Analgesics & Anti-inflammatory Drugs PDF

ANALGESICS & ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS Delivered by: Kimberley McKenzie WHAT IS PAIN? poena (Latin)- penalty/ punishment Definition: It is an unpleasant sensation with suffering Function: a protective reflex for self preservation TYPES OF PAIN Nociceptive pain (somatic or visceral) Somatic- localized,...

ANALGESICS & ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS Delivered by: Kimberley McKenzie WHAT IS PAIN? poena (Latin)- penalty/ punishment Definition: It is an unpleasant sensation with suffering Function: a protective reflex for self preservation TYPES OF PAIN Nociceptive pain (somatic or visceral) Somatic- localized, constant, sharp, aching, throbbing, gnawing Visceral- vague in distribution, deep, aching, squeezing Neuropathic pain delayed onset after injury, continuous background pain, spontaneous/ stimulus-evoked, can be constant, intermittent, paroxysmal, electric shock, burning icy cold, aching, tingling, needles and pins TYPES OF PAIN Acute pain nociceptive in nature, self-limiting, warning of ongoing tissue damage (chemical, mechanical and thermal; A-delta and C-polymodal pain receptors) Chronic pain no protective biological function, not self-limiting (can persist years after injury), predominantly neuropathic pain with damage to PNS or CNS PAIN PERCEPTION A process by which painful (noxious) stimuli causes activation of nociceptors (pain fibers) which transmit a signal to the brain PAIN PATHWAY Transduction- noxious stimuli lead to electrical activity in appropriate sensory nerve endings Transmission- neural events that carry nociceptive input into CNS for processing Modulation- ability of CNS to control the pain permitting neurons Perception- subjective experience of pain What is Inflammation?????? It is the response to an injurious stimulus evoked by a wide variety of noxious agents infections, antibodies, or physical injuries It occurs in 3 distinct temporal phases: 1. an acute phase characterized by transient local vasodilation and increased capillary permeability 2. a delayed, subacute phase characterized by infiltration of leukocytes and phagocytic cells 3. a chronic proliferative phase, in which tissue degeneration and fibrosis occur https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8551758_What_is_inflammation_Are_we_ready_to_move_beyond_Celsus /figures?lo=1 Drug Targets Ascending Pathway Descending Pathway Inflammatory mediators- Opioid agonists (prostaglandins) Transduction process Modulation process Types of Analgesics Primary Analgesics Opioids Codeine Morphine Methadone Non-opioid Acetaminophen Aspirin, NSAIDs ANALGESICS OPIOIDS OPIODS- general MOA Actions mediated through inhibition of pain perception and descending modulation of pain at the brain and spinal cord by agonizing (stimulating) opioid receptors (mu, kappa, delta) Opioid Agonists Strong Agonists Morphine Methadone Codeine (>90 mg) Weak Agonists Codeine (C-III)