Principles And Methods Of Teaching Accounting PDF

PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF TEACHING ACCOUNTING SONNY C URFANO, CPA, MBA  METHODS AND TEACHING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCFg9bcW7Bk&t=55s APPROACH A set of correlative viewpoints dealing with the nature of teaching and learning that translate into the classroom...

PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF TEACHING ACCOUNTING SONNY C URFANO, CPA, MBA  METHODS AND TEACHING https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCFg9bcW7Bk&t=55s APPROACH A set of correlative viewpoints dealing with the nature of teaching and learning that translate into the classroom METHODS is a systematic plan to achieve learning objectives, It is a procedure that must be followed “strictly” to attain a goal STRATEGY suggest a teacher’s unique way of presenting a topic to the learners, characterized by adeptness in performing the steps with utmost care to insure the attainment of a learning objectives. TECHNIQUES refers to the art, styles, or manner of a teacher’s performance in following a procedure. It includes one ability or expertise in carrying out a task in a cautious and watchful way. Approaches Methods, Strategies and Techniques 1. Serves as a guide in preparing all materials, 6. Then method will serve as a guide in observing simple tools, and equipment that will be needed. performance indicators, that is students are 2. The activities or learning tasks that will be progressing or finding difficulty in the procedure. performed could be determined. 7. The method employes could help the assessment 3. How activities will be performed to progress in the instruments that could reveal whether the objective right direction will be clearly understood and has been achieved. anticipated by the leaders if some are assigned. 8. A well-planned procedure will add to a strong 4. A method requiring movement from one place to feeling of confidence and security for the teacher as another will be planned carefully to avoid well as students. confusion. 9. It is fulfilling and gratifying for a teacher to develop 5. The instructional objectives that would be competence in deciding on a method to use and highlighted will dictate the method to be employed implementing it successfully. ROLE OF METHODS The Common Steps in Teaching 1. Preparation for instruction 2. Motivation 3. Presentation of learning tasks 4. Inducement of the trial response 5. Correction of the trial response 6. Fixation of response 7. Test response and evaluation Criteria for Method Selection 1. Objective to be pursued Knowledge, facts or information to be learned Skills or proficiency Values and attitude to be developed. 2. Subject to be taught 3. Instructional equipment, tools and materials 4. The students’ abilities 5. The students interest 6. Previous learning experience 7. The kind of participation expected 8. Context of the teaching situation 9. Knowledge and ability of the teacher 10.Safety precautions How can a Method be Evaluated? 1. Observation, informal and informal 2. Use of assessment instruments Questionnaire Checklist Interview 3. Recording through the use of audiovisual instrument 4. Journal submitted by the students may be reviewed to find out which steps was missed 5. Objectives and essay tests. MOTIVATION  M OTIVATION Motivation stands for “impulse”, rationale or driving force. It is simple ones reason or purpose for undertaking an activity. Motivation is the desire to act in service of a goal. It is crucial element in setting and attaining our objectives. KINDS OF MOTIVATION INTRINSIC MOTIVATION EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION Intrinsic motivation originates from Extrinsic motivation originates from the student’s inner self. It can arise the learning environment. It from needs at the time. includes some forms of incentives intended to arouse and sustain Example: interest in a learning activity. Desire to get high grades Example: To be the most popular To be a dean’s lister Doing homework to earn a reward such as a special treat or toy. Competing for a trophy or prize, such as in sporting event. HIGH OR POSITIVE MOTIVATION LEVELS OF MOTIVATION A highly motivated students is observed to do the following: a) Asks questions during a discussion b) Facial expression shows intently listening and observing what is happening in a demonstration c) Smiles and nods to show confirmation d) Curiously goes around the room to look for more materials e) Persistent in solving problems until reaching a solution f) Does extra work beyond regular class hours g) Reads more references to gain more information h) Actively participates in class discussion LOW OR NEGATIVE MOTIVATION LEVELS OF MOTIVATION A poorly motivated students is observed to do the following: a) Inattentive and with a blank look b) Homework or assignment left undone c) Seems bored or uninterested d) Seldom participates in investigation lessons e) Unable to work by himself f) Not time conscious, hence waste time g) Depends on classmates for lesson conclusions h) Does not listen, instead distract others i) Low performance in test and other assessments.  MOTIVATIONAL STRATEGIES 1. Make the students aware of their own progress such as Higher grades obtained More games won Favorite books read Experiment performed 2. Vary teaching strategies 3. Let your sense of humor work in every lesson 4. Arouse their curiosity 5. Plan lessons which will need audiovisual gadgets, tools and materials 6. Assist students in solving personal problems or simple physical inabilities by suggesting creative solution https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydsCANtzVuY TECHNIQUES OF QUESTIONING Why do we need to ask question TO MOTIVATE Question can put the learner into the right mood. They stir ones emotion or arouse a strong inclination. Teacher can tactfully persuade the students thinking by asking motivational question TO INSTRUCT Question are used to highlight the need for useful information. The right procedures and direction are guided by appropriate questions. They guide, coach and advice what and how an activity should be done. TO EVALUATE Question are used during a lesson primarily to find out if learning or undertaking is achieved.  ENCOURAGING STUDENTS TO ASK QUESTIONS The simplest techniques to encourage students to ask question is by establishing yourself as a model. 1. Keep asking different types of questions, well-thought of questions What ? as to purpose. 2. Respect the questions that students ask. 3. Commend those whose questions come out clear and easy to understand 4. A difficult question may be formulated if no responses are solicited after some time. 5. Show patience as part of your questioning technique. Improving Teachers Questioning Technique 1. The teacher must be clear about the purpose of the questions she asks. 2. Vary the type of questions asked during the entire session 3. Allow for sufficient wait-time to give them time to think, especially for high level questions. 4. Practice the students to answer divergent questions. 5. Why questions are not always thought question rather its use will be dictated by the context of the lessons 6. Students need practice in reacting as well as verbally to other students response 7. Learn by constant practice to ask the right question at the right time. 8. Teachers are allowed to inject clues to assist weak or shy students. 9. Consider individual inabilities when selecting the students who should respond. 10.Finally, be aware of your style of questioning. Responding to Students Answers 1. Adopt a relaxed and non-threatening role 2. Encourage divergent thinking 3. For those who are not finding difficulty in expressing themselves, assist them in finding the appropriate terms. 4. Nonverbal gestures such as nod or a smile can motivate students to make in attempt in answering 5. Allows sufficient wait-time if you have to pursue the first question further. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZJpGdRqBio EXERCISES: 1. From today’s lesson, why do you think a well-planned method important? 2. Can a lesson be undertaken without motivation? Why or why not? 3. Is awards and incentives a good motivation strategy? When this becomes bad for the students 4. How can you encourage students to ask questions during a discussion THANK YOU Insert the Subtitle of Your Presentation