Cells Biology Notes

1.) Plasma Celis- produce antibodies, seek out intruders. Antibodies neutralize toxins and incapacitate viruses. 2.) B memory Cells have prolonged life span, “remember specific intruders”, B and T cells help the immune system to activate much faster. 3.) Platelets-thrombocyt...

1.) Plasma Celis- produce antibodies, seek out intruders. Antibodies neutralize toxins and incapacitate viruses. 2.) B memory Cells have prolonged life span, “remember specific intruders”, B and T cells help the immune system to activate much faster. 3.) Platelets-thrombocytes Fragments of cells, they undergo fragmentation or clonal fragmentations. 4.) NERVE CELLS (NEURONS)-transmit informations throughout the body 5.) NEUROGLIAL CELLS- glial cells or glia, cells of the nervous system. 4 Types Astrocytes-star-like appearance, maintenance of the chemical environment for signal. Oligodendrocytes-forms lipid-rich myelin sheath around axons. Microglial Cells-removal of debris from sites of injury. Ependymal cells-line those ventricles and central anal of the brain to produce cerebrospinal fluid.  6.) MUSCLE CELLS-myocytes, present in muscle tissue, rich in proteins Actin and Myosin. It has 3 types, Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle cells. 7.) BONE CELLS Osteoclast-Bone Resorption, breaks don bone forming sealed compartments on its surface. Osteoblasts-generation of new bone known as Bone Remodeling Osteocytes-growth factors, activate bone growth Lining cells-lines the surface of the bone, release of calcium. 8.) SKIN CELLS Keratinocytes-generates the protein keratin, blocking toxins and pathogens. Melanocytes-produce pigment melanin which determines skin coloration. Merkel cells-mechanosensory cells and are involved in touch reception. 9.) SEX CELLS-sexual reproduction in the form of fusion called gametes. 10.) PLANT CELLS Parenchyma Cells-typical plant cel, stores organic products. -photosynthesis -storage of air -storage of water and minerals. TYPES-Palisade Parenchyma-performs photosynthesis where the rate is very ahigh. -Spongy Parenchyma- air storage. Collenchyma Cells-supports plants while not restraining growth. Sclerenchyma Cells- have a hardening agent. LESSON 5: CELL MODIFICATIONS CELL MODIFICATIONS-specialization that is re-acquired by a cell after cell division. 1.) APICAL MODIFICATIONS-happen in the surface of epithelial cells. a.) Cilia-Slender, microscopic hair-like structures 1.) MOTILE CILIA-used for locomotion in organisms, found in the lining of the trachea  2.) NON-MOTILE CILIA-occur one per celi, have a single non-motile primary cilium. a.) Mechanoreceptors-lining the kidney tubules and monitors the flow of fluid through The tubules.