Physical Structure of Cells PDF
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Saint Xavier University
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Summary
These notes cover the physical structure of cells, including plasma membranes, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structures, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and the cytoskeleton. The notes include diagrams and explanations of key cellular components.
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FridaySeptember2720 DOUGH SHADE GEOS APLASMA MEMBRANES membranethatclosesthecell madeupofphospholipids madeupofphospholipidbilay...
FridaySeptember2720 DOUGH SHADE GEOS APLASMA MEMBRANES membranethatclosesthecell madeupofphospholipids madeupofphospholipidbilayer Twolayersof phospholipids Phospholipid Hydrophyllic atoneend Hydrophobicattheotherend Phospholipidheads lineup andputtherHydrophilicHeadsontheoutside tailsontheinside 8998 Hydrophobic Hydrophilicpartsfacewater themselvesawayfromwater Hydrophobicpartskeep encloses cell moveinandoutoc regulateswhatcan f ell Selectively permiblemembraneonlyletscertain thingsthroughandnotothers Happensthroughprotienchannelsthatcanopen close B PROKARYOTIC BASICCELL STRUCTURE Bacteria Archeanes cellmembrane cellwall things willbeinthecellwall Dependsonifitisabacteriaoracheddifferent timeslargerthanprokaryoticcells Eukaryoticcells canbetoo NONUCLEUS NOMEMBRANEBOUNDORGANELLES amitochondriacanbe loxtimeslargerthan Bacteria Animal plantcells arelookbigger thanbacteria DNA RNA protiens ions ba.tth9tnhaaptpeYYhiamePftfffparts of cell 9,9 cytosol everythinginsideofcellmembrane C EUKARYOTICSTRUCTURES ZMAJORTYPEtmsan.imall Plants sharealotincommon 1 CYTOPLASMIeveninginsideofcellmembrane 2 NU mostimportantstructure Sendsinstructions forthecell ContainsDNA NuclearEnvelope doublemembranesurroundingnucleus 3 ENDOPLASMICRETCULUM Directlyattached totheNucleus mainsourceforbuildingprotient lipids singlemembrane verycomplexstructure Ribosomes turnaminoacidsinto proteins Chainof aminoAcids putchainsofaminoacidstogether RoughendoplasmicRecticulm smoothendoplasmic Recticum hasribosomes attached produce restitesmembraneboundbubbles makeslipids protiens transportprotiens typaggan Bundlesthemup getsthemreadytosendout 4 GolgiApparatus directswhereprotienlipidsaresupposedto go Carriesvesicles toplasmamembranesotheycanleavethecell 5 Lysosomes vacuole seed containdigestive more inplants enzymes bigYmptybubbles BYIfEffieyf.ie couranave water neutrients canMergew giverwaterback to cytoplasim restitles 6 MITOCHONDRIA powerhouseofthe cell Supplysenergythatisneededtoruntheopporation Haveadoublemembrane CristalconvertenergyfrommultiplesourcesintoAtp AI Thinkofitasachargedbatery when ithasall 3phosphates itisfullycharged usesenergyfromsugarsandturnsitintoATPwhichis theenergycells canuseforotherthings Aerobiorespiration oxygen sugarsareusedtomakeATP thebiproductiscarbondioxide 7 fffHh someprotists ants Doublemembraned Thylakiod internalstackedmembranes captureenergyfromlight convertcarbondioxide waterintosugars Chlorophyll a pigmentinsideofchloroplast thatspecializedinmakingthephotosynthesis processpossible Mitochondria CHLOROPLASTS mayhaveresultedinan endosymbotic relationship Whereasmallercellwaslivinginsidea largercell theirownDNA Divideatthesametimeasthebigcelldoes Bothhave 8 LEOSKELETON eletion Teleton ofthecenffff.fi 9 insidecellhaslotsof fibers tubules providestructuralsupport canchangeshapes Becauseofnoncovalentbondsthatcanbreakandreformallowingthem tochangeshape madeofprotienFillaments Skeletonisconstantly beingbrokendown rebuiltstructured tohelpthemdotheir job EMERERENDERKEEN 1 microtubules thethickest mitosis whencellisdividing 25mm happensduring radialpattern Definethepathwaysthatvesiclesfollow roadsforvesicles totravel what aspowersupplytomovevesicle 2 Intermediate mn 3 Microfilaments enablescellstomove Breakingandreformingofnoncovalentbonds
