Political Parties & Elections

Political Parties & Elections  Why should you join a political party? Functions of Political Parties Functions of Political Parties Political Socialization Functions of Political Parties Political Socialization Choosing Leaders Functions of Political Parties Political Socialization...

Political Parties & Elections  Why should you join a political party? Functions of Political Parties Functions of Political Parties Political Socialization Functions of Political Parties Political Socialization Choosing Leaders Functions of Political Parties Political Socialization Choosing Leaders Interest Aggregation Functions of Political Parties Political Socialization Choosing Leaders Interest Aggregation Interest Articulation Functions of Political Parties Political Socialization Choosing Leaders Interest Aggregation Interest Articulation Formulate and Enact Policy Historical Basis of Party Formation  Historical Basis of Party Formation Cadre Party – “A loosely organized party usually established by members of a legislative body with the support of local notables”  Historical Basis of Party Formation Cadre Party – “A loosely organized party usually established by members of a legislative body with the support of local notables” – Important Features Limited extra-parliamentary structure  Historical Basis of Party Formation Cadre Party – “A loosely organized party usually established by members of a legislative body with the support of local notables” – Important Features Limited extra-parliamentary structure Role of powerful, wealthy elites  Historical Basis of Party Formation Mass Party – “A party that draws its support from a regular dues-paying membership and features a strong party organization outside of the legislature”  Historical Basis of Party Formation Mass Party – “A party that draws its support from a regular dues-paying membership and features a strong party organization outside of the legislature” – Important Features Structure  Historical Basis of Party Formation Mass Party – “A party that draws its support from a regular dues-paying membership and features a strong party organization outside of the legislature” – Important Features Structure Party Conventions  Historical Basis of Party Formation Mass Party – “A party that draws its support from a regular dues-paying membership and features a strong party organization outside of the legislature” – Important Features Structure Party Conventions Socialization and Education  Historical Basis of Party Formation Mass Party – “A party that draws its support from a regular dues-paying membership and features a strong party organization outside of the legislature” – Important Features Structure Party Conventions Socialization and Education Message Management Political Parties & Social Cleavages  Political Parties & Social Cleavages Cleavages (Lipset & Rokkan)  Political Parties & Social Cleavages Cleavages (Lipset & Rokkan) – Development of the Modern State  Political Parties & Social Cleavages Cleavages (Lipset & Rokkan) – Development of the Modern State National culture v. regional/minority cultures  Political Parties & Social Cleavages Cleavages (Lipset & Rokkan) – Development of the Modern State National culture v. regional/minority cultures Elites: Government v. Church  Political Parties & Social Cleavages Cleavages (Lipset & Rokkan) – Development of the Modern State National culture v. regional/minority cultures Elites: Government v. Church – Industrial Revolution  Political Parties & Social Cleavages Cleavages (Lipset & Rokkan) – Development of the Modern State National culture v. regional/minority cultures Elites: Government v. Church – Industrial Revolution Agricultural interests v. Industrial interests  Political Parties & Social Cleavages Cleavages (Lipset & Rokkan) – Development of the Modern State National culture v. regional/minority cultures Elites: Government v. Church – Industrial Revolution Agricultural interests v. Industrial interests Industrial interests v. Labour interests  Political Parties & Social Cleavages Cleavages (Lipset & Rokkan) – Development of the Modern State National culture v. regional/minority cultures Elites: Government v. Church – Industrial Revolution Agricultural interests v. Industrial interests Industrial interests v. Labour interests – Ideology  Political Parties & Social Cleavages Cleavages (Lipset & Rokkan) – Development of the Modern State National culture v. regional/minority cultures Elites: Government v. Church – Industrial Revolution Agricultural interests v. Industrial interests Industrial interests v. Labour interests – Ideology Social Democrats v. Conservative/Christian Democrats  Political Parties & Social Cleavages Cleavages (Lipset & Rokkan) – Development of the Modern State National culture v. regional/minority cultures Elites: Government v. Church – Industrial Revolution Agricultural interests v. Industrial interests Industrial interests v. Labour interests – Ideology Social Democrats v. Conservative/Christian Democrats – Emerging Political Issues?  Contemporary Political Parties The move to Electoral-Professional parties – “A political party whose dominant concern is winning elections and that relies on professional experts to market the party to voters”  Contemporary Political Parties The move to Electoral-Professional parties – “A political party whose dominant concern is winning elections and that relies on professional experts to market the party to voters” Characteristics: – Massive mobilization efforts  Contemporary Political Parties The move to Electoral-Professional parties – “A political party whose dominant concern is winning elections and that relies on professional experts to market the party to voters” Characteristics: – Massive mobilization efforts – Watered-down ideology  Contemporary Political Parties The move to Electoral-Professional parties – “A political party whose dominant concern is winning elections and that relies on professional experts to market the party to voters” Characteristics: – Massive mobilization efforts – Watered-down ideology – Shifting platforms  Contemporary Political Parties The move to Electoral-Professional parties – “A political party whose dominant concern is winning elections and that relies on professional experts to market the party to voters” Characteristics: – Massive mobilization efforts – Watered-down ideology – Shifting platforms Consequences:  Contemporary Political Parties The move to Electoral-Professional parties – “A political party whose dominant concern is winning elections and that relies on professional experts to market the party to voters” Characteristics: – Massive mobilization efforts – Watered-down ideology – Shifting platforms Consequences: Cynicism?  Contemporary Political Parties The move to Electoral-Professional parties – “A political party whose dominant concern is winning elections and that relies on professional experts to market the party to voters” Characteristics: – Massive mobilization efforts – Watered-down ideology – Shifting platforms Consequences: Cynicism? New Alternatives? Main Party Types  Main Party Types Brokerage Parties Programmatic Parties Personalistic Parties  Main Party Types Brokerage Parties – “A party that attempts to find compromises to accommodate a variety of interests (particularly regional and ethnic/cultural divisions) so as to try to build broad support across the country in a non-ideological manner”  Main Party Types Programmatic Parties – “A party that has a distinct ideological perspective or a coherent set of policy goals that are consistently followed over time”  Main Party Types Personalistic Parties – “A party dominated by a powerful leader combined with a weak party organization that follows the wishes of the leader” Elections  Elections Meaningful Elections  Elections Meaningful Elections – “Real” power for winners  Elections Meaningful Elections – “Real” power for winners – Competition  Elections Meaningful Elections – “Real” power for winners – Competition – Secret Ballot  Elections Meaningful Elections – “Real” power for winners – Competition – Secret Ballot – Standing for Election  Elections Meaningful Elections – “Real” power for winners – Competition – Secret Ballot – Standing for Election – Universal Suffrage  Elections Meaningful Elections – “Real” power for winners – Competition – Secret Ballot – Standing for Election – Universal Suffrage – Access to Information  Elections Meaningful Elections – “Real” power for winners – Competition – Secret Ballot – Standing for Election – Universal Suffrage – Access to Information – “Fair” Elections  Gerrymandering “The manipulation of the division of the country into electoral districts so as to benefit a particular party.”  Elections Meaningful Elections – “Real” power for winners – Competition – Secret Ballot – Standing for Election – Universal Suffrage – Access to Information – “Fair” Elections – Regular Elections Electoral Systems  Electoral Systems Single-Member Plurality (SMP) System Kamouraska-Riviere-du-Loup (2015) Party Vote % Conservative 28.99 NDP 24.20 Liberal 28.43 BQ 16.12 Green 1.67 Rhinoceros 0.58  Federal Results (1993) Party % of Vote % of Seats (# of seats) Liberal 41.24 60% (177) Reform 18.69 18% (52) PC 16.04 < 1% (2) BQ 13.52 18% (54) NDP 6.88 3% (9)  Electoral Systems Single-Member Plurality (SMP) System Preferential Ballot Preferential Ballot (need 50% +1) CANDIDATE RANK Berry Chang Monias Singh Preferential Ballot (need 50% +1) CANDIDATE RANK Berry 4 Chang 1 Monias 3 Singh 2 Preferential Ballot (need 50% +1) Berry Chang Monia s Singh Preferential Ballot (need 50% +1) Total 1st choice s Berry 25 Chang 30 Monia 35 s Singh 10 Preferential Ballot (need 50% +1) Total Add 2nd choice 1st from lowest choice (Singh) s Berry 25 Chang 30 Monia 35 s Singh 10 -> Preferential Ballot (need 50% +1) Total Add 2nd choice 1st from lowest choice (Singh) s Berry 25 25 + 5 = 30 Chang 30 30 + 4 = 34 Monia 35 35 + 1 = 36 s Singh 10 -> Preferential Ballot (need 50% +1) Total Add 2nd choice Add 2nd choice 1st from lowest from lowest choice (Singh) (Berry) s Berry 25 25 + 5 = 30 -> Chang 30 30 + 4 = 34 Monia 35 35 + 1 = 36 s Singh 10 Preferential Ballot (need 50% +1) Total Add 2nd choice Add 2nd choice 1st from lowest from lowest choice (Singh) (Berry) s Berry 25 25 + 5 = 30 Chang 30 30 + 4 = 34 34 + 15 = 49 Monia 35 35 + 1 = 36 36 + 15 = 51 s Singh 10  Electoral Systems Single-Member Plurality (SMP) System Preferential Ballot Proportional Representation (PR) System Election Campaigns  Election Campaigns Pre-modern  Election Campaigns Pre-modern Modern  Election Campaigns Pre-modern Modern Postmodern