Physiology Reproductive System Self-Assessment PDF

Physiology Reproductive System Self-Assessment 1. The human reproductive system produces, stores, nourishes, and transports functional male and female reproductive cells called: a) gametes b) gonads c) testes d) ovaries 2. Fertilization, also known as conception, is where a male gamete and a f...

Physiology Reproductive System Self-Assessment 1. The human reproductive system produces, stores, nourishes, and transports functional male and female reproductive cells called: a) gametes b) gonads c) testes d) ovaries 2. Fertilization, also known as conception, is where a male gamete and a female gamete: a) divide b) unite c) mitose d) splice 3. A _____________ is the term used for the single cell created by the fusion of a male gamete (from the father) with a female gamete (from the mother). a) ovote b) zygote c) oogote d) spermatagote 4. The gradual transformation of a single cell into a functional adult, over 15 to 20 years, is the process of _________________, which is directed by hormones of the reproductive system. a) micturition b) development c) ageing d) gametogenesis 5. The reproductive system includes each of the following components EXCEPT: a) gonads b) ducts c) accessory glands and organs d) pineal structures 6. In both males and females, the reproductive system ducts are connected to chambers and passageways, constituting the ____________________, that open to the exterior of the body. a) ejaculatory canal b) urinal system c) reproductive complex d) reproductive tract 7. In adult males, the testes secrete sex hormones called: a) estrogens b) androgens c) progesterones d) glucocorticoids 8. During emission, mature spermatozoa travel along a lengthy duct system where they are mixed with secretions of accessory glands forming: a) ductal secretions b) semen c) prostate fluid d) lymph 9. In adult human females, the ovaries (female gonads) typically release only one immature gamete, called an oocyte, per: a) day b) month c) week d) year 10. The immature oocyte travels along short uterine tubes, ending in a muscular organ called the uterus, and a short passageway called the _________________ connects the uterus with the exterior. a) labia b) clitoris c) urethra d) vagina 11. During sexual intercourse, ejaculation of the male introduces semen into the vagina and the ___________________ ascend the female reproductive tract and if a sperm reaches the oocyte in the uterus the process of fertilization is initiated. a) spermatozoa b) tadpoles c) spermines d) oogonia 12. After initialization of fertilization, the oocyte matures into an ovum, and the uterus is enclosed to support the next step of development into a: a) fetus b) embryo c) ova d) stem cell 13. Proceeding from a male testis, spermatozoa travel within each of the following except: a) epididymus b) vas efferens c) ejaculatory duct d) urethra 14. Accessory organs of the male reproductive system, which secrete various fluids into the ejaculatory ducts and urethra, include each of the following except: a) seminal vesicles b) prostate gland c) bladder d) bulbourethral glands 15. The male external genitalia consists of the: a) scrotum and penis b) nipples, scrotum and penis c) nipples and penis d) prostate, scrotum and penis 16. In the testes, __________________________ are responsible for the production of androgens, the dominant sex hormones in males. a) interstitial (Leydig) cells b) endothelial (Leyland) cells c) epithelial (Hooke) cells d) mucosal (Cajal) cells 17. Spermatozoa are generated by the process of spermatogenesis, which involves three integrated processes in the following order: a) mitosis, meiosis, spermiogenesis b) meiosis, mitosis, spermiogenesis c) spermiogenesis, mitosis, meiosis d) spermiogenesis, meiosis, mitosis 18. Spermatogonia (stem cells) divide by ________________ to produce daughter cells, some of which differentiate into primary spermatocytes. a) mitosis b) meiosis c) spermiogenesis d) budding 19. Meiosis is a special form of cell division involved in gamete production, where gametes contain: a) 23 chromosomes (half the normal set) b) 23 chromosomes (the normal set) c) 46 chromosomes (the normal set) d) 46 chromosomes (twice the normal set) 20. In the seminiferous tubules, meiotic divisions that begin with primary spermatocytes produce: a) spermakids b) differentiated male gametes c) spermatids d) spermatozoa 21. Spermatozoa are: a) among the most highly specialized cells in the body b) among the least specialized cells in the body c) among the largest cells in the body d) among the least mobile cells in the body 22. The principal organs of the female reproductive system include each of the following EXCEPT the: a) urethra b) uterus c) uterine tubes d) vagina 23. Which of the following functions do the ovaries not perform: a) production of immature female gametes b) secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) c) secretion of female sex hormones d) secretion of inhibitin 24. The interior tissues, or _________________, of the ovary can be divided into: (a) superficial cortex (where gametes are produced); and (b) deeper medulla. a) stoma b) stroma c) stropa d) stola 25. Oogenesis (or ovum production), begins before a woman's birth, accelerates at puberty, and ends at menopause, and between puberty and menopause, oogenesis occurs monthly as part of the: a) annual cycle b) oogonian cycle c) ovarian cycle d) avian cycle 26. The female stem cells, oogonia (unlike spermatogonia) complete their ______________ divisions before birth. a) meiotic b) mitotic c) organismal d) systemic 27. Between the __________________ of female fetal development, the daughter cells (primary oocytes), prepare to undergo meiosis. a) third and seventh days b) third and seventh weeks c) third and seventh months d) third and seventh years 28. After undergoing the first steps of meiosis the process comes to a halt and the primary oocytes remain in a state of suspended development until the individual reaches puberty when rising levels of _______________________ trigger the start of ovulation. a) estrogen b) testosterone c) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) d) progesterone 29. Not all primary oocytes produced during development will survive until puberty and while the ovaries have around 2 million primordial follicles at birth (each containing a primary oocyte), degeneration by a process called ____________ results in a drop in this number to around 400,000 by puberty. a) acresia b) atresia c) arrestia d) amnesia 30. The follicular phase is also known as the: a) luteal phase b) preovulatory phase c) postovulatory phase d) ovulatory phase 31. Which step occurs AFTER ovulation? a) formation of secondary follicles b) formation of primary follicles c) formation of a tertiary follicle d) formation of the corpus luteum 32. The menstrual (uterine) cycle averages 28 days in length in humans and can be divided into three stages in which order a) proliferative phase, menses, secretory phase b) secretory phase, proliferative phase, menses c) menses, proliferative phase, secretory phase d) menses, secretory phase, menses 33. During menses there is a degeneration (and progressive loss) of the functional zone of the endometrium, which is sloughed by a process called: a) lactation b) ovulation c) menstruation d) parturition 34. In the days after menses, there is a functional reorganization for restoration of the functional zone of the endometrium, stimulated and sustained by: a) estrogens b) testosterone c) oxytocin d) prolactin 35. The secretory phase of the uterine cycle lasts around: a) 7 days b) 14 days c) 28 days d) 3 days 36. The activity of the female reproductive tract is under hormonal control, involving an inter-play between secretions of both the ____________________ and the gonads to co-ordinate the ovarian and uterine cycles. a) parathyroid gland b) pituitary gland c) pineal gland d) thymus gland 37. Which of the following is NOT an estrogen circulating in the bloodstream: a) estradiol b) estrone c) estragone d) estriol 38. Each of the estrogens have similar effects on target tissues and these include each of the following EXCEPT: a) stimulating bone and muscle growth b) maintaining female secondary sex characteristics c) affecting central nervous system activity d) initiating shedding of the endometrium 39. Mammary glands are specialized organs of the female integumentary system that are controlled mainly by hormones of the reproductive system and by the __________________, a temporary structure that provides the embryo or fetus with nutrients. a) panacea b) placenta c) corpus callosum d) corpus luteum 40. ______________________, usually defined as the time that ovulation and menstruation cease, is accompanied by a decline in circulating concentrations of estrogen and progesterone and a sharp sustained rise in the production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). a) postovarial phase b) menopause c) tropopause d) postmenstrual syndrome