Practice Exam 4-Key.pdf

Practice Exam 4 Key 1. Please list the roles for the following: a. Type I Pneumocyte: Diffusion of gasses b. Type II Pneumocyte: Production of Surfactant c. Psuedostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium: Movement of...

Practice Exam 4 Key 1. Please list the roles for the following: a. Type I Pneumocyte: Diffusion of gasses b. Type II Pneumocyte: Production of Surfactant c. Psuedostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium: Movement of mucous d. Tracheal C-ring: Support Trachea, allow swallowing 2. Please answer the following questions regarding the spirogram: a. What volume represents pontine breathing? TV b. What volume is the best indicator of overall lung function? FVC c. What volume represents the air left in the lungs after a normal exhalation? FRC d. What volume is the modern way to asses vital capacity? FEV6 3. Please list the anatomic structures classified by the following: a. Conducting airways: Trachea, Bronchi, Large, Small & Terminal Bronchioles. b. Respiratory airways: Respiratory Bronchioles, Alveolar Ducts, Alveoli. 4. Please answer the following questions: a. What is the main muscle for breathing? Diaphragm b. Is this muscle smooth or skeletal? Skeletal c. What nerve controls the muscle? Phrenic 5. A patient is dosed with 2 liters of O2 via nasal cannula. Please answer the following questions: a. Describe what changes for the patient, and why. Increased ppO2 leads to increased diffusion of O2, which leads to increased PO2 b. What law are you relying upon? Henry’s Law 6. How is the medulla involved in the increase in breathing rate that occurs at altitude? The medulla senses the low O2 in blood, and increases breathing rate to compensate (Hypoxemic Drive) 1 7. How is the medulla involved in the increase in breathing rate that occurs during exercise? The medulla senses the higher CO2 levels in blood, and increases the breathing rate to remove the CO2 (Hypercapnic Dive) 8. Please consider Boyle’s Law as you answer the following questions: a. In order to breath in, you must first increase the Volume which in turn decreases the Pressure b. In order to breath out, you must first decrease the Volume which in turn increases the Pressure 9. Please consider LaPlace’s Law as you consider the following questions: a. True or False; According to Laplace’s Law, alveolar air pressure is inversely/reciprocally related to the size of the alveoli. True b. What does pulmonary surfactant do to alveolar air pressure? Decreases air pressure by decreasing Surface Tension 10. What nerve controls the vocal cords? Vagus/CN X 11. Please consider the neural control of breathing as you answer the following questions: a. What reflex controls Pontine breathing? Hering-Breuer Reflex b. What two nerves send information to the medulla regarding CO2, H+, and O2 levels in the blood? CN IX, and X (Glossopharyngeal & Vagus) 12. Why does the concentration (partial pressure) of oxygen decrease as you breath in room air?. It is diluted by H2O, and it mixes with the Residual air in the lungs 2