Poetry Notes - Manila Science High School 2016 PDF

POETRY Sentasas Zulueta Grade 7- Fermi Manila Science High School 2016 WHAT IS POETRY? po·et·r literary work in which special intensity is given to the expression of feelings y and ideas by the use of distinctive style...

POETRY Sentasas Zulueta Grade 7- Fermi Manila Science High School 2016 WHAT IS POETRY? po·et·r literary work in which special intensity is given to the expression of feelings y and ideas by the use of distinctive style and rhythm; poems collectively or as a genre of literature. (Oxford [ˈpōətrē] Dictionaries) literature that evokes a concentrated Noun imaginative awareness of experience or a specific emotional response through language chosen and arranged for its meaning, sound, and rhythm. (Britannica.com) po·et·r The language of imagination expressed in verse. (Webster’s y Dictionary) It can be defined as ‘literature in [ˈpōətrē] metrical form’ or a ‘compostition Noun forming rhythmic lines’. A poem follows a particular flow of rhythm and meter. po·et·r Compared to prose, where there is no such restriction, and the y content of a piece flows according to story, a poem may or may not [ˈpōətrē] have a story, but definitely has a Noun structured method of writing. ELEMENTS OF POETRY Elements of Elements of poetry can be defined poetry as a set of instruments used to create a poem. Many of these were created thousands of years ago and have been linked to ancient story tellings. They help bring imagery and emotion to poetry, stories, and dramas. Stanza A unit of lines grouped together. Similar to a paragraph in prose. A Stanza consists of two or more lines of poetry that together form one of the divisions of a poem. The stanzas of a poem are usually of the same length and follow the same pattern of meter and rhyme and are used like paragraphs in a story. Stanza Some different types of stanzas are as follows: Couplets- stanzas of only two lines which usually rhyme. Whether or not we find what we are seeking is idle, biologically speaking. — Edna St. Vincent Millay (at the end of a sonnet) Stanza Tercets - stanzas of three lines. The three lines may or may not have the same end rhyme. If all three lines rhyme, this type of tercet is called a triplet. Quatrain- stanzas of four lines which can be written in any rhyme scheme. Come, fill the Cup, and in the fire of Spring Your Winter garment of Repentance fling: The Bird of Time has but a little way To flutter--and the Bird is on the Wing.  *Rhyme The pattern in which end rhyme occurs. Scheme Rhymes are types of poems which have the the repetition of the same or similar sounds at the end of two or more words most often at the ends of lines. Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall, Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. All the King's horses, And all the This technique makes the poem easy to King's men remember and is therefore often used Couldn't put Humpty together again! in Nursery Rhymes.  Stanza  Types of Quatrains The sense of danger must not disappear: a – Alternating Quatrain- a four line The way is certainly both short and steep, b stanza rhyming "abab." From W.H. However gradual it looks from here; a Auden's "Leap Before You Look“ Look if you like, but you will have to leap. b The worried efforts of the busy heap, a – Envelope Stanza- a quatrain with the The dirt, the imprecision, and the beer b rhyme scheme "abba", such that lines Produce a few smart wisecracks every year; b Laugh if you can, but you will have to leap. a 2 and 3 are enclosed between the rhymes of lines 1 and 4. Two of these stanzas make up the Italian Octave used in the Italian sonnet. This is from Auden's "Look Before You Leap" Rhythm The pattern of beats or stresses in a poem. Poets use patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables to create a regular rhythm. She was a child and I was a child, In this kingdom by the sea; But we loved with a love that was more than love – I and my Annabel Lee; Rhyme The repetition of the same or similar sounds,usually in stressed syllables at the ends of lines, but sometimes within a line. There are strange things done in the midnight sun By the men who moil for gold; Alliteratio n The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words. Peter Piper pick a peck of pickled peppers. Onomatopoeia Words that are used to represent particular sounds. Crash Boom Bang Zip Imagery Representation of the five senses: sight, taste, touch, sound, and smell. Creates mental images about a poem’s subject Imagery Visual imagery: visual descriptions so vivid they seem to come to life in the reader's mind's when they are read, as in the description of a very old fish in Elizabeth Bishop's poem titled "The Fish": Here and there his brown skin hung in strips like ancient wall-paper, and its pattern of darker brown was like wall-paper: shapes like full-blown roses strained and lost through age Imagery Auditory imagery: descriptions of sound so vivid the reader seems almost to hear them while reading the poem. For example, Alexander Pope contrasts the gentle sounds of a whispering wind and a soft-running stream with the harsher sound of waves crashing on the shore in "Sound and Sense": The sound must seem an echo to the sense: Soft is the strain when Zephyr gently bows, And the smooth stream in smoother numbers flow; But when the loud surges lash the sounding shore, The hoarse, rough verse should like the torrent roar. (365-69) Imagery Images of smell (olfactory imagery): descriptions of smells so vivid they seem almost to stimulate the reader's own sense of smell while reading, as in the poem, "Root Cellar," by Theodore Roethke: And what a congress of stinks!— Roots ripe as old bait, Pulpy stems, rank, silo-rich, Leaf-mold, manure, lime, piled against slippery planks. Nothing would give up life: Even the dirt kept breathing a small breath. (5- 11)  Imagery Tactile or "physical" imagery: descriptions conveying a strong, vivid My instep arch not only keeps the ache, sense of touch or physical sensation It keeps the pressure of a ladder-round. I feel the ladder sway as the boughs bend" (21-23). that the reader can almost feel himself or herself while reading, as in Robert The word plum is delicious Frost's description of standing on a ladder in "After Apple Picking“. Or in pout and push, luxury of self-love, and savoring murmur the sensation of touch (and possibly full in the mouth and falling taste) in the fourth stanza of Helen like fruit Chasin's poem, "The Word Plum": taut skin pierced, bitten, provoked into juice, and tart flesh. (1-8). Figures of Figures of speech are a special Speech kind of imagery. They create pictures by making comparisons. Simile A comparison using like or as. Talk of your cold! through the parka’s fold it stabbed like a driven nail. Metaphor Describes one thing as if it were another. The moon was a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas. Personification Gives human characteristics to something non-human. …and the stars o’erhead were dancing heel and toe… Tone or refers to the writer's attitude towards Mood the subject of a literary work as indicated in the work itself. One way to think about tone in poetry is to consider the speaker's literal "tone of voice": just as with tone of voice, a poem's tone may indicate an attitude of joy, sadness, solemnity, silliness, frustration, anger, puzzlement, etc. Refrain The repetition of one or more phrases or lines at certain intervals, usually at the end of each stanza. Similar to the chorus in a song. The word 'Refrain' derives from the Old French word refraindre meaning to repeat. Repetition A word or phrase repeated within a line or stanza. Sometimes, repetition reinforces or even substitutes for meter (the beat), the other chief controlling factor of poetry. Theme The theme of the poem talks about the central idea, the thought behind what the poet wants to convey. A theme can be anything from a description about a person or thing, a thought or even a story. In short a theme stands for whatever the poem is about. Symbolism A poem often conveys feelings, thoughts and ideas using symbols, this technique is known as symbolism. poetry has developed over hundreds of years, certain symbolic meanings have attached themselves to such things as colors, places, times, and animals. You cannot merely plug these meanings into a poem and expect to understand the poem completely. Your own knowledge, associations, and experience are what will lead you to a deep and personal connection to any poem. Symbolism Examples: Sleep is often related to death. Dreams are linked to the future or fate. Seasons often represent ages: spring--youth, summer-- prime of life, autumn--middle age, winter--old age or death. Water is sometimes linked to the idea of birth or purification. Colors are often linked to emotions: red--anger, blue-- happiness, green--jealousy. They are also used to represent states of being: black--death or evil, white--purity or innocence, green--growth. Forests are often places of testing or challenge. Light--as the sun, the moon, stars, candles--often symbolizes good, hope, freedom. Darkness is associated with evil, magic or the unknown. The moon has several associations. It is sometimes a feminine symbol, sometimes associated with madness, sometimes with resurrection. TYPES OF POETRY TYPES OF POETRY D Special Lyrical Narrative Dramatic types Dramatic Sonnet Epic Monologue Haiku Soliloquy Cinquain Elegy Ballad Character sketch Limeck Ode Social Oration Name poem LYRICAL POETRY Lyrical Expresses Personal thoughts and Poetry emotions. is a short poem which has the characteristics of a song It pertains to a single mood or feeling and is more personal in nature. Sonnet, Elegy, and Ode are types of Lyrical Poetry. Sonnet The Name sonnet derives from Italian word sonneto which means little song. is a relatively short poem consisting of merely fourteen lines. It is known to follow a strict pattern of rhyme. Classified into Petrarchan, Shakespearean, Spenserian and Miltonic sonnets.  Sonnet 116 by William Shakespeare Let me not to the marriage of true minds Admit impediments. Love is not love which alters when it alteration finds, Or bends with the remover to remove: O no! it is an ever-fixed mark That looks on tempests and is never shaken; It is the star to every wandering bark, Whose worth's unknown, although his height be taken. Love's not time's fool, though rosy lips and cheeks Within his bending sickle's compass come: Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, But bears it out even to the edge of doom If this be error and upon me proved, I never writ, nor no man ever loved. Elegy This is a lyric poem which expresses lament and mourning of the dead, feeling of grief and melancholy. The theme of this poem is death. Lycidas By John Milton Yet once more, O ye Laurels, and once more Ye Myrtles brown, with Ivy never-sear, I com to pluck your Berries harsh and crude, And with forc'd fingers rude, Shatter your leaves before the mellowing year. Bitter constraint, and sad occasion dear, Compels me to disturb your season due: For Lycidas is dead, dead ere his prime. Ode This is a poem of nobeling feeling, expressed with dignity and praises for some persons, objects, events or ideas. It is exalted in tone and formal in structure and content. Ode on a Grecian Urn By John Keats Thou still unravish'd bride of quietness, Thou foster-child of silence and slow time, Sylvan historian, who canst thus express A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme: What leaf-fring'd legend haunts about thy shape Of deities or mortals, or of both, In Tempe or the dales of Arcady? What men or gods are these? What maidens loth? What mad pursuit? What struggle to escape? What pipes and timbrels? What wild ecstasy? NARRATIVE POETRY Narrative Types of poet that narrates a Poetry story through the use of poetic diction either real or imaginary. Narrative poem has special appeal. This form of poetry describes events in a vivid way, using some of the elements as short stories, plot characters and dialogue. Epic This is a long and narrative poem that normally tells a story about a hero or an adventure. Epics can be oral stories or can be poems in written form. 1. Popular or ancient poetry is usually without definite author and slow in the development. 2. Modern epic poetry has a definite author. 5 Greatest examples of epic poem Beowulf by Anonymous - This is an Old English language heroic epic poem of anonymous authorship, dating as recorded in the Nowell Codex manuscript from between the 8th to the 11th century and relates events described as having occurred in what is now Denmark and Sweden. Metamorphoses by Ovid - This is a narrative poem in fifteen books that describes the creation and history of the world. The Odyssey by Homer - The poem is, in part, a sequel to Homer’s Iliad and mainly centers on the Greek hero Odysseus and his long journey home to Ithaca following the fall of Troy. Epic of Gilgamesh by Anonymous - This is an epic poem from Ancient Mesopotamia and is among the earliest known works of literary fiction. The Iliad by Homer - oldest extant work of literature in the ancient Greek language, making it the first work of European literature. Ballad It also tell a story, like epic poems however, ballad poetry is often based on a legend or a folk tale. Most ballads are written in four- six stanzas and has a regular rhythms and rhyme schemes. A ballad often features a refrain-a regular repeated line or group of lines. The Mermaid by Unknown author Oh the ocean waves may roll, And the stormy winds may blow, While we poor sailors go skipping aloft And the land lubbers lay down below, below, below And the land lubbers lay down below. Social poem This is either purely comic or tragic and pictures the life of today. It may aim to bring changes in social conditions. DRAMATIC POETRY Dramatic Has elements related closely to Poetry the drama. It uses a dramatic technique and may unfold a story. It emphasize the character rather than the narrative.  Dramatic This is a combination of drama monologue and poetry. It presents some line or speech of single character in a particular but complicated situation and sometimes in a dilemma Solilouy The speaker of the poem or the character in a play delivers a passage. The thoughts and emotions are heard by the author and the audience as well. Oration This Is a formal address elevated in tone and usually delivered on some notable occasion. Character This is a poem which the writeris Sketch concerned less with the elements of story. He presents his observations and comments to a particular individual. SPECIAL TYPES OF POEMS Haiku Special type of poetry which originated from Japan. It’s the shortest type of poem and, often, the most difficult to understand. It consists of three lines that generally do not rhyme. The lines should have five, seven, and five syllables in them. The best-known fu-ru-i-ke ya (5) Japanese ka-wa-zu to-bi-ko-mu (7) haiku is Bashō's mi-zu no o-to (5) "old pond": (Translated) old pond... a frog leaps in water’s sound Cinquain This is five-line poem which also originated in Japan. There are many different variations of cinquain including American Cinquains, didactic cinquains, reverse cinquains, butterfly cinquains and crown cinquains. “Snow” by Adelaide Crapsey Look up… From bleakening hills Bloww! s down the light, first breath Of wintry wind…look up, and scent The snow Free Verse A loosest type of poem. It can consists as many lines as the writer wants and either rhyme or not and has no fixed metrical pattern. This type of poem openly called as “Poem with no rules.” Feelings, Now by Katherine Foreman Some kind of attraction that is neither Animal, vegetable, nor mineral, a power not Solar, fusion, or magnetic And it is all in my head that I could see into his And find myself sitting there. Name poem A special type of poetry belong to descriptive poetry that use an adjective to describe a person that begins with each letter of that person's name. Taylor Taylor likes each sentiment to be Appropriate to its own time and place. Years may roll like waves across her shore, Leaving none of what there was before, Obliterating every sign of grace. Reason not, says Taylor, with the sea! Zulueta 2016 *End*