PPT-GEN-BIO.pdf

Biology: It’s all about You Lesson 1.1 The Study of Life  Why Biology is considered as the Science of Life? Biology comes from two Greek words “bios” means life and “logos” means study. a science that deals with structures, function of living things and their relationship with the environme...

Biology: It’s all about You Lesson 1.1 The Study of Life  Why Biology is considered as the Science of Life? Biology comes from two Greek words “bios” means life and “logos” means study. a science that deals with structures, function of living things and their relationship with the environment. 3 Major Divisions of Biology 1. Microbiology- study of microorganisms 2. Botany- study of plants 3. Zoology- study of animals  Traditional Branches 1. Taxonomy- naming and classifying organisms 2. Cytology- structures and functions of cells 3. Embryology- formation and development of an organism 4. Anatomy- structure and parts of organism 5. Physiology- functions of living organisms and their parts  Traditional Branches 6. Biochemistry- biochemical compositions and processes of living things 7. Genetics- heredity and variation 8. Evolution- origin and differentiation of various organisms 9. Ecology- relationships of organisms and their environment  Modern Branches 1. Bioinformatics- biological data using computer programs 2. Genomics- entire genetic material of an organism 3. Molecular Biology- molecules that make up the cells of living organism 4. Pharmacogenomics- how genes affects a person’s response to drugs  Modern Branches 5. Proteomics- different proteins in an organism 6. Synthetic Biology- artificial biological systems 7. Systems Biology- computational and mathematical modeling of biological systems Why do we study Biology? 1. Helps you understand the functions and reactions of your body. 2. Helps in understanding how animals survive, respond and to interact with the environment. 3. Encompasses the study of different causative agents of diseases such as bacteria and viruses. 4. Biology as Science  Science An objective, logical and repeatable attempt to understand the principles of forces operating in the natural world. A body of systematized information about living things derives from observations and experiments.  2 Approaches in Scientific Investigations: 1. Discovery- based Science- relies on verifiable observations and experiments. 2. Hypothesis- based Science- involves the use of scientific method.  Steps in Scientific Method: 1. Observation 2. Hypothesis 3. Experiment 4. Conclusion Two kinds of Scientific Reasoning: 1. Inductive Reasoning or Bottom- Up Approach- specific to general 2. Deductive Reasoning or Top- down Approach- general principles to more specific principles.  Common Biological Theories 1. Cell Theory- Cell is the basic unit of life 2. Gene Theory- inherited information dictates the structure, function and behavior of an organism. 3. Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection- organisms possess inherited traits that may make them adaptable to changing conditions in their environment. Thank you :)