Practise Test 1 PDF - Topic 2 Test Yourself

TEST YOURSELF TOPIC 2 TOPIC 2 Test Yourself Allocate 60 minutes to complete this test. Answer all of the questi...

TEST YOURSELF TOPIC 2 TOPIC 2 Test Yourself Allocate 60 minutes to complete this test. Answer all of the questions in the spaces provided. The number of marks for each question is shown in brackets. Answers are suggested for all questions at the end of the test. Note that they are not intended to be the only possible answer. Read these carefully after the test and use them as part of an assessment for learning activity. 1. Diseases can be placed into different categories. a) State the difference between infectious and non-infectious disease. an infectious disease is transmissable between people, objects, and animals, while non-infectious diseases cannot infect another thing like cancer. (2 marks) b) Complete the following table by placing the diseases listed below in the correct category. Diseases: tuberculosis, food poisoning, heart disease, AIDS, cancer, diabetes Infectious disease Non-infectious disease tubercolosis heart disease AIDS cancer Food poisoning diabetes (6 marks) 2. Diseases can be spread in a range of ways. Droplet infection is one of these mechanisms. a)Explain what droplet infection is, how it enables the spread of the pathogen and give an example to illustrate your answer. Droplet  infection is where a diseased pathogen is spread by droplets such as spit, salivia, or mucus. This enables the infection to spread from person to person as it is dispearsed through the air after actions such as coughing, sneezing, or spitting.   (4 marks) b) Name one other way in which a pathogen can be transmitted, giving an example to illustrate your answer. pathogens  can also be spread through bodily fluids such as blood or sweat.  (2 marks) App © Essentials Education 2016 201 FINAL Workbook C.indb 201 21/09/2016 9:20:44 PM  TOPIC 2 INFECTIOUS DSEASE 3. An epidemic can occur when a particular pathogen spreads disease in a short space of time. Epidemics can be caused by a number of factors. Using a relatively recent epidemic, from the last decade or so: a) Select the most likely factor that caused the epidemic to occur, explaining the reasons for your choice. The  most likely factor for epidemics to occur could be the lack of knowldge about sanitation so it can become hard to control or minimise the spread, another being that the pathogens are learning to grow and become immune against the vaccines and medication that we currently have.   (4 marks) b) Predict the most likely method(s) that you believe are being used or should be used to contain such outbreaks. i believe that a method to contain outbreaks that is used that is good is the isolation. This often would work againt many dieases as they would die out because there is no new host nearby to migrate to.    (4 marks) 4. The virus which gives rise to AIDS consists of ribonucleic acid covered with a protein coat. One of the adaptations of the virus which assists in its survival and spread is its ability to change its protein coat. Explain how this ability can aid in its survival and spread.      (4 marks) 202 © Essentials Education 2016 FINAL Workbook C.indb 202 21/09/2016 9:20:44 PM  TEST YOURSELF TOPIC 2 Human Endeavour Question 5. Below is a heading that appeared in The Advertiser in April 2016. ‘SA Health blames raw bean sprouts for surge in salmonella cases.’ This was prompted by 108 reported cases of salmonella poisoning in a relatively short period of time. It was suspected that eating raw bean sprouts (pic) may have been cause of the poisoning. Salmonella infection symptoms include such things as fever, diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting. a) State a likely reason as to why infection with salmonella bacteria may give rise to the symptoms listed.     (2 marks) b) One of the recommended measures that could be used by people eating bean sprouts was to cook them before consumption. Explain why this is likely to be an effective measure.   (2 marks) c) Choose one of the following to answer related to Science as a Human Endeavour. Explain, using specific examples, the role of communication between a range of departments, industries, groups and individuals that would be essential in any scientific investigation aimed at verifying the source of contamination and ensuring that the spread of disease was stopped. OR Propose the most likely strategies that would have been implemented by scientists and health authorities to stop the spread of disease. Evaluate the likely effectiveness of your suggestions, taking into account and limitations in knowledge and unknown factors.                App  (10 marks) © Essentials Education 2016 203 FINAL Workbook C.indb 203 21/09/2016 9:20:44 PM  TOPIC 2 INFECTIOUS DSEASE Inquiry Skills Question 6. Refer to the information and graph below of an investigation into the effectiveness of eight different antibiotics on the growth of one bacterial species. The antibiotics are soaked into filter paper which is placed on an agar plate coated with the bacteria. To measure the effectiveness of the antibiotics in inhibiting bacterial growth a measurement is taken of the ‘zone of inhibition’. The greater the zone, the more effective the antibiotic is in reducing bacterial growth. a) Ciprofloxacin Zone of inhibition (diameter) mm 50 Chloramphenicol Streptomycin 40 Doxycycline Tetracycline 30 Erythromycin 20 Ampicillin Penicillin 10 0 Different antibiotics b) Write the aim of the investigation.   (2 marks) c) Explain a possible reason why different antibiotics are not equally effective at inhibiting the growth of the bacteria.     (4 marks) d) State which antibiotic you would use on a person who was infected with this particular strain of bacteria and give your reasons.     (4 marks) e) Explain the difference between antibiotics and antiseptics, describing where each is most effective in reducing the negative impact of pathogens.      (4 marks) 204 © Essentials Education 2016 FINAL Workbook C.indb 204 21/09/2016 9:20:44 PM  TEST YOURSELF TOPIC 2 7. Explain why the ability to change its outside protein makes it difficult to develop a vaccine against the HIV virus. Refer to the diagram below to assist you in answering the questions that follow. Eye - cornea - protective layer - lysozyme in tears ear wax - blinking Mucus secreted cough/sneeze reflexes in respiratory system - expel pathogens trap and move pathogens to the mouth Skin - largest organ of human body - waterproof - tough outer layer Antimicobial chemicals secreted on skin Stomach acids Mucus secreted destroys pathogens in digestive system a) This diagram illustrates examples of non-specific or innate defence mechanisms. Explain the difference between non-specific and specific defence mechanisms.      (4 marks) b) There are both physical and chemical mechanisms that provide non-specific protection against invading pathogens. Give an example of each and describe how each example helps protect humans from attack by pathogens. Physical      (4 marks) Chemical      (4 marks) App © Essentials Education 2016 205 FINAL Workbook C.indb 205 21/09/2016 9:20:44 PM  TOPIC 2 INFECTIOUS DSEASE 8. An experiment was conducted to observe responses of an organism to infection by a pathogen. For each of the observations below explain the likely biological processes responsible. a) An increase in red colour and temperature of the skin.      (4 marks) b) An increase in the number of white blood cells in the area.      (4 marks) 9. Name the cell types that carry out particular roles in the specific defence system. a) Cells that produce antibodies.  (2 marks) b) Cells that can destroy human cells infected with virus particles.  (2 marks) c) Cells that can provide memory to a specific pathogen and boost the secondary response.  (2 marks) 206 © Essentials Education 2016 FINAL Workbook C.indb 206 21/09/2016 9:20:45 PM  TEST YOURSELF TOPIC 2 10. When a woman is pregnant, antibodies for some specific diseases may move across the placenta and enter the bloodstream of the foetus. a) State the name of this type of immunity  (2 marks) b) Give reasons that this immunity does not last for very long.      (4 marks) c) In individuals who are allergic to certain substances, for e.g. pollen, it is often noticed that this allergy gets worse as the person is exposed on many occasions to the pollen. The allergic response is caused by the immune system. Put forward an argument to explain this observation.      (4 marks) App © Essentials Education 2016 207 FINAL Workbook C.indb 207 21/09/2016 9:20:45 PM  TOPIC 2 INFECTIOUS DSEASE Assessment Key Assessment Questions where this could be assessed Design Criteria IAE1 4.c IAE2 3.b IAE3 5.a IAE4 KA1 1.a,b; 2.a,b; 4.a,b,d; 7.a,b; 9.a,b,c; 10.a,b. KA2 3.a; 5.b; 6; 8.a,b; 10.c. KA3 4.c,d; 5.c. KA4 4.c,d (and most other 4 mark questions) 208 © Essentials Education 2016 FINAL Workbook C.indb 208 21/09/2016 9:20:45 PM