Physiology Cardiovascular System Self-Assessment PDF

Physiology Cardiovascular System Self-Assessment 1. Blood flows through a network of blood vessels that extend from the _________________ to the peripheral tissues a) brain b) digestive system c) heart d) lungs 2. Blood is carried away from the heart by: a) arteries b) veins c) capillaries...

Physiology Cardiovascular System Self-Assessment 1. Blood flows through a network of blood vessels that extend from the _________________ to the peripheral tissues a) brain b) digestive system c) heart d) lungs 2. Blood is carried away from the heart by: a) arteries b) veins c) capillaries d) venules 3. Capillaries are often called ___________________ as their thin walls permit exchange of nutrients, dissolved gases and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues a) thin vessels b) vesicules c) exchange vessels d) product vessels 4. How many muscular chambers does the heart contain? a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 8 5. The right atrium passes blood to the right ventricle, which pumps blood into the: a) pulmonary circuit b) systemic circuit c) left ventricle d) left atrium 6. The left atrium empties blood into the left ventricle, which pumps blood into the: a) pulmonary circuit b) systemic circuit c) right atrium d) right ventricle 7. When the heart beats, the ventricles contract at the same time and the right ventricle ejects a _________ amount of blood than the left ventricle. a) equal b) greater c) smaller d) much smaller 8. The heart has a series of _____________ valves. a) one-way b) two-way c) three-way d) four-way 9. The right atrioventricular (AV) valve is known as the: a) mitral valve b) tricuspid valve c) bicuspid valve d) semilunar valve 10. Semilunar valves include: a) aortic valves b) trunk valves c) ventricular valves d) venular valves 11. Blood from the systemic circuit flows through the venae cavae into the: a) right atrium b) right ventricle c) left atrium d) left ventricle 12. Which type of cells control and co-ordinate heartbeat? a) contractile cells b) glial cells c) cells of the spinal system d) cells of the conducting system 13. Each heartbeat begins with an action potential generated at a pacemaker called the: a) sinoatrial (SA) node b) atrioventricular (AV) node c) node of Ranvier d) intranode 14. Electrical events of the conducting system can be monitored from the surface of the body by means of an: a) electrocardiogram (ECG) b) electroencephalogram (EEG) c) electroretinogram (ERG) d) electromyogram (EMG) 15. The arrival of an electrical impulse at a cardiac muscle cell membrane produces an _________ (comparable to that in a skeletal muscle fibre), and this triggers the contraction of the cardiac muscle cell. a) graded potential b) synaptic potential c) action potential d) presynaptic potential 16. The period between the start of one heartbeat and the start of the next is called the: a) blood cycle b) cardiac cycle c) refractory period d) latent period 17. In contrast to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle tissue contracts: a) on its own b) in response to neural stimulation c) in reponse to hormonal stimulation d) irregularly 18. The cardiac conduction system contains each the following elements, EXCEPT: a) conducting cells b) contractile cells c) the sinoatrial (SA) node d) the atrioventricular (AV) node 19. The conducting cells in the atria are found in: a) Purkinje fibres b) internodal pathways c) bundle branches d) the atrioventricular (AV) bundle 20. Each time the heart beats, a wave of depolarization travels down the ventricular septum to the apex of the heart, from where it spreads through the ventricular: a) epithelia b) myocardium c) epicardium d) endocardium 21. The electrical activity of the heart can be monitored by means of an graphical recording, which gives information on performance off each of the following specific components, EXCEPT: a) nodal b) conducting c) contractile d) neural 22. Which appears as the ventricles depolarize? a) P wave b) QRS complex c) T wave d) ventricular wave 23. The P-R interval is the time from the start of ________________ to the start of the QRS complex and extension by even 0.2 sec can indicate damage to the conducting pathways or the atrioventricular (AV) node. a) ventricular depolarization b) atrial depolarization c) atrial repolarization d) ventricular repolarization 24. The Q-T interval indicates the time required for the ventricles to undergo a single cycle of depolarization and repolarization and extension may indicate all of the following, EXCEPT: a) damage to the conduction system b) coronary ischemia c) myocardial damage d) cardiovascular fitness 25. The action potential in a contractile cell is different than that observed in a skeletal muscle cell in that it has each of the following distinct steps, EXCEPT: a) rapid depolarization b) a plateau phase c) repolarization d) a synaptic phase 26. An action potential begins when the membrane of ventricular muscle cell reaches threshold (-75 mV) from the resting potential of -90 mV, this results in opening of: a) fast sodium (Na+) channels b) slow sodium (Na+) channels c) slow calcium (Ca2+) channels d) slow potassium (K+) channels 27. The plateau phase of a cardiac action potential last for: a) ~17.5 msec b) ~1 msec c) ~175 msec d) ~1 sec 28. At the end of the plateau phase potassium (K+) channels open leading to a rapid repolarization that restores: a) action potential b) resting potential c) threshold potential d) plateau potential 29. In the cardiac cycle a phase of contraction is known as: a) systole b) diastole c) stole d) asystole 30. Systole is followed by ____________ during which the chamber fills with blood. a) systole b) diastole c) asystole d) a heartbeat 31. There are _________ heart sounds a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5 32. Cardiodynamics is NOT dictated by which of the following factors: a) stroke volume (SV) b) heart rate (HR) c) cardiac output (CO) d) glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 33. Cardiac output is an indication of blood flow through peripheral tissues and provides a useful indication of: a) ventricular efficiency b) heart size c) heart beat d) ventricular innervation 34. An increased heart rate is primarily caused by which one of the following: a) increased activity of sympathetic nerves to the heart b) decreased plasma adrenaline (epinephrine) c) cardiac ischemia d) increased activity of parasympathetic nerves to the heart 35. An increased stroke volume is primarily caused by: a) decreased activity of sympathetic nerves to the heart b) increased end-diastolic ventricular volume c) decreased plasma adrenaline (epinephrine) d) myocardial infarction 36. ____________________ is calculated as the end-diastolic volume (EDV, ~135 ml) minus the end- systolic volume (ESV, ~65 ml). a) stroke volume b) cardiac output c) heart rate d) inotropic action 37. The end systolic volume (ESV) is influenced by each of the following, EXCEPT: a) preload b) afterload c) contractility d) conductivity 38. Pressure within the cardiovascular system, the circulatory pressure is often divided into each of the following components EXCEPT: a) blood pressure (BP) b) hydrostatic pressure c) venous pressure d) capillary hydrostatic pressure (CHP) 39. For circulation to occur the pressure gradient must be great enough to overcome the: a) blood pressure b) atrial pressure c) total atrial resistance d) total peripheral resistance 40. Blood flow is determined by the each of following parameters, EXCEPT: a) vessel radius b) total peripheral resistance c) blood pressure d) vessel length