PPGC Week 4 (1) PDF - Philippine Politics, Government & Citizenship

PHILIPPINE POLITICS, PPGC GOVERNMENT & CITIZENSHIP  THE GOVERNMENT Week 4  AGENDA CLASSIFICATIONS POLITICAL OF GOVERNMENTS IDEOLOGIES  ABSOLUTE MONARCHY...

PHILIPPINE POLITICS, PPGC GOVERNMENT & CITIZENSHIP  THE GOVERNMENT Week 4  AGENDA CLASSIFICATIONS POLITICAL OF GOVERNMENTS IDEOLOGIES  ABSOLUTE MONARCHY a government in A. AS TO THE NUMBER OF PERSONS which the ruler rules EXERCISING SOVEREIGN POWER by divine right. 1. Monarchy is a form of government in which supreme LIMITED MONARCHY and final authority is in the a government in which hands of a single person. the ruler rules in accordance with the Constitution.  TYRANNY DICTATORSHIP an autocratic form of rule an authoritarian type of in which one individual government where there is exercises power without absolute control by one any legal restraint. person. 2. Aristocracy is a form of government in which political In an oligarchy, a small group of power is exercised by a few people has all the privileged classes, which are power in the known as the aristocracy or government. oligarchy.  DIRECT/PURE DEMOCRACY a government in which the will of the state is formulated or expressed directly and immediately through the people in a mass meeting or 3. Democracy is a primary assembly. government in which political power is exercised INDIRECT/REPUBLICAN by a majority of the people. a government in which the will of the state is formulated and expressed through a relatively small and select body of persons chosen by the people to act as their representatives.  B. AS TO THE EXTENT OF POWERS EXERCISED BY THE CENTRAL OR NATIONAL GOVERNMENT UNITARY GOVERNMENT FEDERAL GOVERNMENT a government in which the a government in which the control of national and local powers of government are affairs is exercised by the divided between the national central or national and local governments. government.  C. AS TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENT PRESIDENTIAL GOVERNMENT a government in which the state confers FEDERAL GOVERNMENT a government in which the state makes upon the legislature the power to the executive constitutionally independent terminate the tenure of the real executive. of the legislature as regards tenure to a Legislatures, called parliaments, operate large extent. The executive branch is led under a parliamentary system of by a president who serves as both head government in which the executive is of state and head of government. In such constitutionally answerable to the a system, this branch exists separately parliament. Parliaments usually consist of from the legislature, for which it is not chambers or houses and are usually either responsible and which it cannot, in normal bicameral or unicameral. circumstances, dismiss. It is a comprehensive set of normative beliefs, conscious and unconscious ideas, that an individual, group, or society has. IDEOLOGY GOVERNMENT QUESTION Ideology is a comprehensive set of normative beliefs, conscious and unconscious ideas, that an individual, group, or society has. IDEOLOGY ANSWER  Political ideologies can be proposed by the dominant class of society, such as the elite, to all members of society. IDEOLOGY In societies that distinguish between public and private life, every political or economic tendency entails ideology, whether or not it is propounded as an explicit system of thought.  LEFT AND RIGHT WING LEFT RIGHT The left-wing ideology typically The right-wing ideology primarily champions ideals of equality, social champions social conservatism, justice, and collective limited government, and free- responsibility, advocating for market economics, asserting the government intervention to importance of personal address societal inequalities and to responsibility and traditional provide public services. values.  POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES COMMUNISM SOCIALISM LIBERALISM CONSERVATISM FASCISM left and right wing  COMMUNISM In a communist society, there is no central government. In a communist society, A communist society is one in which the means the central plan of production are owned by the community as a economy is the whole, and the distribution of goods and dominant mode of services is based on need rather than profit. production. This means It is also an egalitarian society in which there is that the means of no place for inequality. production are owned There is no such thing as private property. The and controlled by the state owns all property and the means of state, rather than by production and controls the economy. individual capitalists. The state centralized economic planning and decision-making.  SOCIALISM Socialists take into account both individual needs and Socialism is an greater social needs. They allocate resources using central planning, as in a economic system in command economy. which the factors of Everyone in society receives a share of the production production are valued based on how much they have contributed, and the in relation to their system motivates them to work long hours if they want usefulness to people. to receive more. Workers receive their share of production after a percentage has been deducted for the common good. The mantra of socialism Human beings are social by nature, and society should is, "From each respect this. Individualism is poisonous. according to his ability, Society, not individuals, should own the property. to each according to his The government plans the economy; there is no free contribution." market. All citizens have roughly the same level of prosperity.  LIBERALISM Individuals take priority over society. Individuals have the right to make choices for a political and social themselves. philosophy that No person is morally or politically superior to others. Hierarchies are rejected. promotes individual Humans are capable of thinking logically and rights, civil liberties, rationally. Logic and reason helps to solve problems. democracy, and Traditions should not be kept unless they have free enterprise. value. New ideas are helpful because they can lead to progress in the sciences, the economy, and society. Liberalism and capitalism go hand in hand. Liberals like the free market because it easily creates more wealth.  CONSERVATISM Stability is a precious thing, and change must Conservatism is a be made gradually in order to preserve it. political ideology or Undermining stability is very dangerous doctrine that because societies can easily fall into chaos and emphasizes the value violence. Liberalism is too abstract. It focuses on of traditional freedom and equality, not on the concrete way institutions and people live every day, which is the focus of practices. It is a conservatism. preference for the Humans are frequently ignorant, prejudiced, historically inherited and irrational. rather than the There is no universal answer to the problems of abstract and ideal. society; the circumstances are unique in each country.  FASCISM Fascist regimes are characterized by a strong central authority led by a single charismatic leader who holds significant power and often seeks to A way of organizing a concentrate power in their hands. society in which a Individual freedoms and civil liberties are often government ruled by a restricted in the name of national unity and dictator controls the strength. lives of the people and Fascist regimes cultivate images of their leaders as in which people are not great figures to be loved and admired, often allowed to disagree through mass media and propaganda. with the government. Fascist governments are anti-democratic, leave little room for dissent, and strive to centralize power. This ideology stands in contrast to liberal democracies.  POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES COMMUNISM SOCIALISM LIBERALISM CONSERVATISM FASCISM left and right wing  The best form of government is that which is most likely to prevent the greatest sum of evil. James Monroe