PMLS 1 Lesson 2-3 PDF

**PMLS 1 (LESSON 2)** NATURE OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SCIENCE -- concerned with the study of the natural world and its relationship with biological, psychological and even the social world. TECHNOLOGY -- the application of science in ways that are beneficial for the society. - An avenue for human...

**PMLS 1 (LESSON 2)** NATURE OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SCIENCE -- concerned with the study of the natural world and its relationship with biological, psychological and even the social world. TECHNOLOGY -- the application of science in ways that are beneficial for the society. - An avenue for humans to alter or modify the environment in order to extend their abilities to create, invent, discover, or innovate for a better place. MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PRACTICE DEFINED - The medical technology profession is defined in **SECTION 2 OF REPUBLIC ACT 5527,** also known as **MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ACT OF 1969.** - Amended by **RA 6132, PD 498, PD 1534** ACCORDING TO SECTION 2: - A medical technologist, is a medical professional, who assists or aids the physician in the diagnosis, study and treatment of diseases and in the promotion of health in general, who shall be paid with salary. - Specific services: 1. **Examination of tissues, secretions and excretions of the human body and body fluids by various electronic, chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic, hematologic, serologic, immunologic, nuclear and other lab procedures and techniques either manual or automated.** 2. **Blood Banking procedures and techniques.** 3. **Parasitologic, mycologic and microbiologic procedures and techniques.** 4. **Histopathologic and cytotechnology** 5. **Clinical research involving patients or human beings requiring the use or application of medtech knowledge and procedures.** 6. **Preparations and standardization of reagents, standards, stains and others, provided are exclusively for the use of their laboratory.** 7. **Clinical laboratory quality control.** 8. **Collection and preservation of specimens.** - All services shall be practiced by licensed Medical Technologists, practicing without it is punishable by law. - **CODE OF ETHICS:** - Origanl Ver. -- By **DR. NARDITO MORALETA.** - Revised Ver. -- By **PROF. RODOLFO RABOR** ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSIONALS 1. **PERFORM CLINICAL LABORATORY TESTING** - Every graduate of BSMLS is expected to show competency in performing basic laboratory tests, including urinalysis, and stool examination or fecalysis 2. **PERFORM SPECIAL PROCEDURES** - Like operation of advanced diagnostic equipments, molecular and nuclear diagnostics. 3. **ENSURE ACCURACY AND PRECISION OF RESULTS** - A MedTech should always be conscious of the accuracy and precision of both testing and process of results. - Accuracy and Precision is always a must. 4. **BE HONEST IN PRACTICE** - Honesty is important. - Honesty is also included in the professions code of ethics and pledged oath of practice. 5. **ENSURE TIMELY DELIVERY OF RESULTS** - A medical technologist must be aware of the urgency of delivering results on time specially in cases of urgent treatment. - Take note of "STAT" - A medical technologist should be fully alert to address the needs of the patient. 6. **DEMONSTRATE PROFESSIONALISM** - A medtech must be able to perform his or her functions according to the professional code of ethics for med techs. - He or she should be aware of the laws governing the practice. - Other laws apart from the RA 5527: - **CLINICAL LABORATORY ACT OF 1969 (R.A 4688)** - **BLOOD BANKING ACTS OF 1965 (R.A 1517) and 1995 (R.A 7719)** - National Organizations: - **PHILIPPINE ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGISTS INC (PAMET)** - **PHILIPIPPINE ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH, INC. (PASMETH)** 7. **UPHOLD CONFIDENTIALITY** - Ensuring confidentiality of the patients information is one of the core duties within the medical practice. - Patients information shall be protected and only be available when necessary. 8. **COLLABORATE WITH OTHER HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS** - Learning to collaborate or cooperate with other professionals is key in building a well-functioning team, for the betterment of the patients. - A lot responsibilities can not only be carried by one. 9. **CONDUCT RESEARCH** - Research activities are a great way to refresh and learn new things, even update their skills. - It can also be a great way to find better or new solutions to issues or problems, connected to the profession. 10. **INVOLVEMENT IN HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAMS** - Cooperate with other health care professionals for health care promotion campaigns. - Implement pre-planned programs of health promotion campaigns. - Offer free lab testings such as blood typing, urinalysis, facalysis etc. - Collaborate with other health care professionals once diagnoses are done. DEFINING THE PRACTICE OF OTHER LABORATORY PERSONNEL - **PATHOLOGIST** (defined in R.A 5527) - Registered physiscian who is specially trained in methods of laboratory medicine, or the gross and microscopic and interpretation of tissues, secretions and excretions. - Considered to head a clinical laboratory and monitor all laboratory results. - **MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNICIANS** (defined in R.A 5527) - A medical laboratory technician is a person certified by and registered with the board of Medical Technology. - Qualifications: - Failed to pass the medical technology licensure examination given by the board of medical technology but obtained a general rating of at least 70% and provided finally that a registered medical laboratory technician when employed in the government shall hhave the equivalent civil service eligibility not lower than the second grade. - Passed the civil service exam for medical technicians given on March 21, 1969 - Finished a two year college course and has at least 1 year experience of working as a medical laboratory technician: provided that for every year of experience in college, 2 years of work experience may be substituted; provided further, that the applicant has at least 10years of experience as a medical laboratory technicians as of the date of approval of this degree. - **PHLEBOTOMIST** - An individual trained to draw blood either for lab tests or for blood donations - **CYTOTECHNOLOGIST** - A personnel who works with the pathologist to detect changes in body cells which may be important in the early diagnosis of diseases. - This is done by examining microscopic slides of body cells for abnormalities or anomalies. - **HISTOTECHNOLOGIST** - Referred to as Histotechnician - Responsible for the routine preparation, processing and staining of biopsies and tissue specimens for microscopic examination by the pathologist. - **NUCLEAR MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST** - A professional who works alongside nuclear physicians. - Applies their knowledge of radiation physics and safety regulations to limit radiation exposure. - **TOXICOLOGIST** - Studies the effects of toxic substances on the physiological functions of human beings, animals and plants to develop data use in consumer protection and industrial safety programs. PMLS 1 (LESSON 3) **ETHICS** HUMAN EXISTENCE AND ETHICS ETHICS -- the moral code that guides how an individual should behave. **SCHOOLS OF ETHICS** Nuances between ethics and morality +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ETHICS | MORALITY | +===================================+===================================+ | Theoretical prescriptions/ | Based on principles practiced by | | Critiques | a particular community | | | | | - The nature of the good. | - Fundamental convictions of | | | human agent | | - The nature of human person. | | | | - Character of moral agent | | - Criteria of judgement. | | | | - Use of norms | | | | | | - Situational Analysis | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ - ETHICAL RELATIVISM - Also known as moral relativism. - A school of ethics based on the principle that morality is relative to the norms of a particular culture. - Theory based on norms relative to a particular culture or society. - It acknowledges societal diversity, that every culture and society have a unique moral design and culture. - ETHICAL PRAGMATISM - A movement that began in 1870s - More on the theory of knowledge, truth and meaning rather than morality. - Coined by Charles Sanders, further developed by William James. - ETHICAL UTILITARIANISM - Founded by Jeremy Bentham and Joh Stuart Mill - This school of Ethics states that the rightness or wrongness of actions is determined by their consequences. - Actions are good when it promotes happiness, bad as they produce unhappiness. - The usefulness of an action is determined by the extent to which it promotes happiness rather than its reverse. **MORAL ISSUES** - These issues continue to be talked about and debated on because of their controversial nature. - **ABORTION** - According to Article II, Section 12 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, abortion is illegal. - This article states that: - The state recognizes the sanctity of life and shall protect and strengthen the family a basic autonomous social institution - It shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception. - **EUTHANASIA (Mercy Killing)** - The practice of ending a life intentionally, usually in situations when the individual is terminally ill, tp relieve him or her of pain and suffering. - To others it may seem as the merciful release of an individual from an incurable disease. - **GENETIC ENGINEERING** - Through this act, humans will be seen as their own god, because of the procedures that enable them to manipulate the genetic make up of organisms. - Procedures involving Genetic engineering: - **Genetic Screening** - A procedure whose main purpose is to screen, choose and select the genes for proper detection of any genetic disease. - **Genetic Interventions** - Techniques such as genetic control, therapy, and surgery. - **Stem-Cell Therapy** - Form of genetic enginnering that makes use of stem cells to treat or prevent diseases. - **In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)** - Also known as laboratory fertilization. - Religious groups apposed because they perceive it to be a deviation from natural process of fertilization. **PROFESSIONAL ETHICS** The code of ethics of a particular profession serves as the guiding principle in the ethical practice of a profession. **Professionalism** in the workplace is necessary in maintaining a healthy and productive work environment.