Unifying Themes in the Study of Life PDF

LESSON 03 MS. KYLA AQUINO LESSON 03 Biology involves different disciplines. These disciplines are connected to one another, through which the biologist termed as unifying themes. emergent properties of biological systems Everything in the living world is Emergent p...

LESSON 03 MS. KYLA AQUINO LESSON 03 Biology involves different disciplines. These disciplines are connected to one another, through which the biologist termed as unifying themes. emergent properties of biological systems Everything in the living world is Emergent property is a organized in a hierarchal way, characteristic an entity gains when with each step upward the it becomes part of a bigger system. hierarchy, things become more It helps living organisms better complicated as they interact with adapt to their environments and lower levels. increase their chances of survival. Brain - a complex organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that regulates our body. Brain tissue - tissues are group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function. Brain cells Glial cells - help maintain your brain form a protective substance and provide nutrition to your brain. Nerve cells - also known as neurons, send and receive electric nerve signals.  levels of organization beyond the individual organism Localized group of organisms belonging to the same species POPULATION  levels of organization beyond the individual organism Populations of species living in the same area COMMUNITY cellular basis of life Cell is lowest level of structure capable of performing all activities of life. Most multicellular organisms have cells that are specialized for different functions. Muscle cells contract and enable us to move Nerve cells transmit impulses that control our muscles cellular basis of life The invention of microscope led to the discovery of the cell and the formulation of the cell theory.  the cell theory First proposed in 1838, a fundamental scientific theory of biology according to which cells are held to be the basic units of all living tissues. Theodore Matthias Jakob Schwann Schleiden reproduction & inheritance Reproduction is a process by which living organisms produce offspring or generate individuals of the same species. Provides continued existence of species.  types of reproduction sexual asexual Offsprings are unique or not Offsprings are identical to the identical to the parents or parents siblings Little chance of genetic variation Has genetic variation Method of reproduction: Method of reproduction: mitosis, binary fission, meiosis budding, & fragmentation meiosis Process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. mitosis A process of cell duplication, in which one cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. Occurs in eukaryotes. binary fission A process of cell duplication, in which one cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. Occurs in prokaryotes. budding Occurs when a parent organism forms a bubble like bud, the bud stays attached to the parent while it grows and develops. Once the bud is fully developed, it breaks away from the parent and forms a new organism fragmentation Occurs when a parent organism breaks into fragments or pieces. Each fragment develops into a new organism. REproduction & inheritance The continuity of life is dependent upon the passage of biological information from one generation to the next. The offspring inherits units of information called genes from their parents.  Gene Chromosomes Genes DNA Responsible for family resemblance. Made up of information-rich molecules called DNA.  Gene Chromosomes DNA DNA The molecule that carries genetic information for an organism to develop, survive, and reproduce. made of two linked strands that wind around each other to resemble a twisted ladder — a shape known as a double helix  Gene Chromosomes Chromosome DNA Thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of a cell. Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) energy and life Living organisms use a source of energy for their metabolic activities. Structure and function An organism’s structure fits with its function. Bats navigate and find its prey using echolocation. They produce sound waves at frequencies above human hearing, called ultrasound. The sound waves emitted by bats bounce off objects in their environment. Then, the sounds return to the bats' ears, which are finely tuned to recognize their own unique calls. interaction with the environment As part of an ecosystem, each organism interacts continuously with their environment in order to survive. Venus flytrap regulation Ability of an organism to keep Homeostasis is any self-regulating their inner conditions steady as process by which an organism outer conditions change - an tends to maintain stability while example of homeostasis. adjusting to conditions that are best for its survival. adaptation Living organisms survive depending on how one will adapt to its changing environment. evolution The process of gradual & progressive change in the charactersitics of organisms over many generations. It reflects the adaptations of organisms to their changing environments Evolution explains the unity & diversity of life. alfred wallace Wallace traveled the world, observing and collecting samples of species. He traveled to Brazil and various islands of the Malay Archipelago that make up modern-day Indonesia and the Philippines, where he collected thousands of specimens of insects, birds, and other animals. alfred wallace His observations led him to the conclusion that living things change over long periods of time, they evolve by adapting to their environment. He knew Darwin was working on similar research. In 1858, he sent Darwin a letter outlining his ideas about evolution. The two collaborated on a scientific paper, discussing their evidence for natural selection and evolution. charles darwin He suggested that animals and humans shared a common ancestry. He also developed the idea of natural selection after a five-year voyage to study plants, animals, and fossils in South America and on islands in the Pacific.  natural selection The process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change. Individuals in a population are naturally variable, meaning that they are all different in some ways. This variation means that some individuals have traits better suited to the environment than others. Individuals with adaptive traits give them some advantage and are more likely to survive and reproduce. These individuals then pass the adaptive traits on to their offspring. Over time, these advantageous traits become more common in the population. biology & society The field of science is changing the lives of all organisms through research. vaccines medications technologies GMOs