Philippine National Standard Organic Swine - Code Of Practice (COP) 2023 PDF

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 ICS 65.020.30 STANDARD Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES STANDARDS BPI Compound Visayas Aven...

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 ICS 65.020.30 STANDARD Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES STANDARDS BPI Compound Visayas Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines Trunkline: (632) 928-8741 to 64 loc. 3301-3319 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.bafs.da.gov.ph Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) PNS/BAFS 371:2023 ICS 65.020.30 Copyright © 2023 by Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards All rights reserved. The mention of specific organizations or products, does not mean endorsement or recommendation from the Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards (BAFS) in preference to other of similar nature that are not included. The BAFS encourages the reproduction and dissemination of the materials upon request. Applications for permissions to reproduce or disseminate these materials and all other queries should be addressed to the publisher. Published by: Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards BAFS Building, BPI Compound, Visayas Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City [email protected] | [email protected] (+632) 8928 8756 to 65 local 3301 – 3325 ISBN 978-621-455-513-0 (PDF) www.bafs.da.gov.ph PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 Foreword In 2019, the PNS/BAFS 07:2016 (Organic Agriculture) was revised to separate crop and animal production. The revision aims to create species-specific standard on organic agriculture for animal production and update the provisions related to organic feeds and lot area for animal production. In 2020, the Technical Working Group (TWG) tasked to develop the Philippine National Standard (PNS) specific to Organic Livestock Production was established through Special Order (SO) No. 442, series of 2020 (Creation of Technical Committees [TC] and its TWG for the development of PNS for Agriculture and Fisheries Products, Machinery, and Structures). The TWG conducted a series of meetings which resulted in the creation of the initial draft for organic poultry, pig, small ruminants, and large ruminants. Further, the TWG agreed to defer the development of the PNS for organic swine in consideration of the ongoing research of the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) on the efficiency of the formulated organic feeds for poultry. In 2022, the UPLB informed Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards (BAFS)- Department of Agriculture (DA) that their research on the efficiency of organic poultry diets in accordance with the DA Department Circular (DC) No. 9, series of 2020 (National list of permitted substances for organic agriculture) is on its finalization stage. Thus, the development of PNS on Organic Swine – COP was included in the priority list for standardization in CY 2023. In 2023, the DA-BAFS officially established a TWG specifically to develop PNS on Organic Swine – COP through the following SO: a) SO No. 146, series of 2023 (Creation of TWG for the development of PNS for agricultural and fishery products, machinery, and infrastructures); and b) SO No. 532, series of 2023 (Addendum to SO No. 146, series of 2023 entitled “Creation of the TWG for the development of PNS for agricultural and fishery products, machinery, and infrastructures”). The TWG was composed of representatives from the government agencies, academe/research institutions, private sector organizations, and Civil Society Organizations (CSO). The draft PNS underwent series of TWG meetings, stakeholder consultations, and finalization writeshop conducted physically and via online platform before its endorsement to the DA Secretary for approval. The following are the changes in the previous version: a) Modification in the scope; b) Additional terminologies and modifications in the terms and definition; c) Additions, deletions, and modifications on the following clauses; i. Conversion to organic swine production; ii. Swine husbandry management; iii. Breeds, breeding, and breeding animals (previously breeds and breeding); ii PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 iv. Swine nutrition (Pasture/range area management; crop production for feeds; raw materials permitted; organic feed productions); v. Feeding of milk and fostering; vi. Swine identification and mutilation; vii. Swine health; viii. Biosecurity measures; ix. Range area and housing; x. Manure management; xi. Pest management; xii. Transport and slaughter; xiii. Documentation; xiv. Packaging; and xv. Labeling; and d) Annexes. This document was written in accordance with the formatting and editorial rules of the Standardization Guide No.1 (Writing the PNS) developed by the Standards Development Division (SDD) of the BAFS-DA. iii PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 Table of Contents Foreword..................................................................................................................... i 1 Scope.................................................................................................................. 1 2 Normative References........................................................................................ 1 3 Terms and Definitions......................................................................................... 3 4 Swine Production Management.......................................................................... 5 4.1 Conversion to organic swine production...................................................... 5 4.2 Simultaneous conversion............................................................................. 6 4.3 Swine husbandry management.................................................................... 6 4.4 Breeds, breeding, and breeding animals..................................................... 7 4.5 Swine nutrition............................................................................................. 8 4.6 Feeding of milk and fostering..................................................................... 10 4.7 Swine identification and mutilation............................................................. 10 4.8 Swine health.............................................................................................. 11 4.9 Biosecurity measures................................................................................. 12 4.10 Range area and housing............................................................................ 13 4.11 Manure management................................................................................. 14 4.12 Pest management...................................................................................... 14 4.13 Transport and slaughter............................................................................. 14 4.14 Documentation........................................................................................... 15 4.15 Packaging.................................................................................................. 17 4.16 Labeling..................................................................................................... 17 Annex A.................................................................................................................... 18 Annex B.................................................................................................................... 19 Bibliography............................................................................................................. 21 ii PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 1 Scope This Standard establishes the recommended practices for the organic production of swine including transport, slaughter, packaging, and labeling to ensure organic integrity. 2 Normative References The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all their contents constitute the requirements of this document. The latest edition of the referenced documents (including any amendments) applies: An act amending certain sections of Republic Act (RA) No. 8485, otherwise known as “The animal welfare act of 1998″ (RA No. 10631). (2012). https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2013/ra_10631_2013.html An act amending the RA No. 10068 or the Organic Agriculture Act of 2010 (RA No. 11511). (2020). https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2020/12dec/20201223-RA- 11511-RRD.pdf An act providing for the development and promotion of organic agriculture in the Philippines and for other purposes (RA No. 10068). (2010). https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2010/04/06/republic-act-no-10068/ Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards (BAFS)-Department of Agriculture (DA). (2018). Free range chicken (PNS/BAFS 262:2018). https://bafs.da.gov.ph/bafs_admin/admin_page/pns_file/PNS%20BAFS %20262-2018-Final_Free%20range%20chicken.pdf BAFS-DA. (2019). Code of Practice (COP) for the production of organic soil amendments (PNS/BAFS 291:2019). https://bafs.da.gov.ph/bafs_admin/admin_page/pns_file/PNS%20291% 20COP%20OSA.pdf BAFS-DA. (2022a). Organic Crop Production, Postharvest, and Processing (OCPPP) — COP (PNS/BAFS 337:2022). https://bafs.da.gov.ph/bafs_admin/admin_page/pns_file/PNS.BAFS.337.2022_%20PNS%20Organic%20Crop%20Production,%20Postharvest %20and%20Processing%20-%20Code%20of%20Practice.pdf BAFS-DA. (2022b). Prepackaged fresh chilled and fresh frozen meat – Product standard – Labeling (PNS/BAFS 339:2022). https://bafs.da.gov.ph/bafs_admin/admin_page/pns_file/PNS.BAFS%2 0339.2022_PNS%20Prepackaged%20Fresh%20Chilled%20and%20Fr esh%20Frozen%20Meat%20%E2%80%94%20Product%20Standard% 20%E2%80%94%20Labeling.pdf 1 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 BAFS-DA. (2022c). Swine — COP — Good Animal Husbandry Practices (GAHP) (PNS/BAFS 267:2022). https://bafs.da.gov.ph/bafs_admin/admin_page/pns_file/2022-12-29- PNS.BAFS%20267.2022_PNS%20Swine%20%E2%80%94%20Good %20Animal%20Husbandry%20Practices%20(GAHP)%20(1).pdf Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC). (2018). General standard for the labeling of prepackaged foods (CXS 1-1985). https://www.fao.org/fao- who-codexalimentarius/sh- proxy/es/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%25 2Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCXS%2B1- 1985%252FCXS_001e.pdf CAC. (2021). General standard for the labeling of non-retail containers of foods (CXS 346-2021). https://www.fao.org/fao-who- codexalimentarius/sh- proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%25 2Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCXS%2B346- 2021%252FCXS_346e.pdf DA. (2002). Code of minimum standards for the welfare of pigs (Administrative Order [AO] No. 41, series of 2002). https://paws.org.ph/downloads/ao_41_- _code_of_practice_and_minimum_standards_for_pigs.pdf DA. (2018). Revised guidelines for the official accreditation of organic certifying bodies (Department Circular [DC] No. 01, series of 2018). https://bafs.da.gov.ph/bafs_admin/admin_page/laws_files/Department %20Circular%20No.%2001%20Series%20of%202018_web.pdf DA. (2020). National list of permitted substances for organic agriculture (DC No. 09, series of 2020). https://bafs.da.gov.ph/bafs_admin/admin_page/laws_files/DC.No.09%2 0s%202020%20National%20List%20of%20Permitted%20Substances %20for%20OA.pdf DA. (2022). Guidelines for the accreditation of the core Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) groups and its operation as Organic Certifying Body (OCB) (DC No. 03, series of 2022). https://www.da.gov.ph/wp- content/uploads/2022/07/dc03_s2022.pdf Faylon, W., & Bueno, C. (2018). Practical guide in raising and value adding of meat from organically-grown native pig and native chicken. Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR)-Department of Agriculture (DA). Standards Council of Canada. (2020). Organic production systems. General principles and management standards (CAN/CGSB-32.310-2020, amendment no. 1, 2021). https://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/ongc- cgsb/programme-program/normes-standards/internet/032-310/032- 2 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 310-eng.html?fbclid=IwAR0nIyvFjkahbFh70wChAhC6egbAdTfo- o1s4gvGNDiEbGMeEoF5YFvnp9w#s6.15 3 Terms and Definitions 3.1 antibiotics medicines that fight infections caused by bacteria in humans and animals by either killing bacteria or making it difficult for the bacteria to grow and multiply (Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016) 3.2 artificial insemination procedure by which one manually deposits a sperm suspension, fresh or frozen-thawed, into the female reproductive tract to overcome logistical problems associated with natural mating (Agca & Critser, 2006) 3.3 comingling intentional or unintentional mixing together or the physical contact between organic and non-organic products which are unpacked or permeably packed, which leads to a loss of integrity of the organic product during production, processing, transportation, storage, or handling (BAFS-DA, 2022a) 3.4 commercial breed classified as a meat type and essential for producing high-quality meat (Stachowiak et.al., 2016) 3.5 competent authority official government organization/agency(ies) having jurisdiction. In the context of the DA, competent authority refers to the bureau or agency mandated by law with responsibility and competence for ensuring and supervising the implementation of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures, or standards (DA, 2022) 3.6 contamination contact of organic products with substances that would compromise organic integrity (ASOA, 2014, modified) 3.7 dystocia difficulty in the delivery of piglets (Nam & Sukon, 2021, modified) 3 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 3.8 farrow to finish type of operation that raises swine from birth to slaughter weight (United State Department of Agriculture [USDA]-Economic Research Service [ERS], 2022) 3.9 farrow to wean type of operation that raises piglets from birth to weaning (National Pork Board, 2019) 3.10 growth hormones used to increase muscle mass, lower fatness, and improve feed conversion rate in swine (Wenjun et.al., 2002) 3.11 mutilations intentional removal or alteration of animal body parts to solve animal management concerns and to improve the product quality (e.g., castration, teeth clipping, tail docking) (Norduist et.al, 2017; Connor & Cowan, 2020, modified) 3.12 organic quality produced according to organic standards (Association of Southeast Asian Nations [ASEAN], 2014) 3.13 oxytocin hormone used to induce or maintain normal labor and delivery in pregnant animals (Papich, 2021) 3.14 pasture area land used for livestock grazing that is natural or managed for the production of feed resources such as grasses and forages, and maintain or improve soil, water, and vegetative resources (Heleba, 2023, modified) 3.15 range area area where animals can freely roam around to express their natural behavior in which animals may or may not graze (BAFS-DA, 2018, modified) 3.16 sexed semen characterized by the presence of either X- or Y- chromosome-bearing sperm, allowing the production of offspring of the desired sex (Quelhas et al., 2021) 4 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 3.17 swine porcine animal raised to be a feeder pig, breederstock, or slaughter pig (Cornel Law School, n.d., modified) 3.18 therapeutic use administration of antimicrobial agents to animals for treating and controlling infectious diseases (Office International des Epizooties [OIE], 2016) 3.18.1 treatment administration of a medicinal product to animal with the aim of treating the clinically sick animal (European Union [EU], 2019) 3.18.2 allopathic evidence-based system of care, which relies on data from clinical trials and studies to develop more effective treatments (Martin, 2021) 3.18.3 metaphylactic administration of a medicinal product to a group of animals after a diagnosis of clinical disease in part of the group has been established (Simjee & Ippolito, 2022 - modified) 3.18.4 prophylactic administration of a medicinal product to a group of animals before clinical signs of disease, in order to prevent the occurrence of disease or infection (EU, 2019) 3.19 veterinary medicinal product substances or combinations of substances to prevent, diagnose, or treat disease in animals (European Commission [EC], 2022) 3.20 wean to finish type of operation that raises weanlings until slaughter weight (USDA-ERS, 2022, modified) 4 Swine Production Management 4.1 Conversion to organic swine production If swine are to be sold as organic products, the swine shall be organically reared according to the conversion period shown in Table 1: 5 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 Table 1. Conversion period of swine and products derived from different type of operation. Type of operation Conversion period Products Farrow to wean1 Breeder sows: at least Weanlings/Cochinillo 38 days prior to pigs/Lechon de leche farrowing pigs Organic Piglets: reared from farrowing to harvest Wean to finish2 Weanlings: at least 120 Slaughter pigs/Lechon days before slaughter pigs/pork Farrow to finish2 Fatteners: at least 120 Slaughter pigs/pork days before slaughter Breeders3 Breeder sows: at least Replacement breeders, 38 days prior to piglets farrowing (Hale, M. & Coffey, L., 2015) References: 1 Lammers, P. (2011). Raising Organic Pigs: A guide to USDA Certified Organic Requirements. National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service. 2 National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards-Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. (2011). Organic Agriculture Part 2: Organic Livestock (TAS 9000 Part 2-2011). 3 Hale, M. & Coffey, L. (2015). Tipsheet: organic pig production. National Center for Appropriate Technology. 4.2 Simultaneous conversion If there is a simultaneous conversion of the farm, including animal, and/or any land used for animal feed, simultaneous conversion should be in accordance with the provisions stated in this Standard. 4.3 Swine husbandry management 4.3.1 The animal husbandry for organic swine should be in conformance with PNS/BAFS 267:2022 (Swine — COP — GAHP) and shall be in conformance with Section 6 of the RA No. 10631, series of 2012 (An act amending certain 6 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 sections of RA no. 8485, otherwise known as "The animal welfare act of 1998″). 4.3.2 The tethering of animals should be allowed until the safety and welfare of the animals is secured. 4.3.3 Management of the environment shall consider the behavioral needs of the swine and provide for the following: a) sufficient free movement; b) sufficient fresh air and natural daylight according to the needs of the swine; c) protection against excessive sunlight, temperatures, rain, and wind according to the needs of the swine; d) enough lying and/or resting area according to the needs of the swine; e) free access to fresh water and feeds according to the needs of the swine; and f) access to pasture. 4.3.4 Exceptions to any of the aforecited environmental management considerations may be allowed for the following conditions, provided that the welfare of the swine is guaranteed: a) animals’ physiological state; b) inclement weather conditions; c) farm topography; and d) structure of certain traditional farming systems that restrict access to pasture or range area. 4.3.5 Landless animal husbandry systems shall not be allowed. 4.3.6 Herd animals shall not be kept individually, except in cases of the following: a) animals about to give birth or have just given birth shall be separated from other animals and shall be given the necessary veterinary attention; and b) sick, injured, or disabled animals shall be separated from healthy animals and shall be given the necessary veterinary attention as part of biosecurity measures. 4.3.7 Cleansers and disinfectants for animal housing, facilities, equipment, and other tools shall be in accordance with Section B.2 of DC No. 9, series of 2020 (National list of permitted substances for organic agriculture). 4.4 Breeds, breeding, and breeding animals 4.4.1 Breeding activities should take into consideration the following traits: a) reasonable productivity level even with low external input; 7 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 b) adaptability to local conditions; c) longevity, temperament, and good health; d) breeds that are able to provide good quality traits and products; and e) ability of swine to give birth with minimal veterinary attention. 4.4.2 The use of artificial insemination techniques, such as the use of sexed semen and semen extender, should be allowed and should be carried out only by competent and trained personnel. 4.4.3 Breeding techniques such as embryo transfer and genetic engineering shall not be allowed. 4.4.4 Breeding stock may be brought in from non-organic farms in cases of any of the following, provided that biosecurity protocols and measures are observed: a) unforeseen severe natural or man-made events; b) considerable expansion of the farm; c) improvement of existing breeding stock; and d) introduction of new breed. 4.4.5 The farm is encouraged to follow the standard swine replacement rate of at most 50% per year to sustain organic swine production and promote continuous genetic improvement. 4.4.6 Breed diversity of swine should be maintained. Indigenous/native breeds should be preserved and promoted. 4.5 Swine nutrition 4.5.1 Pasture/range area management 4.5.1.1 Swine shall have access to pasture/range area. 4.5.1.2 Pasture/range area that has not been used in conventional crop production shall be exempted from the conversion period provided that the land meets the following requirements: a) Official attestation from the competent authority agency (national or local) or research institution on non-application of prohibited inputs for the past two years; and b) Notarized affidavit from two disinterested persons from the community as proof that the land was cultivated under practices allowed for organic agriculture for the past two years (BAFS-DA, 2022a, modified). 4.5.1.3 Pasture area that has been established less than 2 years and previously used in conventional crop production shall have at least 90 days into conversion period (BAFS-DA, 2022a, modified). 8 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 4.5.1.4 The pasture management for organic swine production shall be properly managed in accordance with item a of Clause 6.4 of PNS/BAFS 262:2018 (Free range chicken), such as: a) encourage to use the range area fully; b) maintain vegetation quality; c) prevent and/or manage muddy/worn/soddy area; d) prevent coming into contact with any toxic substances; e) minimize any build-up of parasites or other disease-causing organisms; and f) offer protection and cover while they are ranging. 4.5.1.5 Swine shall not be exposed to pasture management practices that may cause them harm (e.g., spraying, pesticide use, sowing, cropping, etc.) (BAFS-DA, 2018). 4.5.2 Crop production for feeds 4.5.2.1 Crop production area that has not been used in conventional crop production shall be exempted from the conversion period provided that the land meets the following requirements: a) Official attestation from the competent authority agency (national or local) or research institution on non-application of prohibited inputs for the past two years; and b) Notarized affidavit from two disinterested persons from the community as proof that the land was cultivated under practices allowed for organic agriculture for the past two years (BAFS-DA, 2022a, modified). 4.5.2.2 Crop production area that has been used in conventional crop production shall have at least 180 days into the conversion period, the production practices shall follow PNS/BAFS 337:2022 (OCPPP – COP). 4.5.2.3 Use of locally sourced or native varieties should be encouraged as shown in Annex A (Common and locally available feed ingredients). Use of GMO varieties shall be prohibited (BAFS-DA, 2022a). 4.5.2.4 All the organic soil amendments and other planting media used (e.g., carbonized rice hull, coco coir, peat, etc.), shall be in accordance with the PNS/BAFS 291:2019 (PNS on production of OSA) and Section A.2 of DC No. 09, series of 2020 (National list of permitted substances for organic agriculture) (BAFS-DA, 2022a). 4.5.2.5 When supplementary application of OSA is needed, it shall be certified as organic (BAFS-DA, 2022a). 4.5.2.6 The use of synthetic pesticides (e.g., herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, molluscicides, nematicides, rodenticides, acaricides, etc.) shall be prohibited (BAFS-DA, 2022a). 9 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 4.5.3 Raw materials permitted 4.5.3.1 The raw materials permitted for organic swine production shall be in accordance with Section B of DC No. 9, series of 2020 (National list of permitted substances for organic agriculture). 4.5.3.2 In the context of animal nutrition, vitamins and minerals, provitamins, and chemically well-defined substances having a similar effect (e.g., crystalline amino acid [dL methionine]) may be used provided it meet the conditions stated in DC No. 9, series of 2020 (National list of permitted substances for organic agriculture). 4.5.4 Organic feed productions 4.5.4.1 The production of organic feeds shall be in accordance with applicable standards related to organic animal feeds. 4.5.4.2 In the formulation of organic feed, the ingredients/raw materials, vitamins and minerals, and preservatives shall be in accordance with Section B of DC No. 9, series of 2020 (National list of permitted substances for organic agriculture). 4.5.5 The diet should be offered to the swine in a form allowing them to execute their natural feeding behavior. 4.6 Feeding of milk and fostering 4.6.1 The use of milk from non-organic systems and dairy-based milk substitutes is allowed in case the sow is unable to provide the piglets’ requirements. The piglets should be weaned only after a minimum time that considers their natural behavior. 4.6.2 Fostering is allowed to ensure sufficient nourishment and survivability of piglets. 4.7 Swine identification and mutilation 4.7.1 The farm operator shall have means of identification of swine. 4.7.2 The following methods of identification of swine shall be allowed and comply with the Section 3 of the DA AO No. 41, series of 2020 (Code of minimum standards for the welfare of pigs): a) ear tattooing; b) ear tagging; and c) ear notching. 4.7.3 Mutilations shall be prohibited. However, the following methods shall be exempted in specific cases where these can improve the welfare, health, or hygiene of the swine or for safety reasons: 10 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 a) castration; b) cutting or grinding of teeth/clipping of “needle” or milk teeth; and c) tail docking. 4.7.4 Allowed mutilations and animal identification practices shall not cause suffering and comply with existing regulatory requirements of the competent authority. Trained personnel should carry out these practices at the most appropriate age and any suffering to the swine is reduced to a minimum. 4.8 Swine health 4.8.1 The farm owner shall ensure the health and well-being of the swine through the following: a) selection of appropriate breeds of swine; b) adoption of GAHP appropriate to the requirements of swine; c) provision of nutritionally balanced feed; and d) appropriate stocking densities. 4.8.2 The recommended nutritional requirements for swine are provided in Annex B (Nutritional requirements of swine). 4.8.3 Swine health care shall be supervised by a duly licensed veterinarian. 4.8.4 The well-being of the swine is superior in the choice of treatment, and treatment shall be prescribed by the licensed veterinarian. 4.8.5 Natural remedies and complementary medical methods should be the first choice. 4.8.6 If natural remedies are not effective, prophylactic or metaphylactic drugs are allowed as prescribed by a licensed veterinarian. Moreover, treatment shall not be withheld for economic reasons like if the treatment jeopardizes the organic integrity of the swine. 4.8.7 The swine shall be treated promptly and adequately if sick or injured despite preventive measures. If necessary, in isolation and in suitable housing/s, producers shall not withhold such medication where it will result in the unnecessary suffering of the swine. 4.8.8 The use of oxytocin is not allowed except when there are dystocia cases. 4.8.9 The use of antibiotics for prophylactic/preventive purposes and as growth promoter is not allowed. However, the use of antibiotics for treatment and metaphylactic is allowed when an endemic disease is known or expected to be a problem in the region where the farm is located and where the disease cannot be controlled by other management techniques under the direct supervision of a duly licensed veterinarian. 11 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 4.8.10 Administration of veterinary drugs may be done by deputized trained personnel through written authorization by a duly licensed veterinarian. 4.8.11 The withdrawal period of a veterinary drug shall be twice the legal withdrawal period provided in the medical insert or in a case in which this period is not specified, 21 days, whichever is longer. The swine shall be sold as organic only after the withdrawal period. 4.8.12 Vaccination using registered vaccines shall be allowed as authorized by the competent authority. 4.8.13 The use of the following substances shall not be allowed: a) all steroids and other synthetic growth promoters or enhancers; b) substances of synthetic origin for production stimulation or suppression of natural growth; and c) hormones for heat synchronization. 4.8.14 The use of allopathic medicines shall be allowed following the maximum treatments: a) slaughter pigs - three treatments per animal; and b) breeder pigs - three treatments per animal per year. 4.9 Biosecurity measures 4.9.1 Mandatory biosecurity and quarantine procedures shall be well-implemented to prevent the introduction of disease into the farm and/or to control its spread within the farm. 4.9.2 The farm shall have a written protocol for biosecurity measures. Proper biosecurity signages shall be provided. 4.9.3 The implementation of biosecurity measures shall be continuously monitored to assess the effectiveness of the program. 4.9.4 The farm shall have the appropriate and functional layout and infrastructure to ensure the effective implementation of the biosecurity measures. This shall include facilities for: a) Disinfecting at entry and exit points of the farm and the building; b) changing footwear; and c) washing and showering. 4.9.5 All “brought-in” swine shall be isolated and undergo appropriate quarantine measures/treatment. 4.9.6 The farm shall have a proper handling and disposal system for dead swine (BAFS-DA, 2022c). 12 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 4.9.7 All visitors entering the farm should undergo a downtime period of at least 24 hours or based on their origin and exposure and area with disease risk situation. 4.10 Range area and housing 4.10.1 Housing for animals should not be mandatory in areas with appropriate climatic conditions to enable animals to live outdoors. 4.10.2 Swine may be temporarily confined during periods of unfavorable weather, when the health, safety, and well-being of the animal could be jeopardized, or to protect the plant, soil, and water quality. 4.10.3 The stocking density in buildings should: a) provide comfort and well-being of the swine with regard for their breed and age; b) consider the behavioral needs of the swine with respect to the size of the group and their classification; and c) provide the swine with sufficient space to stand naturally, lie down easily, turn around, groom themselves, and assume all-natural postures and movements. 4.10.4 The minimum indoor space requirements for swine shall be in accordance with Table 2: Table 2. Minimum indoor space requirements for swine (Standards Council of Canada, 2020). Swine type Indoor space (m2/head) Lactating sow and piglets (250 kg) 7.5 per sow Piglets over 40 days up to 30 kg 0.6 Breeder sow (female) (200 kg) 2.5 Boar (male) (180 kg) 10 Farrow to finish (up to 50 kg) 0.8 Farrow to finish (50.1 kg to 85 kg) 1.2 Farrow to finish (85.1 kg to 110 kg) 1.3 4.10.5 The minimum outdoor space requirements for swine is 6 m²/head (Faylon & Bueno, 2018). 4.10.6 The outdoor stocking density of animals kept on pasture, grassland, or other natural or semi-natural habitats shall be kept at an optimum level as to prevent degradation of the soil and over-grazing of vegetation. 4.10.7 The housing should be in conformance with Clause 7 of PNS/BAFS 267:2022 (Swine — COP — GAHP). 13 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 4.11 Manure management 4.11.1 Manure management practices used to maintain any area in which animals are housed, penned, or pastured shall be implemented in a manner that: a) minimizes soil and water degradation; b) does not significantly contribute to the contamination of water by nitrates; c) optimizes recycling of nutrients; and d) does not include burning or any practice inconsistent with organic practices. 4.11.2 All manure storage and handling facilities, including composting facilities, shall be designed, constructed, and operated to prevent contamination of ground and/or surface water. 4.11.3 Manure production rates shall be at levels that do not contribute to ground and/or surface water contamination. 4.11.4 The competent authority may establish maximum manure application rates for pasture. The timing of application and application methods should not increase the potential for run-off into ponds, rivers, and streams. 4.11.5 Organic farmer should compost their manure and use it as fertilizer. The compost production shall be in accordance with PNS/BAFS 291:2019 (COP for the production of OSA). 4.12 Pest management 4.12.1 Farm premises shall be maintained in a good condition to prevent possible vermin infestation. 4.12.2 The farm shall have pest control programs to reduce or eliminate pests including rodents and insects. 4.12.3 Physical pest control methods shall be used. In the event that physical pest control method is not effective, pest control methods using chemicals may be allowed provided that the contamination is controlled or prevented. 4.13 Transport and slaughter 4.13.1 The organic integrity of swine shall be maintained throughout the entire process of transport and slaughter. Each swine or group of swine shall be identifiable and separated at each step in the transport and slaughter process. 4.13.2 Swine shall be transported in conformance with Clause 16 of PNS/BAFS 267:2022 (Swine — COP — GAHP). 14 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 4.13.3 Swine shall always be handled or restrained in such a way to protect them from fear, stress, pain, and injury. The handling shall be calm and gentle. The use of electric prods and such instruments shall be restricted. 4.13.4 Tools shall be used in a manner that minimizes stress and does not harm the swine. Sticks, canes, or electric prods should not be used to restrain farm animals. However, these may be used for the worker's safety when handling aggressive animals. 4.13.5 Tools, facilities, and equipment shall be functional for efficient and effective animal management. The operators shall acquire the skills and techniques to use the tools properly and appropriately. 4.13.6 The transport of organic swine shall be separated from conventional and shall be well-organized and appropriate to the needs of the animals, taking into consideration the following factors: a) stress caused to the swine; b) fitness of the swine; c) process of loading and unloading; d) mixing different groups of swine or swine of different sex; e) the grip of the feet on floors and ramps; f) equipment used; g) extreme temperatures and relative humidity; and h) hunger and thirst. 4.13.7 Appropriate measures such as a separate schedule of stocking during pre- slaughter and a separate schedule or facility shall be implemented during slaughter to prevent commingling and contamination of organic with conventional swine. A separate slaughterhouse for organic swine is recommended. 4.13.8 Slaughtering of organic swine shall be done in NMIS-registered slaughterhouses/Locally Registered Meat Establishments (LRME). 4.13.9 The transport of meat shall be in compliance with Section 15 of DA AO No. 19, series of 2010 (Guidelines on Good Hygienic Slaughtering Practices [GHSP] for LRME) and any applicable standards. 4.14 Documentation 4.14.1 Treatment records of sick swine shall be kept, clearly identifying the swine concerned, including details of the treatment and its duration, as well as the generic name of the active ingredient(s), indications and contraindications, brand name, withdrawal period, batch number, and manufacturing and expiration date of drugs used. 4.14.2 The farm operator shall keep updated and complete records of swine health programs including disease monitoring such as, but not limited to, necropsy 15 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 report, mortality rate, and signs and symptoms, vaccination, and de-worming programs, and animal waste management and utilization. Records should be easily accessible. 4.14.3 The farm operator shall keep updated and complete records of biosecurity measures including, disinfection of entry and exit points, changing footwear, washing and showering, and other related measures. 4.14.4 The farm operator shall maintain updated records of medicine purchased and administration that should be readily available for verification. 4.14.4 Administration records shall consist of the following Veterinary Drug Order (VDO) accompanied by a Veterinarian-Client-Patient Relationship (VCPR): a) type of drugs or medication used; b) quantity of medicine used; c) date administered; d) identification and number of animals treated; e) withdrawal period; and f) name and license of the administering veterinarian. 4.14.5 On the basis of these records, proper corrections to production practice shall be made in order to minimize the need for the application of allopathic and treatment medicines. 4.14.6 The farm operator shall keep the following minimum records: a) Conversion period; b) Swine identification; c) Swine source; d) Feed; e) Swine health (treatment, vaccination, and supplementation); f) Swine movement; g) Laboratory tests; h) Sanitation and hygiene (personnel and farm hygiene); i) Pest control; j) Personnel health and training; k) Waste management and utilization; l) Manure management; m) Production; n) Procurement; o) Storage; p) Visitor; and q) Transportation. 4.14.7 Above mentioned records (including those related to the use of sub- contractors) shall follow a retention period of at least 5 years. 16 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 4.15 Packaging 4.15.1 The packaging, storage, and transportation containers used for organic products shall not contaminate the organic product. 4.15.2 Use of packaging materials from biodegradable, recycled, or recyclable sources should be encouraged. 4.16 Labeling 4.16.1 The labeling of organic pork should generally conform with the requirements of CXS 1-1985, rev. 2018 (General standard for the labeling of prepackaged foods), CXS 346-2021 (General standard for the labeling of non-retail containers of foods), and PNS/BAFS 339:2022 (Prepackaged fresh chilled and fresh frozen meat – Product standard – Labeling). 4.16.2 All organic food labeling shall meet additional requirement established by the competent authorities including the following and their future amendments: a) Section 14 of RA No. 11511 (An act amending the RA No. 10068 or the Organic Agriculture Act of 2010); b) DC No. 01, series of 2018 (Revised guidelines for the official accreditation of organic certifying bodies); and c) DC No. 03, series of 2022 (Guidelines for the accreditation of the core PGS and its operation as OCB). 17 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 Annex A (Informative) Common and locally available feed ingredients for swine (PHILSAN, 2010) Energy sources (as fed basis) Feed ingredients Dry Crude Crude Crude Ash Starch ME1, TDN2 matter protein fat fiber % % Kcal/kg % % % % Banana, meal, peeled 90.00 5.40 1.10 3.50 5.20 70.00 2600 69.20 3550 Cassava, residue 89.60 2.20 0.90 12.30 5.30 56.00 2665 70.94 Cassava meal 90.00 3.80 0.40 1.10 1.20 59.00 2800 74.53 3550 Corn, cooked 91.59 6.85 0.76 0.73 0.49 83.00 3975 81.40 Corn, yellow (local) 89.29 8.05 3.94 2.44 1.42 71.00 3550 80.00 3687 Rice broken 88.00 7.50 0.90 3.80 0.70 58.00 3080 77.50 3550 Rice paddy 89.00 7.30 1.20 9.00 4.90 50.00 2360 71.20 2735 Sorghum 88.00 9.00 2.70 2.20 1.80 62.00 3250 77.40 3500 Sugar brown 95.00 3620 90.00 3800 Plant protein sources (as fed basis) Feed ingredients Dry Crude Crude Crude Ash Starch ME1, TDN2 matter protein fat fiber % % Kcal/kg % % % % Black beans 90.30 39.50 1.50 11.60 6.00 - 2540 - Canola meal 90.00 35.50 1.50 9.00 7.30 - 2900 70.00 2330 Cow pea 88.00 21.50 1.20 3.20 3.20 - 2820 - Ipil-ipil leaf meal 90.00 20.00 4.40 10.30 7.00 - 1400 - 2465 Mungbean 88.56 24.77 1.13 6.63 3.50 - 2745 - Pigeon pea 88.00 22.50 1.00 8.00 4.70 - 2610 - Milling and factory by-products (as fed basis) Feed ingredients Dry Crude Crude Crude Ash Starch ME1, TDN2 matter protein fat fiber % % Kcal/kg % % % % Copra meal, expeller 96.20 21.00 10.51 8.76 6.13 - 2850 82.10 2970 Corn bran 88.60 9.00 8.50 7.00 3.20 40.00 2600 74.80 3250 Molasses 75.00 2.90 - - - - 2330 54.84 2455 Rice bran, D1 91.40 12.14 13.79 5.27 6.89 28.00 3000 77.16 3752 Rice bran, D2 89.00 10.00 9.90 10.20 7.20 20.00 2600 73.14 2910 Rice bran, defatted 92.30 20.10 3.20 7.30 13.80 25.00 2590 75.50 Note: Figures in bold numbers are computed based on regression equation 1ME – Metabolizable Energy 2TDN – Total Digestible Nutrients 18 PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARD PNS/BAFS 371: 2023 Organic Swine — Code of Practice (COP) ICS 65.020.30 Annex B (Informative) Nutritional requirements of swine (PHILSAN, 2010) Table B.1 – Nutrient recommendation for creep and pre-starter rations (hybrid) Rations Unit Creep Pre-starter Weight range Kg 2.0 – 8.0 8.0 – 22.0 Feeding days 28 30 Expected ADFI 1 Kg/day 0.11 0.83 Expected ADG2 g/day 190 195 200 430 440 450 Nutrient Density Unit Low Med High Low Med High Energy (ME3):Protein 157 157 157 162 162 162 ratio Nutrients Energy, ME3 Kcal/kg 3250 3300 3350 3150 3200 3250 Crude Protein % 20.7 21.0 21.3 19.5 19.8 20.0 Calcium % (1.00 – 1.10) (0.95 – 1.08) P (avail) % 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 Salt % 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 Crude fiber %