Pituitary and Hypothalamic Hormones PDF

Pituitary and Hypothalamic\ Hormones \#\#\# \*\*Slide 1: Overview of Pituitary and Hypothalamic Hormones\*\* 1\. \*\*Which part of the pituitary gland is responsible for secreting growth hormone (GH)?\*\* \- A. Posterior pituitary \- B. Anterior pituitary \- C. Hypothalamus \- D. Adrenal gland...

Pituitary and Hypothalamic\ Hormones \#\#\# \*\*Slide 1: Overview of Pituitary and Hypothalamic Hormones\*\* 1\. \*\*Which part of the pituitary gland is responsible for secreting growth hormone (GH)?\*\* \- A. Posterior pituitary \- B. Anterior pituitary \- C. Hypothalamus \- D. Adrenal gland \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Anterior pituitary【128†source】 2\. \*\*Which hormone is involved in inducing labor and controlling uterine bleeding?\*\* \- A. Prolactin \- B. Oxytocin \- C. Vasopressin \- D. Growth hormone \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Oxytocin【128†source】 3\. \*\*Vasopressin acts through which receptors to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys?\*\* \- A. V1 receptors \- B. V2 receptors \- C. Alpha receptors \- D. Beta receptors \*\*Answer:\*\* B. V2 receptors【128†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 2: Pituitary Hormones\*\* 1\. \*\*The adenohypophysis is another term for which part of the pituitary gland?\*\* \- A. Posterior pituitary \- B. Anterior pituitary \- C. Hypothalamus \- D. Thyroid gland \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Anterior pituitary【128†source】 2\. \*\*Which hormone is secreted by the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)?\*\* \- A. Growth hormone \- B. Prolactin \- C. Oxytocin \- D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Oxytocin【128†source】 3\. \*\*Which hormone promotes tissue growth and regulates protein and carbohydrate metabolism?\*\* \- A. Prolactin \- B. Vasopressin \- C. Growth hormone \- D. ACTH \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Growth hormone【128†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 3: Growth Hormone - Function and Deficiency\*\* 1\. \*\*Which condition results from growth hormone deficiency in childhood?\*\* \- A. Acromegaly \- B. Dwarfism \- C. Gigantism \- D. Hyperthyroidism \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Dwarfism【128†source】 2\. \*\*In adults, growth hormone deficiency can lead to which of the following symptoms?\*\* \- A. Muscle wasting and fatigue \- B. Weight gain and lethargy \- C. Hypertension and hyperglycemia \- D. Bradycardia and constipation \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Muscle wasting and fatigue【128†source】 3\. \*\*Growth hormone primarily exerts its effects through which mediator?\*\* \- A. Cortisol \- B. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) \- C. Epinephrine \- D. Thyroid hormone \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)【128†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 4: Synthetic Growth Hormone - Somatotropin\*\* 1\. \*\*Which of the following is a medical use for synthetic growth hormone (somatotropin) in children?\*\* \- A. Treatment of acromegaly \- B. Management of hyperthyroidism \- C. Treatment of pituitary dwarfism and growth failure \- D. Weight loss in obesity \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Treatment of pituitary dwarfism and growth failure【128†source】 2\. \*\*Which serious side effect is associated with somatotropin use in children?\*\* \- A. Hypoglycemia \- B. Pseudotumor cerebri \- C. Hypocalcemia \- D. Hypertension \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Pseudotumor cerebri【128†source】 3\. \*\*In adults, synthetic growth hormone is used to manage which condition?\*\* \- A. AIDS-related wasting syndrome \- B. Cushing's disease \- C. Diabetes insipidus \- D. Hypothyroidism \*\*Answer:\*\* A. AIDS-related wasting syndrome【128†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 5: Growth Hormone Inhibitors\*\* 1\. \*\*Somatostatin (Octreotide) is used to inhibit the release of which hormone?\*\* \- A. Thyroid hormone \- B. Growth hormone \- C. Cortisol \- D. Insulin \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Growth hormone【128†source】 2\. \*\*Octreotide is used in the treatment of which of the following conditions?\*\* \- A. Diabetes mellitus \- B. Dwarfism \- C. Acromegaly \- D. Hyperthyroidism \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Acromegaly【128†source】 3\. \*\*What is a common side effect of somatostatin analogs like Octreotide?\*\* \- A. Diarrhea and gallstones \- B. Hyperglycemia \- C. Tachycardia \- D. Hypertension \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Diarrhea and gallstones【128†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 6: Growth Hormone Inhibitors - Pegvisomant\*\* 1\. \*\*Pegvisomant (Somavert) is used to treat which condition?\*\* \- A. Growth hormone deficiency \- B. Acromegaly \- C. Dwarfism \- D. Hyperthyroidism \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Acromegaly【128†source】 2\. \*\*What is the mechanism of action of Pegvisomant?\*\* \- A. It inhibits growth hormone release \- B. It is a growth hormone receptor antagonist \- C. It stimulates growth hormone release \- D. It enhances IGF-1 production \*\*Answer:\*\* B. It is a growth hormone receptor antagonist【128†source】 3\. \*\*Pegvisomant is administered via which route?\*\* \- A. Oral \- B. Subcutaneous injection \- C. Intravenous injection \- D. Intramuscular injection \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Subcutaneous injection【128†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 7: Dopamine Agonists - Bromocriptine\*\* 1\. \*\*Bromocriptine is used to reduce the secretion of which hormones?\*\* \- A. Thyroid hormone and ACTH \- B. Growth hormone and prolactin \- C. Cortisol and insulin \- D. Glucagon and aldosterone \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Growth hormone and prolactin【128†source】 2\. \*\*Which receptor does Bromocriptine bind to reduce hormone secretion?\*\* \- A. D1 receptor \- B. D2 receptor \- C. Beta-2 receptor \- D. Alpha receptor \*\*Answer:\*\* B. D2 receptor【128†source】 3\. \*\*Bromocriptine is primarily used in the treatment of which pituitary tumor?\*\* \- A. Prolactinoma \- B. Somatotroph adenoma \- C. Thyrotroph adenoma \- D. Corticotroph adenoma \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Prolactinoma【128†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 8: Oxytocin - Mechanism and Use\*\* 1\. \*\*Oxytocin is primarily used to induce what physiological effect in pregnancy?\*\* \- A. Increase blood pressure \- B. Induce uterine contractions \- C. Increase insulin secretion \- D. Reduce cortisol levels \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Induce uterine contractions【128†source】 2\. \*\*Which of the following is a clinical use of oxytocin post-delivery?\*\* \- A. Stimulate milk ejection \- B. Control postpartum hemorrhage \- C. Reduce postpartum depression \- D. Lower blood sugar \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Control postpartum hemorrhage【128†source】 3\. \*\*How is oxytocin administered for labor induction?\*\* \- A. Intravenously \- B. Orally \- C. Subcutaneously \- D. Intranasally \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Intravenously【128†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 9: Vasopressin - Mechanism of Action\*\* 1\. \*\*Vasopressin acts on which receptors to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys?\*\* \- A. V1 receptors \- B. V2 receptors \- C. Alpha receptors \- D. Beta receptors \*\*Answer:\*\* B. V2 receptors【128†source】 2\. \*\*What is vasopressin used to treat in patients with central diabetes insipidus?\*\* \- A. Hypotension \- B. Excessive water loss \- C. Hyperglycemia \- D. Hypercalcemia \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Excessive water loss【128†source】 3\. \*\*Which condition can be treated by stimulating vasopressin's V1 receptors in vascular smooth muscle?\*\* \- A. Esophageal varices \- B. Hypertension \- C. Hypothyroidism \- D. Osteoporosis \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Esophageal varices【128†source】 \#\#\# \*\*Slide 10: Vasopressin Analog - Desmopressin (DDAVP)\*\* 1\. \*\*Desmopressin (DDAVP) primarily acts on which receptor to reduce urine output in diabetes insipidus?\*\* \- A. V1 receptors \- B. V2 receptors \- C. Alpha receptors \- D. Beta receptors \*\*Answer:\*\* B. V2 receptors【128†source】 2\. \*\*What is the primary clinical use of desmopressin?\*\* \- A. Induce labor \- B. Treat central diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis \- C. Increase blood pressure \- D. Reduce postpartum hemorrhage \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Treat central diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis【128†source】 3\. \*\*Which of the following is a side effect associated with desmopressin therapy?\*\* \- A. Hyponatremia \- B. Hyperkalemia \- C. Hypercalcemia \- D. Hypertension \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Hyponatremia【128†source】 \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 11: Vasopressin and Desmopressin - Clinical Applications\*\* 1\. \*\*In addition to diabetes insipidus, desmopressin is used to treat which bleeding disorder?\*\* \- A. Hemophilia A \- B. Von Willebrand disease \- C. Disseminated intravascular coagulation \- D. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Von Willebrand disease【128†source】 2\. \*\*Which of the following is a contraindication to desmopressin use?\*\* \- A. Hyponatremia \- B. Hyperkalemia \- C. Hypertension \- D. Diabetes mellitus \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Hyponatremia【128†source】 3\. \*\*What is a key difference between vasopressin and desmopressin regarding receptor selectivity?\*\* \- A. Desmopressin has greater selectivity for V2 receptors, reducing vasoconstriction effects \- B. Vasopressin is more selective for V2 receptors \- C. Desmopressin increases both V1 and V2 receptor activity \- D. Vasopressin only acts on alpha receptors \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Desmopressin has greater selectivity for V2 receptors, reducing vasoconstriction effects【128†source】