Physical and Sexual Self Notes PDF

PHYSICAL SELF - Refers to the human body, including basic parts and vital organs, as well as one's perception of one's own body and appearance - Can be influenced by personal experiences, societal norms, and cultural values - Plays a significant role in self-esteem and mental well-b...

PHYSICAL SELF - Refers to the human body, including basic parts and vital organs, as well as one's perception of one's own body and appearance - Can be influenced by personal experiences, societal norms, and cultural values - Plays a significant role in self-esteem and mental well-being of a person - **Heredity**: Transmission of traits from parents to offspring - **Genetics:** has influence in the physical appearance (skin/ hair color, height, and other physical features) - **Maturation:** Process of growth completion enabling abilities (puberty and aging) **Importance of Beauty in Society** - Beauty often associated with positive traits - Can affect social interaction and opportunities - Beauty industry's economic impact (cosmetics, fashion, plastic surgery) **Cultural Impact on Body Image** - Culture significantly shapes ideals of beauty and attractiveness - Beauty standards vary across societies and time periods **Cultural Variations in Beauty Standards** - Beauty concepts vary across cultures and time periods - Examples of cultural beauty practices - Scarification - Traditional adornments - Neck rings - Foot binding - Body modifications **Filipino Concept of Beauty** - Influence of Eurocentricism - Colorism: preferential treatment based on skin color - Pressure on dark-skinned individuals to use whitening products - Mixed Filipinos often perceived as more desirable due to Caucasian traits - Young Filipinos may aspire to alter appearance to align with societal standards **Media's Influence on Body Image** - Media reinforces cultural beliefs about appearance - Constant exposure to idealized images can lead to feelings of inadequacy - Cycle of discontent and negative body image under societal scrutiny - Unrealistic physical ideals perpetuated by modern media **Body Image and Self -- Esteem** - Self- Esteem: overall sense of self-worth - Positive body image = Higher Self-Esteem - Negative body image ➡️ Low Self-Esteem, Anxiety, Depression - Importance on developing a holistic view of self-worth beyond appearance by: - Challenging narrow beauty standards - Acceptance (All body size, types, appearance) **Improving Body Image and Self -- Esteem** - Developing media literacy to critically evaluate beauty messages - Practicing self-compassion and positive self-talk - Focusing on body functionality rather than appearance - Engaging in activities that promote body appreciation **Cultural Competence in Body Image** - Recognizing and respecting diverse cultural beauty standards - Avoiding ethnocentric views of attractiveness - Understanding the impact of acculturation on body image - Promoting inclusive approaches to beauty and self-esteem **SEXUAL SELF-CONCEPT** It is referred to as the totality of oneself as a sexual being, including positive and negative concepts and feelings. **Understanding the Human Sexual Response** **PHASE 1: DESIRE** -It can last from a few minutes to several hours, **PHASE 2: AROUSAL** -Extends to the brink of orgasm. **PHASE 3: ORGASM** -The climax of the sexual response cycle. It is the shortest of the phases and generally lasts only a few seconds. **PHASE 4: RESOLUTION** -During this phase, the body slowly returns to its normal level of functioning, and swelled and erect body parts return to their previous size and color. Men need recovery time after orgasm, called a **refractory period**, during which they cannot reach orgasm again. **The Basic Biology of Human Sexual Behavior** - Females have both external genitalia (known as the vulva) and internal reproductive organs (including the ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, and vagina). - Males also have both internal and external genitalia; the main sex organs are the penis and testicles. - The hypothalamus produces important sexual hormones that are then secreted by the pituitary gland. - Libido - Limbic system - Hormone - Sex hormones that influence sexual behavior include oxytocin, prolactic, vasopressin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH); others include testosterone in males and estrogen and progesterone in females. **Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love** **Intimacy** -Emotional bonding, a sense of closeness to another person, having shared experiences. **Passion** -The realm of romance, physical attraction, engaging in sexual acts, and/or anything partners relate to erotic love. **Commitment** **Types of Love in the Triangle** **Non-Love:** Neither intimacy, passion, or commitment are present **Liking/Friendship:** Intimacy without passion or commitment. **Infatuated Love:** Passion without intimacy or commitment. **Empty Love:** Commitment without passion or intimacy **Romantic Love: P**assion and intimacy but no commitment. **Companionate Love:** Intimacy and commitment but with no passion **Fatuous Love:** Passion and commitment but no intimacy. **Consummate Love:** Love that includes all three elements: Intimacy, passion, and commitment. **Gender Roles**: The pre-conceived notions of the society on how we should behave depending on the social expectations assigned to our sex at birth. **Gender Stereotyping**: The expectations to abide by these roles throughout the life cycle is called gender stereotyping. **Sex** The classification of people as male or female, typically assigned at birth based on the appearance of external anatomy **Gender** Either of the two sexes (male and female), especially when considered with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones. **Sexuality** Sexuality is about your sexual feelings, thoughts, attractions and behaviors towards other people. **Sexual Orientation** Sexual orientation describes patterns of sexual, romantic, and emotional attraction, and one\'s sense of identity based on those attractions. **Heterosexuality** The romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual behavior between persons of the opposite sex or gender. **Homosexuality** The romantic attraction, sexual attraction, or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender. **The LGBTQIA+ Spectrum** An expansive umbrella term for all sexual orientations and gender identities such as but not limited to, lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgender/transsexual, queer and intersexed. **Gender Identity and Expression** Gender identity is how a person sees themselves. It is their own internal sense and personal experience of gender. Gender expression includes all the ways a person communicates their gender based on societal factors such as gender norms and perceptions. **Sexually transmitted diseases (STIs)** **Methods of contraception** **(natural and artificial) and family planning** **Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or venereal diseases (VDs)** -These are illnesses that have a significant probability of transmission by means of sexual behavior, including vaginal intercourse, anal sex, and oral sex. -It can also be contracted by sharing intravenous drug needles with an infected person, as well as through childbirth or breastfeeding. **According to Levin (2007) and Wiley (2009) common STIs include:** chlamydia; herpes (HSV-1 and HSV-2); human papillomavirus (HPV); gonorrhea; syphilis; trichomoniasis; HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). **Methods of Contraception and Family Planning** **LONG ACTIVE REVERSIBLE CONTRACEPTION (LARC)** -This includes sets of contraceptives that lasts for a long time (five to ten years). -They are sometimes called "fit and forget" contraception because you don't need to remember it every day or every month. \- This includes implant or intra uterine device (IUD). **HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION** - These are contraceptives that use hormones to prevent pregnancy. - This includes pills the Depo Povera pill injection. **BARRIER METHODS** - Barrier methods stop sperm from entering the vagina. - Condoms protect against sexually transmissible infections (STIs) as well as unintended pregnancy. - This includes the use of condoms. **EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION** - There are two options for emergency contraception: the emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) or a copper IUD. - The ECP is approved to be taken up three days after unprotected sex. - The copper IUD can be inserted up to five days after unprotected sex. - Emergency contraception can be used to prevent pregnancy if: you haven\'t used protection, your normal contraception fails e.g. condom splits, you have missed more than one contraceptive pill, you have been vomiting or had diarrhea while on the pill, you have missed your injection, you have been forced to have sex without contraception. You should not use the ECP as your regular method of contraception. **PERMANENT** Fertility awareness is learning the signs of fertility in your menstrual cycle to help you plan or avoid a pregnancy. **CONTRCEPTION** Permanent contraception, sometimes called sterilisation, prevents all future pregnancies. It is very difficult or impossible to reverse. Permanent contraception is either a vasectomy or a tubal ligation. \- This includes vasectomy and tubal ligation.