Political Philosophies Quiz PDF
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Summary
This document outlines various perspectives on political philosophy through the eyes of historical figures such as Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, and Montesquieu, providing diverse views on the nature of humanity, the concept of the state of nature, and differing approaches to government.
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1. Machiavelli ("The Ends Justify the Means") Nature of Man: People are selfish and greedy. Life in the State of Nature: People are evil unless forced to do good. Why Form Governments?: To protect the state, manage resources, and control people. Best Type of Government: Mona...
1. Machiavelli ("The Ends Justify the Means") Nature of Man: People are selfish and greedy. Life in the State of Nature: People are evil unless forced to do good. Why Form Governments?: To protect the state, manage resources, and control people. Best Type of Government: Monarchy (a prince leading). Purpose of Government: Protect the nation and its holdings by any means. 2. Hobbes ("Life is Nasty, Brutish, and Short") Nature of Man: People are inherently evil and selfish. Life in the State of Nature: Violent and chaotic. Why Form Governments?: To keep us out of the state of nature. Best Type of Government: Absolute monarchy. Purpose of Government: Enforce laws, secure peace, and provide social contracts. 3. Locke ("For the mutual preservation of our lives, liberties, and estates") Nature of Man: People tend to be peaceful. Life in the State of Nature: Peaceful but with the risk of violence. Why Form Governments?: To protect natural rights like life, liberty, and property. Best Type of Government: Representative democracy. Purpose of Government: Protect people's natural rights and ensure property rights. 4. Rousseau ("Man is Born Free, and Everywhere He is in Chains") Nature of Man: Man is peaceful and society corrupts him. Life in the State of Nature: Total peace (although it never existed). Why Form Governments?: To allow people to exercise their general will for the common good. Best Type of Government: Direct democracy. Purpose of Government: Enable people to make laws for the public good. 5. Montesquieu ("…as man enters into a state of society, then commences a state of war.") Nature of Man: Timid and fearful, but society turns people violent. Life in the State of Nature: People avoided conflict out of fear. Why Form Governments?: To stop conflicts and establish laws. Best Type of Government: Parliamentary democracy with separation of powers. Purpose of Government: Maintain law and order, protect liberty, and safeguard individual rights.
