Pre-k-3 Study Guide PDF

# PK-3 Developmental 2015 ## Part 1 1. The effect of illness and poor health on a child's development include asthma and * Sickle cell disease * Tooth decay * Cleft palate * Autism spectrum disorder 2. Negative environmental factors such as drugs, viruses, malnutrition, and ext...

# PK-3 Developmental 2015 ## Part 1 1. The effect of illness and poor health on a child's development include asthma and * Sickle cell disease * Tooth decay * Cleft palate * Autism spectrum disorder 2. Negative environmental factors such as drugs, viruses, malnutrition, and extreme stress have the greatest impact on children's development * Following growth spurts * During critical periods * Following language onset * During the school years 3. A 5-year-old consistently displays the following characteristics: * Rejects events out of sequence * Shows interest in gender differences * Laces shoes with assistance * Represents objects with clay materials * Shows frustration when not understood She is demonstrating behaviors that * Are typical for her age * Suggest a developmental delay * Are indicative of attention deficit disorder * Suggest autism spectrum disorder 4. A prekindergarten student regularly exhibits difficulty moving from place to place without running into other children or stumbling over objects. In which of the following areas of development does the student need increased activity? * Kinesthetic perception * Auditory sensation * Left/right domination * Fine motor skills 5. A 2nd grader is aggressive and has trouble getting along with other students. The teacher notices that this child is less popular, has lower grades, and is less cooperative than other students. Which factor has most likely influenced his child's development? * The child's parents are divorced or separated * The child's family is living below the poverty level * The child lives in a physically abusive family * The child was born to a single teenage mother 6. Which of the following factors has the greatest effect on language development? * Proper nutrition * Socioeconomic status * Physical development * Home environment 7. According to Jean Piaget, which of the following methods would be most effective in teaching 2nd graders about the heart? * Viewing an animated film showing how the heart works * Looking at pictures in a book illustrating how the heart works * Coloring a picture showing the parts of the heart * Manipulating the parts of a heart model 8. What is the best first step for developing a parent education program for the parents of children in a preschool? * Advertising through local media * Posting parent education announcement in local service agencies * Sending announcements home with children * Conducting a needs assessment of parent interests 9. A teacher conducts a family survey for each student in the class. The teacher needs and interests are recorded on the survey. The teacher also conducts information about family services provided by the local community. What is the teacher's next best step? * Posting a list of community resources in the school office * Offering a family night to match community services with families * Mailing brochures from local agencies to the families in need * Sending information from families to the appropriate local agencies 10. A student refuses to do his work. He says "I'm stupid and this work is too hard." Applying the principles of social learning theory, a teacher would * Require the student to do additional assignments * Allow a successful peer to coach the student * Tell the student "I like the way Joan is doing her work." * Say to the student, "You can do it if you just try a little harder." 11. Which of the following literary application models provides small group instruction to students at their instructional level? * Language experience activity * Schema-oriented instruction * Guided reading * Shared reading 12. Federal law requires professionals who work with parents or guardians of children with disabilities to disseminate several types of information to the parents and guardians. This information includes * An explanation of the family's due process rights 13. Which of the following is a professional organization for those working with and on behalf of children from birth through age 8? * National Association for the Education of Young Children 14. What does it mean if a preschool or early childhood program has earned accreditation? * The program meets standards of quality established by the accrediting agency 15. Florida's mandate that all students read at grade level by 3rd grade or face retention is an implementation of the * Sunshine State Standards 16. While at the manipulative center, a 4-year-old child mouths a toy. To maintain a disease-free environment, the teacher must * Wash the toy in a diluted bleach solution 17. A 2nd grade teacher is planning a guided reading group using a chapter book. What is the most developmentally appropriate first step to take? * Introducing new words 18. Which of the following practices by a kindergarten teacher would best facilitate students' transition from one activity to another? * Flicking the classroom lights on and off when it is time to transition 19. Ms. Gomez, a kindergarten teacher, is setting up her room at the beginning of the year. What would be the best seating arrangement to help the children? * Tables spaced around the room 20. A 1st grade teacher is planning instructional goals for a diverse group of students. To help meet the needs of each student, which of the following types of instruction should the teacher use? * Differentiated 21. Which of the following is the most effective strategy for actively engaging a 2nd grade student in a reading lesson? * Having students work in pairs to sequence the parts of the story 22. A teacher is preparing to teach poetry appreciation to a group of 3rd graders who have has little experience reading poetry. Which of the following introduction to the unit will most likely generate the greatest interest among the students? * Having students select a poem to read and interpret to the class * Playing and discussing well-known artists' recordings of popular children's poems 23. A 3rd grade teacher has introduced the basic elements of graphing so that students can draw a graph showing the habitats for a list of animals. Which of the following activities best extends and enhances this activity for students who complete the work quickly? * Writing a report on the habitat of one type of animal 24. In a 3rd grade class, several students are having difficulty multiplying with regrouping. The most appropriate strategy is for the teacher to * Group children for instruction according to their knowledge in multiplying with regrouping 25. What must be included in an integrated curriculum? * Multidisciplinary units of study 26. A child's emotional development can best be observed and fostered through which kind of play? * Sociodramatic 27. A 1st grade teacher takes a few minutes each morning to talk with students encouraging them to express their thoughts and feelings without being judgmental. The teacher's behavior indicates an awareness that * A trusting student-teacher relationship enhances learning 28. A preschool director receives a teacher's schedule. The schedule includes a separate time for math, reading, writing, and science. There is also tie scheduled for lunch recess and center time. The director reviews the schedule with the teacher. Based on developmentally appropriate practices, which of the following statements would best reflect the director's response to the schedule? * The director suggests that the teacher combine the academic areas into a thematic unit time block 29. A program that offers dance, drama, music, and art as part of the curriculum is addressing which of the following developmental domains? * Aesthetic 30. At the beginning of each 3rd grade social studies class, the teacher discusses material to be covered in the upcoming lesson. The teacher is using a critical listening activity called a(an) * Advance organizer 31. When a teacher says a word and asks a child to say the individual sounds of the that word, the child is being asked to * Segment 32. A teacher has been discussing safety issues with her 2nd grade students. The most appropriate exercise for their culminating activity would be having the class * View a video describing the dangers of strangers 33. Which of the following is a developmentally appropriate art appreciation activity for students in the first grade? * Giving students opportunities to discuss their responses to works of art displayed in the classroom 34. Several students in a 3rd grade class repeatedly make errors on the same addition facts. The best type of computer software for helping students master these facts would be software that * Responds to correct answers with entertaining audio and visual displays 35. A teacher places puppets representing characters from a story in the dramatic play center after reading a new story to the class. The students act out the story with the puppets. The students take turns using the different characters. How does this use of puppets enhance children's language development? * Students' expressive language skills are increased 36. Which of the following is the most appropriate way to promote the reading success of a student identified with a specific reading disability in a general education classroom? * Implementing instructional methods specified in the student's educational plan 37. Eight-year-old Tommy has difficulty understanding what other students or teachers say and a hard time communicating ideas or feelings. Tommy is expressing symptoms of which disorder? * Language 38. A 5-year-old child with Down syndrome is in kindergarten. Although the child's social relationships with the other children have been positive, the teacher recently noticed that the child is often teased by other children. The child's playmates are less interested in including the child in their play unless the child takes on the role of the baby. Which of the following is the best course of action by the child's teacher? * Meet with the school administration team to discuss ways to help the child to be more accepted by peers 39. Donald is a 3rd grade student whose reading ability and written communication are well below grade level. The diagnostic reading assessments indicate Donald is unlikely to pass the statewide assessment. Which intervention strategy would accelerate Donald's academic progress? * Peer tutoring and whole language instruction 40. Which of the following classroom settings provides students with disabilities the chance to work and learn to the best of their ability with as much contact as possible with students without disabilities? * Least restrictive environment 41. A 3rd grade class includes several students whose families are migrant workers. Which of the following strategies for working with these students would best address their educational needs? * Using homogeneous grouping for this population of students 42. Mrs. Miranda is a preschool teacher who has developed a good relationship with the parents of children with identified disabilities. The parents have asked her to help them locate a medical referral service. The most appropriate action for Mrs. Miranda is to * Provide parents with contact information for local health agencies 43. A student with special educational needs transfers into a beginning teacher's class. The teacher attends an IEP meeting to discuss the unique needs of the child and develop a written plan for the services. Which of the following would be the main goal of the IEP team meeting? * Identifying and prioritizing individual goals 44. An English language learner is having difficulty with multimeaning words in English. The student is able to pronounce the words but cannot comprehend their various meaning. What vocabulary approach would be most appropriate for this student? * Word mapping 45. A preschool teacher would like to determine whether a child's motor skills are within the normal range for the child's age. Which of the following instruments should the teacher use? * Developmental checklist 46. A principal is preparing to meet with the 3rd grade team to discuss students for mandatory retention. What information is most critical to review to make an informed decision? * Progress monitoring date and state assessment data 47. Through engaging teacher observation, a kindergarten teacher notices that a student has difficulty identifying individual sounds in single-syllable words. Which of the following activities should the teacher use to help this student? * Reciting and singing nursery rhymes 48. A 3rd grade teacher assigns an oral presentation. The students will be graded on the information in the presentation and on the props they select will also be graded on the volume and rate of their speech and their mannerisms. Which of the following would be the most appropriate authentic assessment for the teacher to utilize? * Checklist 49. Which of the following abilities is the most important for early childhood teachers when conducting family conferences? * To be culturally sensitive and develop rapport with all family members 50. A preschool teacher sets up a grocery store in one corner of the classroom. After a week, the teacher notices that not as many students are visiting the grocery store. What is the most appropriate next step for the teacher? * Change to props in the grocery store 51. A preschool teacher wants to practice whether children are sufficiently developing to benefit from kindergarten instruction. Which of the following assessment types should the teacher use? * Readiness test 52. A teacher using the Response to intervention framework engages in ongoing progress monitoring of a child who is not making expected learning gains. The child continues to have difficulty achieving academic success even after receiving group interventions. What is the teacher's most appropriate next step to take? * Prompting and modeling to scaffold the student's learning 53. After a preschooler hits another child, a teacher removes the preschooler from the group. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step? * Placing the child in a time-out in the classroom 54. Which of the following strategies is LEAST appropriate for helping young children learn self-control? * Valuing mistakes as learning opportunities 55. Which is the best early childhood instructional strategy for fostering appropriate social behavior in a classroom of young children? * Establishing a classroom routine that provides continuity 56. A teacher wants to promote children's social-emotional development through interaction with peers. Which of the following strategies would be most effective? * Dramatic play 57. A teacher has taken a group of 4-year-olds outside to look for items to place on the science table. Kamari and Angela simultaneously reach for a pinecone, both shouting, "I saw it first." The teacher should resolve this conflict by * Helping Kamari and Angela work out an acceptable solution 58. What is a teacher's most important tool in implementing programs for character development in young children? * Collaborative projects 59. A group of 4-year-olds called a teacher over to the fish tank. They discovered that one of the fish had died. The children were sad, and some of the children began to cry. The teacher should * Encourage the children to talk about the death of the fish and let them share their feelings 60. Professional assessment has determined that a 1st grader who is struggling with gross motor skills qualifies for resource services. Which of the following professionals would provide these services? * Physical therapist * Occupational therapist 61. Public policy decisions most directly influence the development of young children by affecting families' * Access to resources 62. A 4-year-old child speaks in one-word phrases and has a very limited vocabulary. This is most likely indicative of * Expressive language delay 63. Which of the following has been identified as the leading cause of alcohol experimentation by children in the primary grades? * Peer pressure 64. Scientific research on identical twins who are separated at birth has been used to * Determine developmental impacts of the environment 65. Which of the following is the best strategy for encouraging the participation of single- parent families in school activities? * Arranging volunteer opportunities during the school day 66. A kindergarten teacher recently sent a letter to students' parents or guardians, inviting them to visit the class. However, there was minimal response to the invitation. The teacher's best strategy for addressing this situation would be to * Implement an alternative plan for building closer ties with parents or guardians 67. Which of the following is an example of an effective strategy that a school could adopt to develop and enhance partnership with the community? * Entering into a collaborative agreement with local businesses 68. Which of the following children is operating at the concrete operational stage of intellectual development?: * Jessie is comparing sizes of various containers and ordering them according to their size. She can make statements about their ordering. 69. Mainstreaming was brought about by the Individuals with Disability Education Act of 1975, which mandated * Least restrictive environment 70. Which of the following best encourages an exchange of information between parents and educators? * A schedule of frequent parent conferences 71. Teachers provide developmentally appropriate activities by * Working with a child on his or her cognitive level to foster understanding 72. According to current research, which of the following should be the primary consideration in selecting or developing instructional materials for an early childhood classroom? * Needs of the students 73. An informal assessment reveals that a 1st grade student is performing below expectations in mathematics. After conferencing with the student's parents several strategies were implemented to increase student achievement. However, the student continued performing below expectation. Which of the following would be the best next step when formulating this child's learning goals?: * Initiating the Response to Intervention process 74. Which of the following is a clearly stated objective for a lesson on classroom behavior? * Students will walk quietly in the room 75. A 1st grade teacher places two lima beans into each of three margarine tubs to illustrate that 3 x 2 = 6. Which of the following instructional experiences is being provided to the students? * Concrete 76. A 2nd grade teacher observes that several students are having with rhyming patterns. Which of the following would be the most effective grouping strategy to ensure that all students master this objective? * Having students work in cooperative groups using reciprocal instruction 77. Which of the following is a characteristic of an integrated curriculum?: * Multidisciplinary units of study 78. Which of the following activities would best develop gross motor skills in prekindergarten children?: * Climbing stairs with alternating foot 79. A parent of a preschool student has been away from home for an extended amount of time. This student is having difficulty adjusting to the parent's absence. The student is acting out by shoving peers and throwing classroom materials. Which of the following strategies would best meet the needs of this student? * Acknowledging that student's emotions and having the class work together to create a greeting card for the absent parent 80. Creative thought questions are characterized by having more than one right answer because a number of possible replies may be of equal value. To which of the following types of open-ended thinking processes does this statement relate? * Divergent 81. Which of the following activities would be most appropriate for improving the cardiorespiratory fitness of 1st grade students? * Performing simple dances to music 82. When introducing kindergarten students to the concept of color, a teacher should use which of the following activities to apply principles of child development and active learning? * Having the students mix tempera paint in primary color and note what happens 83. In a 1st grade class, which of the following strategies would best help students build reading fluency? * Having the students listen attentively as the teacher reads aloud from a book 84. A preschool teacher is working with an individual child on a literacy activity. The teacher show the child four different pictures each depicting a child engaged in some type of outside activity. The teacher then says, "Can you point to the picture that shows someone climbing?" The child then points to the picture that shows a young child on a climbing frame. Which of the following types of vocabulary is being practiced? * Receptive 85. Several 1st grade students are having difficulty acquiring an early literacy skill. Which of the following teaching approaches would most likely meet these students' needs? * Explicit instruction in a small group 86. Which of the following is a major trend in the education of students with exceptionalities?: * Inclusion 87. A 2nd grade student in foster care exhibits some behaviors characteristic of low self- esteem. Which of the following strategies would best support the students? * Successful practice, specific praise, and cooperative group activities 88. To effectively instruct ELLs in English phonics, teachers should * Conduct vocabulary games 89. A 3rd grade social studies teacher wants to compare the skill level of the class with that of other social studies classes in the states. Which of the following assessments would provide this information? * A norm-referenced social studies test 90. What is the mode of a set of test scores? * The most frequent score 91. Which of the following methods is the most appropriate for a preschool teacher to assess children's play behaviors in a housekeeping play center? * Systematic observation 92. Which of the following types of assessment instruments is the most appropriate for determining whether a preschool child will be able to successfully perform the tasks of the kindergarten curriculum? * Readiness 93. A student is not responding to group intervention associated with the response to intervention framework. The student was screened for learning disabilities and none were identified. What is the next best step to help the student achieve targeted learning goals? * Implementing intensive individualized interventions 94. In order to maintain a classroom that encourages self-guidance and independent behavior, a teacher should * Make or obtain materials and equipment appropriate to the developmental needs of the children 95. A kindergarten student is having difficulty with recent changes in her family. Her frustration is reflected in aggressive behavior toward peers. Which of the following strategies would be the best first step in promoting positive social-emotional development? * Requesting a conference with the student's parents 96. A teacher is drafting conflict resolution procedures for his 3rd grade class. Which of the following would be most appropriate to tell his students?: * Remain calm, show respect by listening to each other describe the conflict, think of the solutions, and agree on which to use 97. A few of the children in a 1st grade classroom are throwing candy wrappers and other trash onto the school playground. To solve this problem, the teacher should * Invite the school custodian to discuss why it is important to keep school grounds clean and how all students can help 98. Which of the following is the most appropriate way for a kindergarten teacher to support a family facing difficulties with child rearing? * Helping the family locate community rearing resources to address their needs 99. 100. ## Part 2 1. Which of the following student behaviors best demonstrates positive motivation to read? * Interacting with materials in a print-rich environment 2. A kindergarten teacher writes a simple poem on chart paper and asks individual students to point to each word on the page as the teacher reads the poem. This activity can be used to assess students' understanding of: * How words are represented in print 3. Douglas knows phonic sounds but is unable to use these sounds to recognize words. Which prerequisite skill is the likely course of his problem? * Phonemic blending 4. A teacher has several students who have not mastered print orientation concepts. Which of the following materials would be most appropriate for addressing that issue through instruction? * Big book 5. Which of the following instructional strategies would best help an emergent reader of the concept of directionality? * During shared reading session , the teacher points to each word as it is being read 6. A kindergarten teacher has created several centers in the classroom including an area with picture books, one with listening activities, and one with a puppet stage and puppets. This teacher is using these centers to develop * Emergent literacy 7. A teacher reads a story about a class pet. After reading the story, the teacher asked the class to think about what type of class pet they would like to have. The teacher asked the students to make a list of the suggestions. The teacher encourages the students to come up to the board one at a time to write a suggestion. The teacher prompts the students to write at least the initial consonant for the word. The teacher fills in the sounds yet, the students have not learned. The teacher and students read the list together. What type of lesson is occurring in the scenario? * Guided writing 8. Which of the following pairs will most likely create a print-rich classroom reflecting the varying heritages of the students?: * Word walls and reading areas with diverse materials 9. Which of the following is the most appropriate strategy for enhancing literacy development?: * Flexible grouping 10. After a teacher models reader strategies for comprehending a text, students take turns in that role, summarizing what the group has read, raising questions about a text, and clarifying difficult content. This format for teaching comprehension skills is called * Reciprocal teaching 11. Which of the following would be the most developmentally appropriate activity to facilitate emergent and early literacy?: * Engaging the students in dramatic play 12. Which of the following student activities incorporates reading, writing, listening, viewing, and presenting across the curriculum?: * Engaging in readers theatre and writing about the experience in the daily journal 13. A prekindergarten teacher is teaching a unit on firefighters and the trucks. The teacher chooses a number of books for the classroom library that supplements the theme. The teacher introduces the unit and asks the students questions regarding what they already know about firefighters. Once the unit is completed, the teacher and students visit the local fire station. Which of the following techniques is the teacher using to motivate the students?: * Giving the students a way to experience a career 14. The students in a 2nd grade class have each completed the first draft of a book report. * Which of the following components of a balanced literacy program would be the most effective technique for the teacher to use before the students continue? * Conferencing with the teacher 15. Which of the following is most appropriate for teaching the nonfiction genre in a 3rd grade classroom?: * An article about science 16. A 1st grade teacher was reading the story of *Pau Bunyan and Babe. The Big Blue Ox*. The literary genre represented by this story is * A well-known folk tale 17. Developing the ability to examine different perspectives within literature is a critical skill for students. Which of the following activities would be most appropriate for a teacher who wants to help a 3rd grade class develop this skill? * Ask a student to read three myths about the origins of weather. Have the students summarize the origins and compare the various viewpoints 18. A 3rd grade teacher gave the students in each cooperative group four stories to read. Each story developed the plot in a different way, and the directions were to discuss the different plot structures in the group, then create a presentation for the class. The strategy the teacher is using with the students is * To create appropriate opportunities for students to develop literary analysis skill 19. A kindergarten teacher discusses an upcoming literature selection with a small group of students. The discussion includes previewing the selection, showing the cover, and reading a few paragraphs. Which technique is the teacher using? * Book talk 20. A kindergarten teacher has developed a library of print and non-print cross-curriculum media in the classroom to provide various opportunities for children to interact with multiple representations of information. The teacher to the students that the purpose of these representations is to * Enhance the text but not replace it 21. A second grade teacher would like students to compare the life span of a number of animals discussed in an informational text. Which of the following visual representations would be most appropriate for students to create to help them address this goal? * Timeline 22. Asking students to tell what happened in a paragraph or section of an informational text by restating what the author wrote is an example of which of the following reading comprehension strategies? * Summarizing 23. A 1st grade teacher reads an expository text titled "The Truth About Alligators and Crocodiles". Which of the following graphic organizers would best present information from the text? * Venn diagram 24. Which of the following gives examples of expository text structures? * Explanation-process, enumeration-description, time sequence 25. An effective teacher will best facilitate students' comprehension of text factors by using which of the following combinations of strategies? * a. Encouraging students to apply knowledge when reading * b. Having students read silently in a basal reader each day * c. Teaching students that stories have unique elements * d. Giving weekly vocabulary tests * 1 and 26. Which of the following text features would best help a student locate specific information in a nonfiction book? * Glossary 27. A beginning reader substitutes the word *dig* for the word *pig* when reading the sentence "The pig sat in the mud." The teacher responds by asking, "The dig sat in the mud"--- does that make sense?" The teacher's question focuses attention on which of the following word recognition processes? * Using contextual cues 28. A teacher gives the students the word *unrestricted* and asks them to define it using the familiar and meaningful parts in the word. The teacher is using a cueing strategy for decoding word meanings called morphemic analysis. Which of the following is also a cueing strategy for decoding word meanings? * Semantics 29. When reading a book to a kindergartner, the teacher uses different voices to show different characters, pauses at commas, and changes vocal pitch at the ends of sentences. Which of the following components of fluency is the teacher demonstrating? * Prosody 30. Which of the following is the best definition of automaticity in reading? * Quick and effortless reading of words 31. Which of the following most reflects current research on successful vocabulary instruction in schools? * Vocabulary words should be linked to spelling word instruction 32. A 3nd grade class is learning to recognize and know the meaning of prefixes, suffixes, and root words. Which method is most effective for the teacher to use? * Context clues 33. Three major activities in teaching a story are * a. Introducing the children to new vocabulary and concepts * b. Reading the story, and * c. Providing summation on activities that help children grasp what they have read Which approach to teaching reading is partially described by the passage? * Directed reading 34. Students read the following paragraph about Italy: About 11 million people visit Italy every year, more than any other country in Europe. The sunny climate and art treasures such as Leonardo Da Vinci's "Last Supper" earn more money for Italy than most factories. The teacher asks "How many people visit Italy each year?" This question checks which type of comprehension? * Literal 35. A 1st grade teacher presents two narrative books. The class will discuss the similarities and differences between the characters, facts, and ideas presented in each book. To enhance reading comprehension, which of the following graphic organizers should the teacher use with the class?: * T-chart 36. A 2nd grade teacher is using the reading text to show the students how the pictures, bolded text, italicized print, and captions will help them to understand content area text. What instructional strategy is the teacher using * Using text features 37. Which of the following instructional strategies is the best one for developing critical thinking skills? * Making predictions 38. Mrs. Milan and her 2nd grade students read books together, with the students following as the teacher reads, and then repeating familiar refrains. This instructional strategy is called * Echo reading 39. A 2nd grade student has demonstrated automaticity in reading words in isolation. However, when reading passages allowed, the student does not read expressively at an appropriate rate. Which of the following instructional strategies would be most effective for promoting this student's fluency development? * Having the student practice reading aloud passages that have been modeled by a skilled reader 40. A teacher asks the students to read a passage in the textbook and gives them five words to define using surrounding words and sentences in a passage. This type of strategy is referred to as using context clues. Which of the following strategies is NOT appropriate to teach comprehension of complex literature and informational text? * Rereading chunks of text for different purposes 41. Which developmental stage of spelling does the following sentence exemplify? *"AL MI FRNDS LIKD THE APL CAK"* * Phonetic spelling 42. Based on current research, spelling instruction should emphasize * Letter patterns that recur in English spelling. 43. After a preschool class visits the zoo, the teacher asks the children to describe what they saw and write their words on the board. This activity would best foster the children's understanding of which of the following?: * The stages of writing 44. First grade students are learning basic grammar concepts. Which of the following guidelines should the teacher apply to his teaching? * a. Instruction in grammar should be incorporated into the revision and editing processes 45. A small group of 2nd graders are having difficulty understanding the concept of using a question mark or a period when writing sentences. What would be the most appropriate strategy to help them? * Editing the children's writing in cooperative learning groups 46. What mode of writing retells the beginning, middle, and end of a story or discusses elements, such as plot or character? * Narrative 47. The 2nd grade teacher is discussing the development of the Bill of Rights in the Constitution of the United States and asks the students to whom were the Founding Fathers directing this famous document. Which of the following skills is the teacher introducing to the children? * Developing an opportunity to study a piece of literature 48. A 2nd grade teacher brings the students together in a writer's workshop activity called "author's chair." The teacher uses this strategy for enhancing writer's craft. The strategy being used is referred to as * Using shared writing experience 49. A 2nd grade teacher is giving the students several strategies for facilitating the audience's comprehension as they begin to write the first draft of their speeches for a speech contest. Which of the following is an appropriate strategy? * Summarizing at the end 50. The given visual is one of the key elements used in students' presentations of ideas When I speak to a group * I stick to my topic * My talk follows a logical path * I speak clearly and enunciate properly * My speech flows and is paced correctly * I speak smoothly * I use Standard English * Yes, (1), no (2), sometimes (3) This element is * An agreed-upon rubric 51. Which of the following sentences contains an example of an INCORRECT pronoun usage? * The sales clerk took the order from Mary and I 52. A teacher has begun a lesson on the different types of sentence structure and has written this sentence on the board: * The field trip to the museum was very informational, and the students enjoyed seeing the large skeleton of the Tyrannosaurus rex in the exhibition hall. The students are asked to analyze the sentence for the type of structure used. Which of the following is the correct response