Plants Reproduction Notes PDF

PLANTS REPRODUCTION (1) What is Pollination? Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of flower. (2) Differences between animal-pollinated flowers and wind-pollinated flowers Animal-Pollinated Flowers Wind-Pollinated Flowers...

PLANTS REPRODUCTION (1) What is Pollination? Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma of flower. (2) Differences between animal-pollinated flowers and wind-pollinated flowers Animal-Pollinated Flowers Wind-Pollinated Flowers § Flowers have bright-coloured § Flowers have small, dull- petals to attract animals. coloured petals or no petals at (petal colours) all. § Flowers do not have a sweet § Flowers have a sweet scent scent and do not contain and contains nectar. (scent) nectar. § Most flowers have anthers § Most flowers have anthers and and stigma inside them. feathery stigma sticking or (parts of flowers) hanging out of them. § Pollen grains are heavier and § Pollen grains are light and have have spikes to stick onto a smooth surface. animals. (Pollen grains) (Pollen grains) (3) What is fertilization of plants? It is the fusion of male and female reproductive parts. (4) Why do seeds need to grow in locations far away from the parent plants? This is to prevent overcrowding so as to reduce competition between young plants and parent plans for resources such as sunlight and water. 1 (5) Reproduction in Plants Process (6) i Method of dispersal Characteristics of seed By wind § The seeds are light and small and are easily carried by wind. § Some have wing-like structures to stay in the air longer and be carried further away. § Examples are shorea, angsana and grass. By water § Plants which usually grow near or in water disperse their fruits or seeds by water. § The fruits usually have waterproof covering or fibrous husks which trap air and float on water. § Examples are lotus, coconut and water lily. 2 (6) ii Method of dispersal Characteristics of seed By animal § Some fruits are colourful, sweet and fleshy/juicy to attract animals to eat them. § The seeds will be dispersed when the animals throw the seeds or pass them out with their droppings. § Examples are mangoes, cherries and tomatoes § Some fruits are sticky or have tiny hooks on them to stick onto the fur so that they can be carried away by passing animals. § Examples are love grass and mimosa. By splitting § Some fruits split open when they are ripe to disperse the seeds, while other fruits split open when the fruits have dried. 3 (7) Cross Section of a seed (B) Baby Plant (C) Seed Leaf (A) Seed Coat (A) First, the root grows out of the seed. It gets its food from the seed leaf. (B) Next, the shoot appears. When its leaves are developed, the young plant can make its own food. As the seed grows, the seed leaves decrease in mass. (C) The seedling will grow into an adult plant. The adult plant bears flowers. 4