PPE Lecture PDF

Guidance for the Selection and Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in Healthcare Settings by Heba Rashed PPE Use in Healthcare Settings: Goal Improve Personnel Safety Reduce Occupational Risks Promote Compliance and Best Practices  What is PPE Personal protective equ...

Guidance for the Selection and Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in Healthcare Settings by Heba Rashed PPE Use in Healthcare Settings: Goal Improve Personnel Safety Reduce Occupational Risks Promote Compliance and Best Practices  What is PPE Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to specialized clothing, equipment, and accessories worn by employees for protection against infectious materials. PPE is designed to create a barrier between the user and potential hazards.  PPE in Healthcare In healthcare settings, PPE is essential for protecting staff and patients from the spread of infectious diseases Healthcare workers must wear appropriate PPE when in contact with patients or handling contaminated materials to reduce the risk of exposure. Types of PPE Used in Healthcare Settings Gloves Gloves are a crucial form of PPE that protect the hands from exposure to hazardous materials, contaminated surfaces, and infectious agents. They form a barrier to prevent the transfer of microorganisms and substances from the hands to the patient or environment.  Gowns and Aprons Gowns and aprons protect the skin and clothing of healthcare workers from becoming contaminated. They are typically made of fluid-resistant material and cover the torso and arms, shielding against splashes and sprays of blood or body fluids.  Masks and Respirators Masks and respirators protect the mouth and nose, preventing the spread of respiratory droplets that may contain infectious agents. Respirators, in particular, filter out airborne particles and provide a higher level of protection against airborne infections.  Eye and Face Protection Goggles and face shields safeguard the eyes, face, mouth, and nose from exposure to splashes, sprays, and airborne particles. They create a physical barrier to prevent direct contact with potentially infectious materials. Factors Influencing PPE Selection Type of Exposure Durability and Suitability Fit  Gloves Purpose Gloves are worn during patient care, environmental services, and other tasks to provide a barrier and protect the wearer's hands from exposure to infectious materials, chemicals, or other hazards.  Gloves Sterile vs. Non-sterile Gloves may be sterile or non-sterile depending on the specific task. Sterile gloves are required for surgical procedures, while non-sterile gloves are typically used for other patient care activities. Glove Materials Common glove materials used in healthcare settings include vinyl, latex, and nitrile. The choice of material depends on factors like cost, durability, and potential allergies. Do's and Don'ts of Glove Use Work from "Clean to Dirty" Always start with clean gloves and work from clean to dirty areas. Avoid Touch Contamination Refrain from touching your face, adjusting PPE, or contacting environmental surfaces with contaminated gloves. Focus on Patient Care Limit glove use to only what is necessary during patient care activities.  Do's and Don'ts of Glove Use (cont'd) Do Don't 1. Change gloves if they become torn or heavily soiled, even during use on 1.Never wash or reuse disposable the same patient. gloves. Discard them in the appropriate waste receptacle after use. 2. Change gloves after use on each patient to prevent cross- contamination.  Gowns or Aprons Purpose of Use Gowns and aprons in healthcare settings are worn to protect the wearer's body and clothing from contamination with blood, body fluids, and other potentially infectious materials. Material Considerations Gowns and aprons can be made from natural or synthetic materials, and can be reusable or disposable. Key factors are the material's resistance to fluid penetration, as well as whether the item is clean or sterile for the intended use  Proper Use in Healthcare Proper donning, use, and removal of these PPE items is crucial to maintaining worker and patient safety  Face Protection Masks Masks are essential for protecting the nose and mouth from fluid penetration. They should fully cover these areas and create a seal to prevent the spread of infectious particles. Goggles Goggles are used to protect the eyes from splashes, sprays, and other hazards. They should fit snugly around the eyes to create a barrier. Personal glasses do not provide adequate eye protection and should not be used as a substitute for goggles. Face Protection Face Shields Proper Fit Cleaning and Reuse Face shields are a critical piece of Face shields must be properly Face shields can often be cleaned personal protective equipment fitted to provide adequate and reused, following the (PPE) that protect the face, coverage and protection. They manufacturer's instructions. This including the eyes, nose, and should fit securely on the head helps conserve supplies during mouth, from exposure to splashes, and not interfere with the user's times of shortages. Proper sprays, and respiratory droplets. vision or movement. Adjustable cleaning and disinfection protocols They should cover the forehead, straps or bands can help ensure a should be followed to ensure the extend below the chin, and wrap comfortable and secure fit. shield remains effective and safe around the sides of the face. for repeated use. Respiratory Protection 1 Purpose 2 Types of Respiratory protection is Respiratory PPE essential to protect The main types of healthcare workers from respiratory PPE used in inhalation of infectious healthcare settings include aerosols, such as those particulate respirators, half- containing or full-face elastomeric Mycobacterium respirators, and powered air tuberculosis. purifying respirators (PAPRs). 3 Respiratory PPE in Healthcare The selection and use of respiratory PPE is critical to ensure the safety of healthcare workers when treating patients with airborne infectious diseases. Respiratory Protection Program Medical Evaluation Fit Testing Healthcare workers using Proper fit is essential for respirators must undergo a respirators to function effectively. medical evaluation to ensure Fit testing helps determine the they are physically able to use right size and model of respirator the equipment without risk to for each individual user, ensuring their health. This includes a tight seal and maximum assessing any pre-existing protection. conditions that could be exacerbated by respirator use. Training Users must be trained on the proper use, limitations, and maintenance of their respirators. This includes instruction on how to perform user seal checks before each use to ensure a proper fit. How to Safely Don, Use, and Remove PPE Proper donning, use, and removal of personal protective equipment (PPE) is critical for protecting healthcare workers and preventing the spread of infection. Follow these steps to ensure PPE is used effectively and safely. Key Points About PPE Don Before Patient Contact Remove Carefully to Avoid Perform Hand Hygiene PPE should be donned before entering Contamination Immediately the patient's room or area to prevent the When the PPE is no longer needed, it After removing PPE, healthcare workers spread of contaminants. Carefully should be removed and discarded at the must immediately perform hand putting on the appropriate PPE creates a doorway or immediately outside the hygiene, either by washing with soap protective barrier between the patient's room. This helps prevent the and water or using an alcohol-based healthcare worker and potential spread of any contaminants that may hand rub. This critical step helps prevent infectious materials. have collected on the PPE during use. the transfer of any pathogens that may have been on the PPE. Sequence for Donning PPE Gown First 1 When donning personal protective equipment (PPE), it is important to start with the gown. This will help create a barrier and prevent contamination of your 2 Mask or Respirator clothing and skin during the donning process. Next, you should put on your mask or respirator. This will protect your nose and mouth from exposure to any potential airborne pathogens or splashes. Goggles or Face Shield 3 After the mask or respirator, you should don your eye protection, such as goggles or a face shield. This will safeguard your eyes from any splashes or sprays that Gloves Last 4 could contain infectious materials. Lastly, you should put on your gloves. Gloves create a barrier to protect your hands and prevent the spread of any contaminants from your hands to other parts of your body or the environment. How to Don a Gown TO properly don a gown, first select the appropriate type and size. The opening should be in the back. Secure the gown at the neck and waist to ensure it fully covers your torso. If the gown is too small, use two gowns - one that ties in the front and another that ties in the back. Putting on a gown correctly is an important step in donning personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in healthcare settings. The gown protects your clothes and skin from contamination when providing patient care.  How to Don a Mask Properly donning a face mask is crucial for effective protection against airborne pathogens. Begin by placing the mask over your nose, mouth, and chin, ensuring it fits snugly. Next, secure the mask on your head using the ties or elastic bands. Finally, adjust the flexible nose piece to contour the bridge of your nose, creating a tight seal. How to Don a Particulate Respirator Properly donning a particulate respirator is crucial for ensuring adequate protection. First, select a respirator that has been properly fit-tested for your face. Place the respirator over your nose, mouth, and chin, ensuring the flexible nose piece is firmly fitted over the bridge of your nose. Secure the respirator in place by looping the elastic straps over the back of your head. Adjust the fit to create a tight seal around your face. Finally, perform a user seal check by inhaling and ensuring the respirator collapses, then exhaling and checking for any leaks around the edges. How to Don Eye and Face Protection Proper donning of eye and face protection is crucial to safeguarding healthcare workers from exposure to splashes, sprays, and airborne contaminants. First, position the goggles over your eyes and secure them to your head using the earpieces or headband. Then, place the face shield over your face and secure it on your brow with the headband, adjusting it to fit comfortably. Correctly putting on eye and face protection helps create an effective barrier to keep you safe during patient interactions and procedures. Taking the time to ensure a proper fit is an important step in your personal protective equipment (PPE) routine.  How to Don Gloves Proper donning of gloves is a critical step in personal protective equipment (PPE) use. First, select the correct glove type and size to ensure a snug, comfortable fit. Then, insert your hands into the gloves, making sure to extend the gloves over the cuffs of your isolation gown. This creates a continuous barrier to protect your hands and arms from contamination. Donning gloves last in the PPE sequence helps maintain the integrity of the other PPE elements. Following these simple steps ensures your gloves provide the necessary protection when caring for patients in a healthcare setting. How to Safely Remove PPE Proper removal of personal protective equipment (PPE) is crucial to avoid self-contamination and the spread of pathogens. Follow these step-by-step instructions to safely take off your PPE after caring for a patient or working in a contaminated area. Contaminated and Clean Areas of PPE Contaminated Areas Clean Areas Importance of Awareness The outside front of PPE is The inside, outside back, and tie Understanding the contaminated considered the "contaminated" areas of the PPE are considered and clean areas of PPE is crucial area, as it has likely been in the "clean" areas. These are the for healthcare workers to contact with body fluids, parts of the PPE that are not properly don, use, and remove materials, or environmental likely to have been in contact their protective equipment surfaces where infectious with infectious agents and can without inadvertently spreading organisms may reside. This is be handled more safely during pathogens from the the area that healthcare workers donning, use, and removal. contaminated areas to clean must handle with the utmost surfaces or their own skin and care to prevent the spread of clothing. pathogens. Sequence for Removing PPE Remove Gloves Start by removing your gloves first, being careful not to contaminate your hands. Grasp the outside of one glove at the wrist and peel it off, allowing it to turn inside out as you remove it. Repeat with the other hand. Remove Face Shield or Goggles Next, remove your face shield or goggles. Grasp the sides or back of the eye protection and gently lift it away from your face, avoiding touching the front surface which may be contaminated. Remove Gown Untie the gown strings or unfasten the closures, and peel the gown away from your body, rolling it inside-out as you remove it. Avoid touching the outer surface, which may be contaminated. Remove Mask or Respirator Finally, remove your mask or respirator. Grasp the ties or elastic bands at the back of your head and gently lift the mask or respirator away from your face, avoiding touching the front surface. Where to Remove PPE Patient Room Remove personal protective equipment (PPE) at the doorway, before leaving the patient's room. This helps prevent contamination from spreading outside the room. Anteroom If available, remove PPE in the anteroom, a small room between the patient's room and the hallway. This provides a designated area to safely take off contaminated equipment. Hand Hygiene Make sure hand hygiene facilities like sinks or alcohol-based hand rubs are available at the point where you remove PPE. This allows you to clean your hands immediately after taking off contaminated items. How to Remove Gloves (1) Removing gloves properly is crucial to prevent the spread of germs and contamination. Follow these steps: 1. Grasp the outside edge of the glove near the wrist. 2. Peel the glove away from your hand, turning it inside-out as you remove it. 3. Hold the removed glove in your other gloved hand. How to Remove Gloves (2) To continue removing your gloves safely, slide an ungloved finger under the wrist of the remaining glove. Gently peel the glove off by pulling it inside-out, creating a bag to contain both gloves. Discard the gloves properly in a designated waste container. This technique helps minimize contact with the contaminated outer surface of the gloves, reducing the risk of spreading germs to your hands or the environment. Remove Goggles or Face Shield To safely remove goggles or a face shield, first grasp the ear or head pieces with your ungloved hands. Gently lift the eye protection away from your face, taking care not to touch the front surface which may be contaminated. Place the used goggles or face shield in the designated receptacle for reprocessing or disposal. This step is crucial to avoid transferring any contaminants from the used PPE to your eyes, face, or hands. Proper removal technique helps prevent self-contamination and the spread of infectious agents. Removing Isolation Gown Step 1: Unfasten TiesStep 2: Peel Away Step 3: Fold or Step 4: Discard Gown Gown Roll Gown Begin the removal process Carefully discard the rolled- by unfastening the ties or Slowly peel the gown away Once the gown is removed, up or folded gown in the fasteners on the isolation from your neck and fold or roll it into a bundle, appropriate waste gown. This will allow you to shoulders, ensuring the keeping the contaminated container, following your peel the gown away from contaminated outside of outside inward. This will healthcare facility's your body safely. the gown is turned inward help contain any potential protocols for handling to avoid spreading any contaminants and prevent contaminated waste. potential contaminants. the spread of germs. Removing a Mask To safely remove a face mask, start by untying the bottom tie, then the top tie. Gently lift the mask away from your face, avoiding touching the front of the mask which may be contaminated. Discard the used mask properly in a designated waste container. Removing a Particulate Respirator When removing a particulate respirator, it's important to do so carefully to avoid contamination. First, lift the bottom elastic strap over your head, then lift off the top elastic strap. Discard the used respirator properly in a designated waste container. Proper removal technique helps prevent the spread of harmful particles that may have been captured by the respirator during use. THANK YOU