Philosophical Perspective of the Self PDF

PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF specific identity that will set him SELF SELF-ESTEEM THE SELF apart from others. -these aspects make up the “self’s...

PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF specific identity that will set him SELF SELF-ESTEEM THE SELF apart from others. -these aspects make up the “self’s -is the belief and confidence in integral part, such as self- your own ability and value. Self awareness, self-esteem, self- esteem includes: feelings of IDENTITY HEREDITARY FACTOR knowledge, and self-perfection competence, identity, a sense of the qualities, beliefs, etc. that it is a biological process by which belonging, a feeling of security make a particular person or group certain traits and characteristics and self-confidence different from others” or “the are passed from generation to SELF AWARENESS -it is important to build a healthy distinguishing character or another -often referred to as self-esteem to be happy. People personality of an individual autoconocimiento, is the with a healthy self-esteem are conscious knowledge and able to accept their strengths and NATURE weaknesses, to express their understanding of one’s own SELF needs, to accept a compliment -genes and hereditary factors character, emotions, motivations, “the person that someone and values and they are able to say no -physical appearance normally or truly is” or “the entire -it involves introspection and person of an individual” -personality characteristics recognition of personal strengths, SELF-KNOWLEDGE NURTURE weaknesses, and patterns of behavior -self-knowledge is an PERSONALITY -environmental variables understanding of one’s own -cultivating self awareness it is the individual’s patterns of -childhood experiences unique ways of being, including enables individuals to make thinking, feeling, and behaving. physical characteristics, -how we were raised informed decisions, manage personality traits, and emotions effectively, and navigate psychological attributes. It is an -social relationships interpersonal relationships with FACTOR AFFECTING SELF awareness of the cognitive, empathy -surrounding culture affective, and executive aspects of SOCIAL FACTOR -it is a foundational aspect of the self that give meaning to life emotional intelligence and patterns, assign mental images, refers to the influence of ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR personal growth, facilitating a and guide motivational behavior significant people in one’s life. deeper understanding of one’s it is broadly includes the physical -self-knowledge is dynamic and identity and contributing to a and communal elements present evolving, continuously being more fulfilling and purposeful life. PERSON VOLITION FACTOR in everyday surroundings and is refined over time. The content, Continuous self-reflection and invariably dealt with individuals in nature, and function of self- it refers to the inclination of a mindfulness practices are key a specific geographic region or knowledge represent personally person to form and construct a components in developing and area. significant abstractions that maintaining autoconocimiento embody one’s life experience -self-knowledge is constructed by -can be observed through the -some of the most famous solids, and was the first to study the individual and shaped by physical reaction philosophers in history are PLATO, irrational numbers social, cultural, contextual, and ARISTOTLE, SOCRATES -(emotions cater to the body) -he also did much work on environmental influences mystical beliefs such as reincarnation PRE-SOCRATIC ERA FEELINGS SELF-PERFECTION 635 BC -feelings are mental associations is the process of continuously 530 BC and reactions to emotions THALES OF MILETUS striving to improve oneself in HERACLITUS various aspects of life, such as -caused by emotions -first systematic philosopher of personal development, skills, the western world -he was well-known in antiquity character, and well-being. It -mental associations and and was influential on later involves setting goals for self- reactions -first to reject supernatural philosophers improvement, working towards explanations and seek reasons -can be hidden achieving them, and reflecting on behind events -he is famous for the saying ‘you personal growth.ca -(feelings serve the mind) cannot step in the same river -devising several geometric twice’ theories -another of his saying was COGNITIVE SELF PHILOSOPHER -static electricity which Thales’ ‘everything flows’ studied -is relating to or involving -a philosopher is an intellectual conscious intellectual activity person who seeks wisdom or enlightenment. They study about 515 BC AFFECTIVE SELF 575 BC knowledge truth and the nature PARMENIDES -is relating to or arising from and meaning of life PYTHAGORAS feelings influenced by emotion -he is a teacher and appears to -the term philosopher comes -best known of all the have authored only one work from the Ancient Greek word philosophers in pre-socratic era “philosophos” meaning lover of -a poem On Nature, this poem EMOTIONS -pythagoras took this special case wisdom tells of the journey of him when and worked out a theory which he search for wisdom -emotions are physical states that -philosophy is the systematized worked on all right angled arise as a response to external study of general and fundamental triangles -he believed that the whole stimuli questions, such as those about universe, all that exist, is timeless -as well as this he worked out existence, reason, knowledge, and unified -aroused before feelings relationships between musical values, mind, and language notes, figured out all regular -physical states 500 BC the basis of the concept of duality -the appetitive soul rules basic ANIMAL SOUL (SENTIENT SOUL) is the self human desires ANAXAGORAS Animals contain the nutritive soul -the body is a physical thing which -humans are made of 3 conflicting plus some of the following -treated all events as scientifically is imperfect and impermanent. It elements: powers: appetite, sensation, and explicable instead of being caused may be physically present today, locomotion by supernatural agents PASSION but changes through the years and will decay upon death. It will INTELLECT Now, not all animals have all the -famously he declared that the be gone from the face of the WILL same powers. sun was an enormous, hot rock in the sky and not chariot of apollo Earth forever -most people live life allowing the What is important here is that passions, intellect, and will to be animals judged as animals must -the soul is a mental thing and is in conflict with one another fulfill that power (soul) particular permanent. It exists and CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY to it specifically in order to be manifests in the body today but -ideal living is when intellect functionally excellent. The main idea in this dialogue is separates when the body leaves controls the passions through the that the truth can be the face of the Earth. This is one will distinguished in two forms: the reasons why there is a belief that one continues to be present even HUMAN SOUL (RATIONAL SOUL) METAPHYSICAL (mind) and the PHYSICAL (body) after death ARISTOTLE’S THEORY OF SOUL Humans contain the nutritive soul -since the soul is mental, it can and the appetitive- -The word for ‘soul’ in Aristotle is sensorylocomotive souls along exist even without the physical psuche (psyche). In Latin it is SOCRATES: EVERY MAN IS body with the rational soul. translated as anima. DUALISTIC, WITH BODY AND This power is given in a passive, SOUL -This is because form (hyle) and active, and imaginative sense PLATO: THE THREE CONCEPTS OF matter (morphe) combine to -socrates believed that every man SOUL ARE RATIONAL, SPIRITED, create a unity not a duality. What this means is that first there is dualistic composed of body and AND APPETITVE is a power in the rational soul to soul perceive sensation and to process -all individuals have imperfect and -plato supported the idea of PLANT SOUL (VEGETATIVE SOUL) it in such a way that it is impermanent aspect which is the duality and added that there are intelligible. body three concepts of the soul Plants exhibit the most basic power that living organisms -on the other hand, there is a -the rational soul governs reason possess: nutrition and perfect and permanent aspect and intellect reproduction (De An 414a 31). which is the soul -the spirited soul takes charge of The purpose of a plant is to take -the world is composed of emotions in and process materials in such a physical and mental things. This is way that the plant grows. SCHOLASTICISM The mind judges the truthfulness LOCKE: THE SELF IS OUR People are only accountable for of the sensepercetion through CONSCIOUSNESS the behavior they remember AUGUSTINE: THE SOUL CAN BE divine illumination IMMORTAL THROUGH -john locke viewed consciousness COMMUNION WITH THE DIVINE “Analogy of the Sun” as the core of the self In loving and moving on, it is not -augustine viewed the dual nature -it is personal identity and the unwanted love that make us of self in the context where one if psychological continuity that sick. Instead the memories that THE RATIONALISTS (DESCARTES, imperfect and immortal. The soul defines who we are you’ve shared thinking in despair SPINOZA, LEIBNIZ) is capable of immortality through that it won’t happened again… -this means that is we have the communion with the Christian THE EMPIRICISTS (LOCKE, memory versions of ourselves -SIR BENJO God BERKELEY, HUME) through time, then we can still -the body, while on earth, will live define ourselves as such in virtue, yearning to be with the HUME DESCARTES (EVIL DEMON, DOES -Locke believed that the “self” is divine GOD EXIST?) identified with consciousness and -hume characterized experiences -the soul will commune with the this “self” consists of sameness of as either impressions or ideas divine in the eternal and perfect -rene Descartes viewed the dual consciousness. afterlife nature of self where the mind is a -impressions are products of our thinking that makes a man, and -The “self” is consists of memory, direct experiences while ideas are the body is a mere machine that the person existing now is copies of our impressions the same person yesterday THE DIVINE ILLUMINATION -cogito is the mind enabling our -(life is a never-ending production because he/she remembers the fundamental existence. The body thoughts, experiences, or actions of experiences. The self is a “Perception of mutable and is just its extension of the earlier self. bundle of these experiences.) temporal objects leads us into a reality which is immutable and “COGITO ERGO SUM” -(everything is passing and who eternal.” we are is impossible to define (I THINK, THEREFORE I AM) Theory of Personal Identity Doctrine of Illumination A person’s memories provide a Eternal ideas cannot come from KANT DESCARTES: DOUBT AND REASON continuity of experience that temporal ones, it came from God, allows him/her to identify -immanuel kant defiend the self who is immutable and eternal. Descartes experienced himself/herself as the same as an organizing principle that Man can only discover eternal “disillusionment” because of the person over the time. synthesizes experiences truths not by human chaotic times in which he lived Since the person is the same -the mind allows us to distinguish perseverance and capacity but “self” in the passing of time, not only things that are present in only by the help of God. he/she can be held accountable this world, but also those that are for their behaviors. not present but are experienced anyway. He calls these the -the self is just a label we call all are one and the same self-making ABSURDITY “apparatuses of the mind” the behaviors we make as it an embodied subjectivity -the search for answers in an individuals answerless world “the self is the way people FREUD ESSENCE behave” -sigmund freud elaborated on the -a certain set of core properties BAD FAITH concept of a multi-layered self that are necessary, or essential for -a refusal to accept absurd CHURCHLAND a thing to be what it is -there are three levels of consciousness: conscious, -paul churchland was a materialist preconscious, and unconscious who believed that nothing but ESSENTIALISM matter exists -each of these levels corresponds -your essence gives you meaning and overlaps with the three levels -he debunked the concept of the of awareness, id, ego, and non-physical mind as the seat of superego consciousness FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE -the conscious mind includes -he promoted the view of self mental activities that we are base on brain states rather than in -nothing really matters, anyone currently aware of mental states. After all, the brain can see exists in the physical world and -the preconscious mind includes the mind does not all mental activities that are not NIHILISM currently active but stored in our memory -the belief in the ultimate MERLEAU-PONTY meaningless of life -the unconscious mind includes -maurice merleau-ponty labeled mental activities that people are the long-running dilemma on the totally unaware of regardless of JEAN-PAUL SARTRE duality of self as an “invalid time problem” -what come first -merleau-ponty said that the RYLE mind and body are too intertwined, making them EXISTENCE BEFORE ESSENCE -gilbert ryle, denied the concept inseperable of the duality of self, especially -people are born like a blank slate the non-physical self -our bodies, experiences, though, and create their essence or being and emotions, all that make up, through their unique experiences