Biology Father of Virology Father of Mycology Father of Botany Father of Immunology  ❑ No simple definition. ❑ The history of life shows extensive and ongoing change called evolution. ❑ Answer must be based on the common history of life on earth.  ❑ Small molecules are ❑ Living systems demonstrate assembled into a unique and complex macromolecules: molecular organization 1. Nucleic Acids 2. Proteins defined as a molecule 3. Carbohydrates with a very large number 4. Lipids of atoms.  1. CARBOHYDRATES - mainly made up of carbon (C), oxygen (O), and hydrogen (H) atoms. 1. It acts as a main source of energy. 2. Plants and animals use it for structural purposes. 1. Monosaccharide – sugar made of one unit 2. Disaccharide – contain 2-10 monosaccharide units. 3. Polysaccharide - a long chain of monosaccharides joined together. ❑ made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms TYPES OF LIPIDS 1. Triglycerides – type of fat, that occurs in the blood 2. Steroids – hormones that occur naturally in the body 3. Phospholipid - make up a protective layer between the cell and its outer membrane  1. Cellular structures ❑ consist of hydrogen, 2. Controls substances in and out of cell oxygen, carbon, and 3. Fight diseases nitrogen atoms ❑ Hemoglobin in blood ❑ Insulin ❑ Myoglobin ❑ Collagen ❑ Keratin ❑ Fibrin ❑ are the molecules in our cells that direct and store information for reproduction and cellular 1. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) growth. 2. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)  ❑ In living systems there exists a hierarchy of levels that includes: ❑ Living systems demonstrate a unique and complex hierarchical organization  ❑ At each level of the biological hierarchy living forms reproduce to generate others like themselves: Genes replicated to produce new genes. Cells divide producing new cells. Organisms reproduce, sexually or ❑ Living systems can asexually, to produce new organisms. Populations may fragment to produce reproduce themselves. new populations. Species may split to produce new species ❑ A genetic program provides fidelity of inheritance. ❑ For animals and most other organisms, the genetic information is contained in DNA. ❑ DNA: Long, linear, chain of nucleotides containing genetic information. ❑ Genetic Code: correspondence between base sequences in DNA and the sequence of amino acids in a protein ❑ Living organisms maintain themselves by acquiring nutrients from their environments. ❑Metabolism is often viewed as an interaction of destructive (catabolic) and constructive (anabolic) reaction. ❑ All organisms pass through a characteristic life cycle. ❑ Development describes the characteristic changes that an organism undergoes from its origin to its final adult form  ❑ All animals interact with their environments. ❑ Ecology: The study of organismal interaction with an environment. ❑ All organisms respond to environmental stimuli. Living systems and their parts show precise and controlled movements arising from within the system ❑ Living systems extract energy from their environments permitting the initiation of controlled movements 1. Reproduction 2. Growth 3. Responses to stimuli ❑ On a larger scale: 4. Development in multicellular organisms Entire populations or species may disperse from one geographic location to another over time. 1. Multicellular - composed of more than one cell 2. Eukaryotes – cells contain membrane-enclosed nuclei 3. Heterotrophs – not capable of manufacturing their own food and must rely on external food sources. END OF LESSON 1 REMINDER (NEXT SESSION): 1. Onsite Quiz 2. Lecture