Practice Exam 3.2 Key.pdf

KEY 1. For Humoral Immunity, what role is played by: -The Macrophage: It is an antigen presenting cell. -The B-cell (lymphocyte): It transforms into the plasma cell & then makes and releases antibodies. -The MHC Class II: MHC II is present only i...

KEY 1. For Humoral Immunity, what role is played by: -The Macrophage: It is an antigen presenting cell. -The B-cell (lymphocyte): It transforms into the plasma cell & then makes and releases antibodies. -The MHC Class II: MHC II is present only in antigen presenting cells, such as macrophages. This allows the macrophage to present the antigen on its surface, without the threat of being killed by another white blood cell. 2. If someone has an acidosis, please explain how the Bohr/Haldane effect influences what will happen to hemoglobin? When pH drops, it forces Hb into the carbaminohemoglobin form. Thus, it releases O2 and picks up CO2. 3. Which white blood cells are the most abundant in blood? Neutrophils 4. Which antibody is the most abundant in blood? IgG 5. What 4 roles does thrombin have in clotting? 1. Accelerates the clumping of platelets 2. Positive feedback activation of tissue factors V, VIII, and XI 3. Proteolytic cleavage of fibrinogen to form soluble fibrin 4. Activation of factor XIII which converts soluble fibrin into insoluble fibrin by forming covalent bonds 6. According to the notes, what does interferon do to cells? Interferons are antiviral proteins which inhibit protein synthesis. 7. Please list the two ways in which hemoglobin is considered a “buffer” for Carbon Dioxide? It binds CO2 directly, forming carbaminohemoglobin. It also binds hydrogen ions directly. 8. According to the notes, what is a brief definition of an Antigen? It is a protein that confers identity 9.According to the notes, what is a brief definition of an Antibody? It is a protein that binds to antigens. 10.What are the variables in Virchow’s Triad, and what do they represent? Stasis of flow Hypercoagubility Endothelial damage They represent the ways in which blood clots form intravascularly